Formation and Degradation of Starch in Pollen of Transgenic Tobacco
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7th International Scientific Conference on Applied Sciences and Engineering 27-28 February, 2016 Flora Grand Hotel, Dubai
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Biodegradation of starch 
This document discusses the biodegradation of starch by microorganisms. It begins by defining biodegradation and starch. Starch is made of amylose and amylopectin and can be degraded aerobically or anaerobically. Many bacteria and fungi produce amylase enzymes that break down starch into simpler sugars like maltose and glucose. The document then covers the industrial applications of starch degradation in food processing, brewing, textiles, fuel production, detergents, and more. Key microbes used include Bacillus species, Aspergillus, and Saccharomyces.
Starch and glucose production in large scale
The document describes the process for manufacturing corn starch. It involves the following key steps:
1. Cleaned corn kernels are soaked or "steeped" in water with sulfur dioxide for 24-48 hours to soften them.
2. The steeped kernels are then ground to separate out the germ, which is dried and used to make corn oil.
3. The remaining slurry is further ground and separated using screens and centrifuges to remove fiber, gluten, and produce a purified starch slurry.
4. The starch slurry can then be dried to produce unmodified corn starch or treated to produce modified starches, dextrins, or broken down into glucose.
Amylase
The document discusses isolation, screening and production of the enzyme α-amylase from Bacillus sp. It describes various enzymes including hydrolytic enzymes like amylase. It classifies different types of amylase and microorganisms that produce amylase. It also outlines several industrial and medical applications of enzymes with a focus on the market of hydrolytic enzymes and how amylase is used in food, textile and paper industries.
Amylase production
This document discusses amylase production through submerged fermentation using Bacillus spp. It defines amylases as enzymes that break down starch and describes their classification. It explores the advantages of using microbes like Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens for producing amylases economically and to specification. The document outlines the materials and methods used, including culturing Bacillus spp., varying the fermentation temperature and pH, extracting and assaying the amylase. It concludes by reviewing industrial applications of alpha, beta, and gamma amylases.
Brewery engevista 2013
The document summarizes research on utilizing brewery residues from a local brewery for protease production using solid-state fermentation with the fungus Aspergillus niger. Key findings include:
- A. niger strain UPT-03, isolated from the brewery residues, produced the highest protease yields in solid-state fermentation of the residues.
- Purification of the protease produced by A. niger UPT-03 using DEAE-cellulose resulted in a 30-fold purification with a specific activity of 550 U/mg protein.
- The purified protease showed highest activity at pH 5.5 and 55°C.
Extraction of β-galactosidase and β-glucosidase from the seeds of Tamarindus ...
Extraction of β-galactosidase and β-glucosidase from the seeds of Tamarindus ...Open Access Research Paper
The enzymes β–galactosidase and β–glucosidase were extracted from the tamarind seeds using different buffers at different pH. Highest activity was obtained with 10 mM sodium acetate buffer, pH 5.6 and 10 mM tris buffer, pH 7.4. The effect of NaCl and Triton X–100 at different concentrations on the extraction of the enzymes indicated 10 mM sodium acetate buffer, pH 5.6 containing 1 M NaCl as a better extractant of the enzyme. The enzyme assay was carried out using p–nitrophenyl–β–D–galactoside and p–nitrophenyl–β–D–glucoside as substrates. Highest enzyme activities were observed on 6th and 24th day of germination. The protein content gradually decreased upto 5th day of germination and suddenly increased on 6th day. However, on subsequent days of germination, the protein content greatly decreased upto 11th day. During the latter period of germination (18th day onwards) the content remained almost constant. The kinetic parameters varied for both β–galactosidase and β–glucosidase. The activity of β– galactosidase was show to have an optimal operating condition at pH 5.5 and a temperature of 500C. The thermostability of the enzyme was in the range of 400C – 700C with the pH stability in the range of 5.0 – 7.0. The Km and Vmax values for pNPGal were determined as 66μM and 2.27nmolesmin-1. In contrast the activity of β– glucosidase was shown to have an optimal operating condition at pH 5.0 and a temperature of 300C. The thermostability of the enzyme was in the range of 270C – 350C with the pH stability in the range of 4.0 – 7.0. The Km and Vmax values for pNPGlu were determined as 121μM and 5.26nmolesmin-1. The presented study is a preliminary work carried out for the standardization of protocols. The purification and characterization of β–galactosidase and β– glucosidase is under progress.
Extraction of β-galactosidase and β-glucosidase from the seeds of Tamarindus ...
The enzymes β–galactosidase and β–glucosidase were extracted from the tamarind seeds using different buffers at different pH. Highest activity was obtained with 10 mM sodium acetate buffer, pH 5.6 and 10 mM tris buffer, pH 7.4. The effect of NaCl and Triton X–100 at different concentrations on the extraction of the enzymes indicated 10 mM sodium acetate buffer, pH 5.6 containing 1 M NaCl as a better extractant of the enzyme. The enzyme assay was carried out using p–nitrophenyl–β–D–galactoside and p–nitrophenyl–β–D–glucoside as substrates. Highest enzyme activities were observed on 6th and 24th day of germination. The protein content gradually decreased upto 5th day of germination and suddenly increased on 6th day. However, on subsequent days of germination, the protein content greatly decreased upto 11th day. During the latter period of germination (18th day onwards) the content remained almost constant. The kinetic parameters varied for both β–galactosidase and β–glucosidase. The activity of β–galactosidase was show to have an optimal operating condition at pH 5.5 and a temperature of 500C. The thermostability of the enzyme was in the range of 400C – 700C with the pH stability in the range of 5.0 – 7.0. The Km and Vmax values for pNPGal were determined as 66μM and 2.27nmolesmin-1. In contrast the activity of β–glucosidase was shown to have an optimal operating condition at pH 5.0 and a temperature of 300C. The thermostability of the enzyme was in the range of 270C – 350C with the pH stability in the range of 4.0 – 7.0. The Km and Vmax values for pNPGlu were determined as 121μM and 5.26nmolesmin-1. The presented study is a preliminary work carried out for the standardization of protocols. The purification and characterization of β–galactosidase and β–glucosidase is under progress.
