Cellulalytic fungi synthesize cellulose enzyme for biodegradation of cellulose. This depends on various condition which include the source f isolation. This study was designed to determine the optimum condition necessary for cellulose production by fungi. Cellulose activities at different temperatures, pH and nitrogen sources by Rhizopus oryzae Aspergillus niger; A. flams, P. expansum and A. oryzae in liquid medium was studied and cellulose enzyme assay carried out by dinitrosalicylic acid method. All the fungal isolates have their highest cellulose activity at 400c except Penicillium expansum whose highest value of 1.28mg/ml was obtained at 320c. Cellulase produced 6m was found to be highest in all the isolate at pH 4.0 exception P expansum which occur at pH 5.5 (1.21mg/ml). The highest value e1.45mg/ml was obtained in A niger. Highest cellulose activity for A. niger, A. oryzae & P. expansum occurred in peptone. The study shows the need to determine the best physiological condition that allow for the optimal cellulose activity of fungal isolate. This will enhance their enzyme production.
Effect of Different Physico-Chemical Parameters on Production ofAmylase by Ba...IOSR Journals
The present study is concerned with the production of amylase by Bacillus species strain. In this
study 12 bacterial strains were isolated and screened for their α-amylase activity. These strains were
maintained on nutrient agar medium. Fermentation for the production of amylase was carried out in the enzyme
production medium (EPM). All the 12 strains were tested for amylase production. On the basis of maximum
amylase activity strain no.1 was selected for further studies. Different starch concentrations, 0.75,1.00,1.25%,
pH labels 6.5,7.0,7.5,8.0, aeration (RPM), 100,120,140, temperatures 250C,280C,370C, and 400C and inoculums
level 0.5%,1.0%, 1.5% and 2.0% were studied
Fungal cellulase xylanase production and corresponding hydrolysis using pretr...zhenhua82
Three pretreated corn stover (ammonia fiber expansion, dilute acid, and dilute alkali) were used as carbon source to culture Trichoderma reesei Rut C-30 for cellulase and xylanase production. The results indicated that the cultures on ammonia fiber expansion and alkali pretreated corn stover had better enzyme production than the acid pretreated ones. The consequent enzymatic hydrolysis was performed applying fungal enzymes on pretreated corn stover samples. Tukey’s statistical comparisons exhibited that there were significant differences on enzymatic hydrolysis among different combination of fungal enzymes and pretreated corn stover. The higher sugar yields were achieved by the enzymatic hydrolysis of dilute alkali pretreated corn stover.
Effect of Different Physico-Chemical Parameters on Production ofAmylase by Ba...IOSR Journals
The present study is concerned with the production of amylase by Bacillus species strain. In this
study 12 bacterial strains were isolated and screened for their α-amylase activity. These strains were
maintained on nutrient agar medium. Fermentation for the production of amylase was carried out in the enzyme
production medium (EPM). All the 12 strains were tested for amylase production. On the basis of maximum
amylase activity strain no.1 was selected for further studies. Different starch concentrations, 0.75,1.00,1.25%,
pH labels 6.5,7.0,7.5,8.0, aeration (RPM), 100,120,140, temperatures 250C,280C,370C, and 400C and inoculums
level 0.5%,1.0%, 1.5% and 2.0% were studied
Fungal cellulase xylanase production and corresponding hydrolysis using pretr...zhenhua82
Three pretreated corn stover (ammonia fiber expansion, dilute acid, and dilute alkali) were used as carbon source to culture Trichoderma reesei Rut C-30 for cellulase and xylanase production. The results indicated that the cultures on ammonia fiber expansion and alkali pretreated corn stover had better enzyme production than the acid pretreated ones. The consequent enzymatic hydrolysis was performed applying fungal enzymes on pretreated corn stover samples. Tukey’s statistical comparisons exhibited that there were significant differences on enzymatic hydrolysis among different combination of fungal enzymes and pretreated corn stover. The higher sugar yields were achieved by the enzymatic hydrolysis of dilute alkali pretreated corn stover.
Study on the Use of Agricultural Wastes for Cellulase Production by Using Asp...IOSR Journals
It was the goal to investigate the Cellulase enzyme production ability of fungal strains such as
Aspergillus niger against the lignocellulosic bio-waste like Rice husks, Millet husks, Maize cobs, Wheat straws
and leaves at varying environmental parameters of pH, substrate concentration and dry weight and wet weight.