Physiological Assessments of Sweet Sorghum Inoculated with Azospirillumbrasi...
Physiological Assessments of Sweet Sorghum Inoculated with Azospirillumbrasi...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract—Some factors, such as yield increase and production cost reduction, must still be assessed as a way toimprove the sweet sorghum success prospects. The use of plant growth regulator mixtures has shown significant results in crop yield.Nitrogen assimilation stands out as one of the main limiting factors in plant production. Given the physiological effects of plant growth regulators and their mode of action in the photosynthetic metabolism, the aim of the current study is to assess the physiological responses of sweet sorghum plants inoculated with Azospirillum brasilenseto the use of nitrogen fertilization and plant growth regulators. The experiment comprised split plots, with four repetitions. The treatments comprised nitrogen (0, 40, 80, 120 and 160 kg ha-1) and biostimulant levels (0, 300, 400, 500 and 600 mL ha-1) in sweet sorghum culture inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense. Variables such as gas exchange and total recoverable sugars (TRS%) were assessed. The application of plant growth regulator at the dose 440.7 ml ha-1 showed the highest photosynthetic efficiency up to 46 DAE. According to the experimental conditions, the plant growth regulator treatment had no effect on the TRS %. It is concluded that the plant growth regulator did not affect the production of sugars by the plant. Recommended
Biodegradation of starch
This document discusses the biodegradation of starch by microorganisms. It begins by defining biodegradation and starch. Starch is made of amylose and amylopectin and can be degraded aerobically or anaerobically. Many bacteria and fungi produce amylase enzymes that break down starch into simpler sugars like maltose and glucose. The document then covers the industrial applications of starch degradation in food processing, brewing, textiles, fuel production, detergents, and more. Key microbes used include Bacillus species, Aspergillus, and Saccharomyces.
Starch and glucose production in large scale
The document describes the process for manufacturing corn starch. It involves the following key steps:
1. Cleaned corn kernels are soaked or "steeped" in water with sulfur dioxide for 24-48 hours to soften them.
2. The steeped kernels are then ground to separate out the germ, which is dried and used to make corn oil.
3. The remaining slurry is further ground and separated using screens and centrifuges to remove fiber, gluten, and produce a purified starch slurry.
4. The starch slurry can then be dried to produce unmodified corn starch or treated to produce modified starches, dextrins, or broken down into glucose.
Amylase
The document discusses isolation, screening and production of the enzyme α-amylase from Bacillus sp. It describes various enzymes including hydrolytic enzymes like amylase. It classifies different types of amylase and microorganisms that produce amylase. It also outlines several industrial and medical applications of enzymes with a focus on the market of hydrolytic enzymes and how amylase is used in food, textile and paper industries.
Amylase production
This document discusses amylase production through submerged fermentation using Bacillus spp. It defines amylases as enzymes that break down starch and describes their classification. It explores the advantages of using microbes like Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens for producing amylases economically and to specification. The document outlines the materials and methods used, including culturing Bacillus spp., varying the fermentation temperature and pH, extracting and assaying the amylase. It concludes by reviewing industrial applications of alpha, beta, and gamma amylases.
Brewery engevista 2013
The document summarizes research on utilizing brewery residues from a local brewery for protease production using solid-state fermentation with the fungus Aspergillus niger. Key findings include:
- A. niger strain UPT-03, isolated from the brewery residues, produced the highest protease yields in solid-state fermentation of the residues.
- Purification of the protease produced by A. niger UPT-03 using DEAE-cellulose resulted in a 30-fold purification with a specific activity of 550 U/mg protein.
- The purified protease showed highest activity at pH 5.5 and 55°C.
Extraction of β-galactosidase and β-glucosidase from the seeds of Tamarindus ...
Extraction of β-galactosidase and β-glucosidase from the seeds of Tamarindus ...Open Access Research Paper
The enzymes β–galactosidase and β–glucosidase were extracted from the tamarind seeds using different buffers at different pH. Highest activity was obtained with 10 mM sodium acetate buffer, pH 5.6 and 10 mM tris buffer, pH 7.4. The effect of NaCl and Triton X–100 at different concentrations on the extraction of the enzymes indicated 10 mM sodium acetate buffer, pH 5.6 containing 1 M NaCl as a better extractant of the enzyme. The enzyme assay was carried out using p–nitrophenyl–β–D–galactoside and p–nitrophenyl–β–D–glucoside as substrates. Highest enzyme activities were observed on 6th and 24th day of germination. The protein content gradually decreased upto 5th day of germination and suddenly increased on 6th day. However, on subsequent days of germination, the protein content greatly decreased upto 11th day. During the latter period of germination (18th day onwards) the content remained almost constant. The kinetic parameters varied for both β–galactosidase and β–glucosidase. The activity of β– galactosidase was show to have an optimal operating condition at pH 5.5 and a temperature of 500C. The thermostability of the enzyme was in the range of 400C – 700C with the pH stability in the range of 5.0 – 7.0. The Km and Vmax values for pNPGal were determined as 66μM and 2.27nmolesmin-1. In contrast the activity of β– glucosidase was shown to have an optimal operating condition at pH 5.0 and a temperature of 300C. The thermostability of the enzyme was in the range of 270C – 350C with the pH stability in the range of 4.0 – 7.0. The Km and Vmax values for pNPGlu were determined as 121μM and 5.26nmolesmin-1. The presented study is a preliminary work carried out for the standardization of protocols. The purification and characterization of β–galactosidase and β– glucosidase is under progress.
Extraction of β-galactosidase and β-glucosidase from the seeds of Tamarindus ...
The enzymes β–galactosidase and β–glucosidase were extracted from the tamarind seeds using different buffers at different pH. Highest activity was obtained with 10 mM sodium acetate buffer, pH 5.6 and 10 mM tris buffer, pH 7.4. The effect of NaCl and Triton X–100 at different concentrations on the extraction of the enzymes indicated 10 mM sodium acetate buffer, pH 5.6 containing 1 M NaCl as a better extractant of the enzyme. The enzyme assay was carried out using p–nitrophenyl–β–D–galactoside and p–nitrophenyl–β–D–glucoside as substrates. Highest enzyme activities were observed on 6th and 24th day of germination. The protein content gradually decreased upto 5th day of germination and suddenly increased on 6th day. However, on subsequent days of germination, the protein content greatly decreased upto 11th day. During the latter period of germination (18th day onwards) the content remained almost constant. The kinetic parameters varied for both β–galactosidase and β–glucosidase. The activity of β–galactosidase was show to have an optimal operating condition at pH 5.5 and a temperature of 500C. The thermostability of the enzyme was in the range of 400C – 700C with the pH stability in the range of 5.0 – 7.0. The Km and Vmax values for pNPGal were determined as 66μM and 2.27nmolesmin-1. In contrast the activity of β–glucosidase was shown to have an optimal operating condition at pH 5.0 and a temperature of 300C. The thermostability of the enzyme was in the range of 270C – 350C with the pH stability in the range of 4.0 – 7.0. The Km and Vmax values for pNPGlu were determined as 121μM and 5.26nmolesmin-1. The presented study is a preliminary work carried out for the standardization of protocols. The purification and characterization of β–galactosidase and β–glucosidase is under progress.
Physiological Assessments of Sweet Sorghum Inoculated with Azospirillumbrasi...
Physiological Assessments of Sweet Sorghum Inoculated with Azospirillumbrasi...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract—Some factors, such as yield increase and production cost reduction, must still be assessed as a way toimprove the sweet sorghum success prospects. The use of plant growth regulator mixtures has shown significant results in crop yield.Nitrogen assimilation stands out as one of the main limiting factors in plant production. Given the physiological effects of plant growth regulators and their mode of action in the photosynthetic metabolism, the aim of the current study is to assess the physiological responses of sweet sorghum plants inoculated with Azospirillum brasilenseto the use of nitrogen fertilization and plant growth regulators. The experiment comprised split plots, with four repetitions. The treatments comprised nitrogen (0, 40, 80, 120 and 160 kg ha-1) and biostimulant levels (0, 300, 400, 500 and 600 mL ha-1) in sweet sorghum culture inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense. Variables such as gas exchange and total recoverable sugars (TRS%) were assessed. The application of plant growth regulator at the dose 440.7 ml ha-1 showed the highest photosynthetic efficiency up to 46 DAE. According to the experimental conditions, the plant growth regulator treatment had no effect on the TRS %. It is concluded that the plant growth regulator did not affect the production of sugars by the plant. Pszczolkowski et al. 2016 Effect of Craft Brewer's Yeast on Fermentation and ...
Pszczolkowski et al. 2016 Effect of Craft Brewer's Yeast on Fermentation and ...Robert "Rusty" Bryant
This study examined the effects of spent craft brewers' yeast on fermentation and methane production by rumen microorganisms. In vitro experiments were conducted using rumen fluid and microorganisms from cattle and goats exposed to either craft brewers' yeast or a bakers' yeast control. Both experiments found that craft brewers' yeast reduced methane production compared to the control yeast. Craft brewers' yeast also decreased acetic acid production but not propionic acid production. These results suggest that spent craft brewers' yeast, which contains residual hops acids, could be used as a feed supplement for ruminants to reduce methane emissions in a favorable way.Characterization of Proteases Production by Varying Carbon Sources from Bacil...
Characterization of Proteases Production by Varying Carbon Sources from Bacil...SSR Institute of International Journal of Life Sciences
DOI: 10.21276/ijlssr.2016.2.4.21
ABSTRACT in various pha-r mPraocteeuatsiecsa lasr ei ncdlaussst roiafl prraontegoinlygt icfr oenmz ypmoetesn tthiaalt aacgceonut nftos rf ocru aripnpgr oAxIiDmSat,e ltyre 4at5m%e notfs thoef tiontfalla menmzyamtioen s aalneds bviiroumleinnit nwg ooufn dmse, taanlsd lrikeme osdilevlelirn fgr oomf voarreiso uasl opnrgo tewinitsh. Pbiroorteemaseed hiaatsio an garcetaivt ibtyo oonf iwn afsoteo.d Minidcurostbreys, lseeartvhee ra sin ad upsrtreyf,e rarnedd scolausrsc eis ftohre pmroajtoear sperso dauncde rm oafj oprr othteea sceosn etrnizbyumtoer ctoo mthmise ricsi adlelyri.v Tehde f mroamjo rB iascsiulelu bs esintrga itnhse. hBiagchi lclousst soufb stuilbiss trbaetleo tnhgast mtoa tkheiss tohpet imoviezrea lml epdroiad utoct imona xciomsitz he igthhely p eroxdpuenctsiiovne . oAf np raottteemaspets .w Laasc tmoased ew taos ffoorumnudl attoe bmee daina iudseianlg c vaarbrioend scoaurbrcoen asmouorncge st htoe s1e2l9e.c3t emd gc/amrbl own hsiocuhr cweass t hcaotm ypiaerldateidv emlya xleimssu tmhe bni olamcatossse o wf 1h6il0e mthge/ motlh. eSr uccarrobsoen w siothu rac eysi ellidke o mf 1a3lt2o.s5e ,m ggl/umcol saen, dc eglllyucleorsoel, starch were found to be poor in comparison to lactose.
Key-words- Proteases, Bacillus subtilis, optimize media, LactosePRODUCTION AND OPTIMIZATION OF PECTINASE BY BACILLUS SP. ISOLATED FROM VEGETA...
PRODUCTION AND OPTIMIZATION OF PECTINASE BY BACILLUS SP. ISOLATED FROM VEGETA...SUS GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS
Microbial enzymes have shown tremendous potential for different applications. Over the years due to their remarkable features enzymes have occupied the centre stage of all the biochemical and industrial processes. Pectinases are a group of enzymes responsible for the hydrolysis of pectic materials found in plants and are important industrial enzymes. In the present study, pectinase is produced from Bacillus sp. that was isolated from vegetable waste dump soil samples. A total of five isolates showed pectinase production and designated as PPB1 to PPB5. The screened isolates were used as a source of pectinase production using cassava waste as a substrate. Isolate PPB5 showed maximum enzyme activity of 0.641 IU/ml. Pectinase activity was optimized for various parameters like incubation time, temperature, pH, different carbon and nitrogen sources. Enzyme activity was observed maximum at 96 hr of incubation, 35°C temperature and at pH 6. The best carbon was found to be glucose. Among organic and inorganic nitrogen sources yeast extract and ammonium nitrate was founded to be better than other nitrogen sources. Among the five isolates, the isolate PPB5 showed maximum activity at all optimum conditions. This isolate is best producer and can be used in future for further pectinase production.JSIR -AMylase and B-galactosidase
This document summarizes a study that investigated the co-production of the enzymes α-amylase and β-galactosidase by Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis using potato starch waste as a growth substrate. The researchers isolated L. lactis subsp. lactis from pickled yam and found that it was able to efficiently utilize (91.6%) and break down potato starch waste from a potato chips industry. Under optimized conditions of pH, temperature, and potato starch concentration, high levels of α-amylase (17.54 U/mL) and β-galactosidase (25.35 U/mL) were co-produced within 48 hours when the bacteria was grown in
Conversion of crop waste in to pink oyster mushroom pleurotus eous.
This study evaluated 10 locally available crop wastes for their suitability as substrates for growing the pink oyster mushroom Pleurotus eous. The time required for spawn running, pinhead initiation and fruit body maturation was shortest on paddy straw and it produced the highest yield (330g) and biological efficiency (66%). Paddy straw was found to be a better substrate than the control wheat straw for cultivating P. eous mushrooms based on yield and growth parameters. The study demonstrated that agricultural waste materials can be effectively utilized for mushroom cultivation.
Influence of Plant Growth Regulators and Explant Type on Multiple Shoot Induc...
Influence of Plant Growth Regulators and Explant Type on Multiple Shoot Induc...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— Sesamum indicum L. is used as an important oil crop in the world. For establishing of a simple and a rapid system for in vitro culture of sesame shoot tips and hypocotyls explants were cultured on MS media with differtent combinations and concentrations of PGRs. On medium with 5 mgl-1BA plus 1 mgl-1 IAA and 1 mgl-1 ABA mutliple shoot induction on explants was occurred. Multiple shoot indution on medium supplemented with 2 mgl-1BA and 0.3 mgl-1 NAA happen with a short phase of callusing. Also MS medium with 3 mgl-1 2,4-D and 0.5 mgl-1 kinetin was a suitable medium for inducing of somatic embryogenic calli with the frequency of sub-culturing potential. Regenerated shoots on both media rooted on MS medium plus 1.5 mgl-1 NAA and 0.03 mgl-1 BA and whole regenerated plantlets formed.Optimization of Cultural Parameters for Cellulase Enzyme Production from Fung...
Cellulalytic fungi synthesize cellulose enzyme for biodegradation of cellulose. This depends on various condition which include the source f isolation. This study was designed to determine the optimum condition necessary for cellulose production by fungi. Cellulose activities at different temperatures, pH and nitrogen sources by Rhizopus oryzae Aspergillus niger; A. flams, P. expansum and A. oryzae in liquid medium was studied and cellulose enzyme assay carried out by dinitrosalicylic acid method. All the fungal isolates have their highest cellulose activity at 400c except Penicillium expansum whose highest value of 1.28mg/ml was obtained at 320c. Cellulase produced 6m was found to be highest in all the isolate at pH 4.0 exception P expansum which occur at pH 5.5 (1.21mg/ml). The highest value e1.45mg/ml was obtained in A niger. Highest cellulose activity for A. niger, A. oryzae & P. expansum occurred in peptone. The study shows the need to determine the best physiological condition that allow for the optimal cellulose activity of fungal isolate. This will enhance their enzyme production.
loumauSP1-2
This document describes a study aiming to develop transgenic soybean plants that can produce fagopyritols, compounds analogous to mediators deficient in type 2 diabetes patients. Researchers transformed soybean tissue culture using Agrobacterium harboring genes encoding fagopyritol synthase enzymes from buckwheat. PCR confirmed transfer of the synthetic genes into the soybean genome. The goal is for the transgenic plants to produce fagopyritols from substrates naturally found in soybeans, providing an affordable plant-based treatment for type 2 diabetes.
Developments in Oat Molecular Biology
A number of developments have been made in the molecular biology of oat (Avena spp.) in recent years. Many of these were recently described at the Fourth International Oat Conference, held on 18 to 23 October, in Adelaide, South Australia. These advances include a report of oat transformation and regeneration, the characterisation of J3-glucanase genes in oat, the further development of a molecular genetic map in oats, and the characterisation of genes encoding novel oat grain proteins. A technique for assessing pedigrees in the oat and other cereal crops has been reported using a modified electrophoretic technique.
Biological activity of biobras and Pectimorf-6 in each of the phases of micro...
Biological activity of biobras and Pectimorf-6 in each of the phases of micro...Journal of Research in Biology
The use of biotechnology in the propagation of plantain and
banana (Musa sp.) of great importance to induce, tolerant to plant genotypes for
diseases and high yield potentials. However, auxins and cytokinins should be used,
which are expensive and can sometimes cause changes in the regenerants obtained.
Both traditional growth regulators (auxins and cytokinins) and non-traditional growth
regulators (brassinosteroid analogues and mixtures oligogalacturonide) are used in
the in vitro propagation of crops, but mush progress has been hindering due to the
sufficient knowledge and impact of different phases prevailing in the
micropropagation of banana hybrid 'FHIA-18' (AAAB) is present hitherto. This work
was performed in order to evaluate the biological activity of an analogue of
brassinosteroids (Biobras-6) *ABr+ and a mixture of oligogalacturonide with the degree
of polymerization between 9 and 16 (Pectimorf) *mOLG+. The effect of ABr and mOLG
are determined as a substitute or complement of auxin (IBA or IAA) and cytokinin (6-
BAP) for the establishment of in vitro multiplication and rooting of plantlets and in the
acclimatization phase. Non-traditional regulators phenolization decrease the explant
growth in the establishment phase of in vitro propagation; but increased the number
of shoots per explants (above 3.5) and improved survival of vitro plant during the
acclimatization phase.Proteomic analysis of the interaction between the plant growth promoting fhiz...
Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) facilitate the plant growth and enhance their
induced systemic resistance (ISR) against a variety of environmental stresses. In this study,
we carried out integrative analyses on the proteome, transcriptome, and metabolome to investigate
Arabidopsis root and shoot responses to the well-known PGPR strain Paenibacillus
polymyxa (P. polymyxa) E681. Shoot fresh and root dry weights were increased, whereas root
length was decreased by treatment with P. polymyxa E681. 2DE approach in conjunction
with MALDI-TOF/TOF analysis revealed a total of 41 (17 spots in root, 24 spots in shoot)
that were differentially expressed in response to P. polymyxa E681. Biological process- and
molecular function-based bioinformatics analysis resulted in their classification into seven different
protein groups. Of these, 36 proteins including amino acid metabolism, antioxidant,
defense and stress response, photosynthesis, and plant hormone-related proteins were upregulated,
whereas five proteins including three carbohydrate metabolism- and one amino
acid metabolism-related, and one unknown protein were down-regulated, respectively. A good
correlation was observed between protein and transcript abundances for the 12 differentially
expressed proteins during interactions as determined by qPCR analysis. Metabolite analysis
using LC-MS/MS revealed highly increased levels of tryptophan, indole-3-acetonitrile (IAN),
indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and camalexin in the treated plants. Arabidopsis plant inoculated
P. polymyxa E681 also showed resistance to Botrytis cinerea infection. Taken together these
results suggest that P. polymyxa E681 may promote plant growth by induced metabolism and
activation of defense-related proteins against fungal pathogen.
Oxidative enzymes activity in sugarcane juice as a function of the planting s...
Oxidative enzymes activity in sugarcane juice as a function of the planting s...Ana Maria Lozano Florez
This study examined the effects of different sugarcane planting systems, soil coverings, and hydrogel polymer treatments on the oxidative enzyme activity in sugarcane juice. Samples were taken from sugarcane crops monthly for eight months and analyzed for polyphenoloxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD) enzyme activity. The results showed that soil coverings and planting systems did not impact enzyme activity levels. However, hydrogel polymer treatments increased PPO activity, particularly in furrow planting systems. Enzyme activities also fluctuated over the course of the experimental months.Plant distribution and pharmacological activity of flavonoids
Abstract Flavonoids are natural organic compounds that are widely found in nature, their structural types are complex, and they mainly include flavonoids, flavonols, dihydroflavonols, isoflavones, dihydroisoflavones, chalcones, orange ketones, flavanoids, anthocyanidins, and biflavonoids. This review covers the plant distribution and pharmacological activities of flavonoids. Flavonoids are mainly distributed in angiosperms and gymnosperms, and they are abundant in plants such as Rutaceae, Labiatae, Zingiberaceae, Scrophulariaceae, and Leguminosae. Because of their wide distribution and variety, researchers have found that flavonoids have diverse biological activities, mainly focusing on anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antitumor activities. Mechanistically, the anti-inflammatory effects are mainly related to the NF-κB and MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) signaling pathway and then the inhibition of the production of inflammatory cytokines and mediators. The antibacterial activity is mainly manifested as inhibitory effects on many strains, including Escherichia coli, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, via destroying the stability of the microbial membrane, inhibiting the invasion of virulent bacteria into host cells, promoting the apoptosis of bacteria, inhibiting bacterial fatty acid synthesis, etc. The antitumor activity of flavonoids is related to their inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis via the mitochondria-mediated, endoplasmic reticulum-mediated, and death factor and its receptor-mediated signal transduction pathways. Understanding the plant distribution and pharmacological activity of flavonoids not only reveals the importance of identifying such valuable flavonoids in another genus or family but also provides a basis for fully exploiting the therapeutic potential of flavonoids.
Gus staining and reporter gene
- β-glucuronidase (GUS) is a commonly used reporter gene in plant molecular biology and genetic engineering to indicate successful introduction of foreign DNA into cells.
- GUS expression can be detected through fluorometric or histochemical assays, allowing visualization of promoter activity, protein localization, and transgenic events.
- The GUS gene is fused to genes of interest, and GUS activity is used to study processes like tissue-specific expression, response to stresses, and transformation efficiency.
- While destructive, GUS is a stable and non-toxic reporter enabling versatile applications in fundamental and applied plant research.
Bioactivity evaluation study of phytochemicals in Gouania longipetala ethanol...
Bioactivity evaluation study of phytochemicals in Gouania longipetala ethanol...International journal of scientific and technical research in engineering (IJSTRE)
The document describes a study that evaluated the bioactive phytochemicals in Gouania longipetala using GC-MS analysis. Eight phytochemicals were identified in the ethanol leaf extract: 11,14-octadecadienoic acid; Hexadecanoic acid; 9,11-octadecadienoic acid; 9,12,15-Octadecatrien-1-ol; 9-Octadecenoic acid; Ethyl palmitate; 17-carboxyheptadec-9-en-1-ylium; and Glutaric acid, isobutyl 2-nitrophenyl ester. Many of these compounds showed bioactivities like inhibitingGenetic Variability for Antioxidant Activity and Total Phenolic Content in Fo...
Genetic Variability for Antioxidant Activity and Total Phenolic Content in Fo...CrimsonpublishersNTNF
This document reports on a study that assessed genetic variability for total phenolic content and antioxidant activity in 139 genotypes of four pulse crops: chickpea, lentil, pigeonpea, and blackgram. Significant genetic variation was found for both total phenolic content and antioxidant activity across all genotypes. Blackgram genotypes had the highest mean phenolic content and antioxidant activity, followed by pigeonpea, chickpea, and lentil. Within each crop, phenolic content and antioxidant activity varied between genotypes. Highly significant correlations between phenolic content and antioxidant activity were found for all crops except pigeonpea. The study indicates genetic diversity exists that can be exploited for improving antioxidant levels in these important pulse crops.Ozone effects on plants...
The document summarizes a study that examined the effects of different concentrations of tropospheric ozone exposure on soybean plants through proteomic analysis. It found that ozone exposure significantly altered the expression and oxidation states of proteins involved in important metabolic pathways like carbon metabolism and nitrogen homeostasis. In particular, proteins related to photosynthesis like RuBisCO showed increased oxidation and expression with higher ozone levels, which could reduce their catalytic activity and photosynthetic capacity.
Isolation and characterization of plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) from...
Isolation and characterization of plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) from...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
This document summarizes a study that isolated and characterized plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) from two types of anaerobic digestates - mesophilic and thermophilic. Higher numbers of cultivable Bacillus and Pseudomonas bacteria were found in the mesophilic digestate. A total of 200 bacteria isolates from each digestate were screened for plant growth promoting traits. 25 isolates from the mesophilic digestate and 12 from the thermophilic digestate showed traits like phosphate solubilization, siderophore production, auxin production, or antifungal activity. Six selected isolates were then tested on wheat seedlings and all significantly promoted growth, increasing stem length by 28.5-38.6%chemical hybridizing agent in wheat
1) The document discusses the use of the chemical hybridization agent SQ-1 to induce male sterility in wheat plants. It investigates the effects of SQ-1 on anther and microspore development, flag leaf morphology, and mitochondrial function.
2) Application of SQ-1 led to abnormal tapetum and microspore development, DNA fragmentation in anthers, and oxidative stress responses in both anthers and flag leaves. This caused pollen abortion and full male sterility.
3) The study found that SQ-1 inhibits the mitochondrial electron transport chain, increasing reactive oxygen species in mitochondria. This mitochondrial dysfunction appears to cause tapetal apoptosis and lead to male sterility through
Recent advances in respiration in Arabidopsis thaliana
This document discusses recent advances in respiration research in the model organism Arabidopsis thaliana. It describes how A. thaliana is used as a model organism due to its small genome, rapid lifecycle, self-pollination, and experimental accessibility. The document outlines the key processes in respiration, including glycolysis, the TCA cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. It summarizes recent research findings on how specific glycolytic enzymes impact processes like stomatal movement, flowering, and stress responses. The conclusion states that while no major breakthroughs have occurred, research focuses on understanding the molecular mechanisms and regulation of plant respiration and its role in growth, development, and environmental responses.
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ABSTRACT in various pha-r mPraocteeuatsiecsa lasr ei ncdlaussst roiafl prraontegoinlygt icfr oenmz ypmoetesn tthiaalt aacgceonut nftos rf ocru aripnpgr oAxIiDmSat,e ltyre 4at5m%e notfs thoef tiontfalla menmzyamtioen s aalneds bviiroumleinnit nwg ooufn dmse, taanlsd lrikeme osdilevlelirn fgr oomf voarreiso uasl opnrgo tewinitsh. Pbiroorteemaseed hiaatsio an garcetaivt ibtyo oonf iwn afsoteo.d Minidcurostbreys, lseeartvhee ra sin ad upsrtreyf,e rarnedd scolausrsc eis ftohre pmroajtoear sperso dauncde rm oafj oprr othteea sceosn etrnizbyumtoer ctoo mthmise ricsi adlelyri.v Tehde f mroamjo rB iascsiulelu bs esintrga itnhse. hBiagchi lclousst soufb stuilbiss trbaetleo tnhgast mtoa tkheiss tohpet imoviezrea lml epdroiad utoct imona xciomsitz he igthhely p eroxdpuenctsiiovne . oAf np raottteemaspets .w Laasc tmoased ew taos ffoorumnudl attoe bmee daina iudseianlg c vaarbrioend scoaurbrcoen asmouorncge st htoe s1e2l9e.c3t emd gc/amrbl own hsiocuhr cweass t hcaotm ypiaerldateidv emlya xleimssu tmhe bni olamcatossse o wf 1h6il0e mthge/ motlh. eSr uccarrobsoen w siothu rac eysi ellidke o mf 1a3lt2o.s5e ,m ggl/umcol saen, dc eglllyucleorsoel, starch were found to be poor in comparison to lactose.
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Microbial enzymes have shown tremendous potential for different applications. Over the years due to their remarkable features enzymes have occupied the centre stage of all the biochemical and industrial processes. Pectinases are a group of enzymes responsible for the hydrolysis of pectic materials found in plants and are important industrial enzymes. In the present study, pectinase is produced from Bacillus sp. that was isolated from vegetable waste dump soil samples. A total of five isolates showed pectinase production and designated as PPB1 to PPB5. The screened isolates were used as a source of pectinase production using cassava waste as a substrate. Isolate PPB5 showed maximum enzyme activity of 0.641 IU/ml. Pectinase activity was optimized for various parameters like incubation time, temperature, pH, different carbon and nitrogen sources. Enzyme activity was observed maximum at 96 hr of incubation, 35°C temperature and at pH 6. The best carbon was found to be glucose. Among organic and inorganic nitrogen sources yeast extract and ammonium nitrate was founded to be better than other nitrogen sources. Among the five isolates, the isolate PPB5 showed maximum activity at all optimum conditions. This isolate is best producer and can be used in future for further pectinase production.JSIR -AMylase and B-galactosidase
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Abstract— Sesamum indicum L. is used as an important oil crop in the world. For establishing of a simple and a rapid system for in vitro culture of sesame shoot tips and hypocotyls explants were cultured on MS media with differtent combinations and concentrations of PGRs. On medium with 5 mgl-1BA plus 1 mgl-1 IAA and 1 mgl-1 ABA mutliple shoot induction on explants was occurred. Multiple shoot indution on medium supplemented with 2 mgl-1BA and 0.3 mgl-1 NAA happen with a short phase of callusing. Also MS medium with 3 mgl-1 2,4-D and 0.5 mgl-1 kinetin was a suitable medium for inducing of somatic embryogenic calli with the frequency of sub-culturing potential. Regenerated shoots on both media rooted on MS medium plus 1.5 mgl-1 NAA and 0.03 mgl-1 BA and whole regenerated plantlets formed.Optimization of Cultural Parameters for Cellulase Enzyme Production from Fung...
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The use of biotechnology in the propagation of plantain and
banana (Musa sp.) of great importance to induce, tolerant to plant genotypes for
diseases and high yield potentials. However, auxins and cytokinins should be used,
which are expensive and can sometimes cause changes in the regenerants obtained.
Both traditional growth regulators (auxins and cytokinins) and non-traditional growth
regulators (brassinosteroid analogues and mixtures oligogalacturonide) are used in
the in vitro propagation of crops, but mush progress has been hindering due to the
sufficient knowledge and impact of different phases prevailing in the
micropropagation of banana hybrid 'FHIA-18' (AAAB) is present hitherto. This work
was performed in order to evaluate the biological activity of an analogue of
brassinosteroids (Biobras-6) *ABr+ and a mixture of oligogalacturonide with the degree
of polymerization between 9 and 16 (Pectimorf) *mOLG+. The effect of ABr and mOLG
are determined as a substitute or complement of auxin (IBA or IAA) and cytokinin (6-
BAP) for the establishment of in vitro multiplication and rooting of plantlets and in the
acclimatization phase. Non-traditional regulators phenolization decrease the explant
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induced systemic resistance (ISR) against a variety of environmental stresses. In this study,
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polymyxa (P. polymyxa) E681. Shoot fresh and root dry weights were increased, whereas root
length was decreased by treatment with P. polymyxa E681. 2DE approach in conjunction
with MALDI-TOF/TOF analysis revealed a total of 41 (17 spots in root, 24 spots in shoot)
that were differentially expressed in response to P. polymyxa E681. Biological process- and
molecular function-based bioinformatics analysis resulted in their classification into seven different
protein groups. Of these, 36 proteins including amino acid metabolism, antioxidant,
defense and stress response, photosynthesis, and plant hormone-related proteins were upregulated,
whereas five proteins including three carbohydrate metabolism- and one amino
acid metabolism-related, and one unknown protein were down-regulated, respectively. A good
correlation was observed between protein and transcript abundances for the 12 differentially
expressed proteins during interactions as determined by qPCR analysis. Metabolite analysis
using LC-MS/MS revealed highly increased levels of tryptophan, indole-3-acetonitrile (IAN),
indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and camalexin in the treated plants. Arabidopsis plant inoculated
P. polymyxa E681 also showed resistance to Botrytis cinerea infection. Taken together these
results suggest that P. polymyxa E681 may promote plant growth by induced metabolism and
activation of defense-related proteins against fungal pathogen.
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Abstract Flavonoids are natural organic compounds that are widely found in nature, their structural types are complex, and they mainly include flavonoids, flavonols, dihydroflavonols, isoflavones, dihydroisoflavones, chalcones, orange ketones, flavanoids, anthocyanidins, and biflavonoids. This review covers the plant distribution and pharmacological activities of flavonoids. Flavonoids are mainly distributed in angiosperms and gymnosperms, and they are abundant in plants such as Rutaceae, Labiatae, Zingiberaceae, Scrophulariaceae, and Leguminosae. Because of their wide distribution and variety, researchers have found that flavonoids have diverse biological activities, mainly focusing on anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antitumor activities. Mechanistically, the anti-inflammatory effects are mainly related to the NF-κB and MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) signaling pathway and then the inhibition of the production of inflammatory cytokines and mediators. The antibacterial activity is mainly manifested as inhibitory effects on many strains, including Escherichia coli, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, via destroying the stability of the microbial membrane, inhibiting the invasion of virulent bacteria into host cells, promoting the apoptosis of bacteria, inhibiting bacterial fatty acid synthesis, etc. The antitumor activity of flavonoids is related to their inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis via the mitochondria-mediated, endoplasmic reticulum-mediated, and death factor and its receptor-mediated signal transduction pathways. Understanding the plant distribution and pharmacological activity of flavonoids not only reveals the importance of identifying such valuable flavonoids in another genus or family but also provides a basis for fully exploiting the therapeutic potential of flavonoids.
Gus staining and reporter gene
- β-glucuronidase (GUS) is a commonly used reporter gene in plant molecular biology and genetic engineering to indicate successful introduction of foreign DNA into cells.
- GUS expression can be detected through fluorometric or histochemical assays, allowing visualization of promoter activity, protein localization, and transgenic events.
- The GUS gene is fused to genes of interest, and GUS activity is used to study processes like tissue-specific expression, response to stresses, and transformation efficiency.
- While destructive, GUS is a stable and non-toxic reporter enabling versatile applications in fundamental and applied plant research.
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This document reports on a study that assessed genetic variability for total phenolic content and antioxidant activity in 139 genotypes of four pulse crops: chickpea, lentil, pigeonpea, and blackgram. Significant genetic variation was found for both total phenolic content and antioxidant activity across all genotypes. Blackgram genotypes had the highest mean phenolic content and antioxidant activity, followed by pigeonpea, chickpea, and lentil. Within each crop, phenolic content and antioxidant activity varied between genotypes. Highly significant correlations between phenolic content and antioxidant activity were found for all crops except pigeonpea. The study indicates genetic diversity exists that can be exploited for improving antioxidant levels in these important pulse crops.Ozone effects on plants...
The document summarizes a study that examined the effects of different concentrations of tropospheric ozone exposure on soybean plants through proteomic analysis. It found that ozone exposure significantly altered the expression and oxidation states of proteins involved in important metabolic pathways like carbon metabolism and nitrogen homeostasis. In particular, proteins related to photosynthesis like RuBisCO showed increased oxidation and expression with higher ozone levels, which could reduce their catalytic activity and photosynthetic capacity.
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1) The document discusses the use of the chemical hybridization agent SQ-1 to induce male sterility in wheat plants. It investigates the effects of SQ-1 on anther and microspore development, flag leaf morphology, and mitochondrial function.
2) Application of SQ-1 led to abnormal tapetum and microspore development, DNA fragmentation in anthers, and oxidative stress responses in both anthers and flag leaves. This caused pollen abortion and full male sterility.
3) The study found that SQ-1 inhibits the mitochondrial electron transport chain, increasing reactive oxygen species in mitochondria. This mitochondrial dysfunction appears to cause tapetal apoptosis and lead to male sterility through
Recent advances in respiration in Arabidopsis thaliana
This document discusses recent advances in respiration research in the model organism Arabidopsis thaliana. It describes how A. thaliana is used as a model organism due to its small genome, rapid lifecycle, self-pollination, and experimental accessibility. The document outlines the key processes in respiration, including glycolysis, the TCA cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. It summarizes recent research findings on how specific glycolytic enzymes impact processes like stomatal movement, flowering, and stress responses. The conclusion states that while no major breakthroughs have occurred, research focuses on understanding the molecular mechanisms and regulation of plant respiration and its role in growth, development, and environmental responses.
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Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docx
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
RHEOLOGY Physical pharmaceutics-II notes for B.pharm 4th sem students
Physical pharmaceutics notes for B.pharm students
বাংলাদেশ অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা (Economic Review) ২০২৪ UJS App.pdf
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
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Wound healing PPT
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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BBR 2024 Summer Sessions Interview Training
Qualitative research interview training by Professor Katrina Pritchard and Dr Helen Williams
Advanced Java[Extra Concepts, Not Difficult].docx
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How to deliver Powerpoint Presentations.pptx
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Solutons Maths Escape Room Spatial .pptx
Solutions of Puzzles of Mathematics Escape Room Game in Spatial.io
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation results
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective UpskillingExcellence Foundation for South Sudan
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) Curriculum
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
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RHEOLOGY Physical pharmaceutics-II notes for B.pharm 4th sem students
RHEOLOGY Physical pharmaceutics-II notes for B.pharm 4th sem students
বাংলাদেশ অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা (Economic Review) ২০২৪ UJS App.pdf
বাংলাদেশ অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা (Economic Review) ২০২৪ UJS App.pdf
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
Film vocab for eal 3 students: Australia the movie
Film vocab for eal 3 students: Australia the movie
Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...
Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) Curriculum
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) Curriculum
Formation and Degradation of Starch in Pollen of Transgenic Tobacco
- 1. Abstract of Applied Sciences and Engineering, 2016, Vol.7 DOI: 10.18488/journal.1001/2016.7/1001.7 7th International Scientific Conference on Applied Sciences and Engineering 27-28 February, 2016 Flora Grand Hotel, Dubai Conference Website: www.scihost.org 1 Paper ID: 04/16/ 7 th ISCASE Formation and Degradation of Starch in Pollen of Transgenic Tobacco Bright Chima Megbo1 1 Director of Academic Planning and Professor of Biological Sciences, Federal University Wukari, Nigeria Abstract Half of the pollen population from the plants expressing the β-glucosidase was found to be sterile. The pollen development was divided into six development stages/phases which correlated with distinct cytological characteristics. On the basis of microscopic and histochemical studies, using X-glc (5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-β-D- glycopyranoside) as substrate, β-glucosidase activity was found in half the pollen of the transgenic tobacco plants. The dynamics of starch metabolism in the developing pollen of positive plants (i.e. plants expressing Zm-p60.1 in the leaf) in comparison to that of the negative plants (i.e. plants not expressing Zm-p60.1 in the leaf), was studied in order to elucidate the possible role of Zm-p60.1 in starch metabolism. Detection of the β-glucosidase (Zm-p60.1) was achieved using β-glucosidase histochemical and biochemical assays. The activities of selected enzymes of sucrose metabolism (UDPG-pyrophosphorylase) and starch metabolism (ADPG-pyrophosphorylase, starch- phosphorylase, and amylase) were biochemically analyzed. Histochemical studies with potassium iodide revealed that 50% of the pollen of the positive plants (i.e. tobacco plants expressing β-glucosidase activity) exhibited normal starch accumulation. Biochemical determination of starch revealed that the pollen expressing Zm-p60.1 contained significantly lower amount of starch in comparison to the pollen from negative plants (i.e. tobacco plants not expressing β-glucosidase activity). About 50% of the pollen population expressing Zmp-60.1 has decreased starch content. The same starchless pollen exhibited β-glucosidase activity. Keywords: β-glucosidase, Zm-p60.1, Enzymes of starch metabolism, Transgenic tobacco, Transcription inhibitors, Pollen stages, Biochemical and histochemical assays, Transformants, Streptomycine resistant Cytokinins; etc