The enzyme production was analyzed individually by Miller‘s modified method of Dinitrosalicylic acid ( DNSA
). In this study the high level of enzyme production was achieved at pH 3 by using Rice husks, Millet husks,
Maize cobs, Wheat straws and leaves and pH 4 by using Maize cobs at varying substrate concentrations. Out of
all the five used substrates rice husks gave the higher production of the cellulose enzyme. The importance of
cellulase enzyme in industries cannot be over emphasized.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Kinetic study of free and immobilized protease from Aspergillus sp.IOSR Journals
In the present investigation partially purified alkaline protease from Aspergillus sp. As#6 and As#7 strains were entrapped in calcium alginate beads and characterized using casein as a substrate. Temperature and pH maxima of protease from As#6 strain showed no changes before and after immobilization and remained stable at 450C and pH 9, respectively. However km value was slightly shifted from 4.5mg/ml to 5 mg/ml. Proteases from As#7 strain showed shifting in pH optima to a more alkaline range (10.0) as compared with free enzyme (9.0). Optimum temperature for protease from As#7 strain showed changes after immobilization and shifted from 650C to 850C. However there was no significant effect on Km value but Vmax of immobilized protease from As#7 strain was also shifted from 200U/ml to 370U/ml. Immobilized protease from As#6 strain was reused for 3 cycles with 22% loss in its activity whereas immobilize protease from As#7 strain was reused for 3 cycles with 17% loss in its activity. Protease from As#7 strain has a higher affinity for the substrate and higher proteolysis activity than protease from As#6 strain. The present work concludes that Aspergillus As#7 strain may be a good source of industrial protease
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Impact of anthelmintic efficacy of Calotropis procera on tegumental enzymes o...iosrphr_editor
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
Optimization of process parameters for l asparaginase production by aspergill...eSAT Journals
Abstract L-asparaginase (L-asparagine amido hydrolase, E.C.3.5.1.1) is an extra cellular enzyme that has received considerable attention since it is used as an anticancer agent. L-asparaginase belongs to an amidase group that hydrolyses the amide bond in L-asparagine to aspartic acid and ammonia. The clinical action of this enzyme as an anti-carcinogenic is attributed to the reduction of L-asparagine; tumour cells unable to synthesise this amino acid are selectively killed by L-asparagine deprivation. L-Asparaginase has its application in food industry also. It helps in reducing the content of acrylamide in baked food products by hydrolysing the L-asparagine. L-Asparaginase is majorly produced by microorganisms including bacteria, yeast and fungi. The potential of Aspergillus terreus MTCC 1782 using cauliflower stalk: corn ears (3.75: 1.25) as substrate under SSF is the purpose of the study. Solid state fermentation (SSF) is a very effective technique opposed to submerged fermentation in various aspects. Various fermentation parameters such as types of agro material, their ratios, carbon source, nitrogen source, inoculum level, moisture content, temperature, pH, fermentation time, metal salts, and L-asparagine concentration, which influence the rate of enzyme production under SSF, were optimized. The optimized production of L-asparaginase has been obtained at 35°C for 4 days with a pH of 9.0, along with 50% moisture content, and 20% inoculum volume as the optimized fermentation conditions. The optimization was done using a ‘one-factor-at-a-time’ approach. The highest yield was obtained with, sucrose (1%w/v), ammonium sulphate (1%w/v), NaCl (1%w/v), L-asparagine (1%w/w), added to the fermentation medium, as supplements. Use of cauliflower stalk along with corn ear as potential raw materials for enzyme production could be of great commercial significance. Keywords: L-asparaginase, chemotherapeutic agent, Aspergillus terreus, SSF, mixed substrate, optimization
IJPCBS 2012, 2(1), 110-116 Kavya et al. ISSN: 2249-9504
110
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL, CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
Available online at www.ijpcbs.com
ISOLATION AND SCREENING OF STREPTOMYCES SP. FROM
CORINGA MANGROVE SOILS FOR ENZYME PRODUCTION AND
ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY
M. Kavya Deepthi1*, M. Solomon Sudhakar1 and M. Nagalakshmi Devamma2 1Department of Biotechnology, Rajalakshmi Engineering College, Thandalam, 2Department of Botany, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pr Taadmesihln, aInddui,a I.n dia.
Study on the Use of Agricultural Wastes for Cellulase Production by Using Asp...IOSR Journals
It was the goal to investigate the Cellulase enzyme production ability of fungal strains such as
Aspergillus niger against the lignocellulosic bio-waste like Rice husks, Millet husks, Maize cobs, Wheat straws
and leaves at varying environmental parameters of pH, substrate concentration and dry weight and wet weight.
The enzyme production was analyzed individually by Miller‘s modified method of Dinitrosalicylic acid ( DNSA
). In this study the high level of enzyme production was achieved at pH 3 by using Rice husks, Millet husks,
Maize cobs, Wheat straws and leaves and pH 4 by using Maize cobs at varying substrate concentrations. Out of
all the five used substrates rice husks gave the higher production of the cellulose enzyme. The importance of
cellulase enzyme in industries cannot be over emphasized.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Kinetic study of free and immobilized protease from Aspergillus sp.IOSR Journals
In the present investigation partially purified alkaline protease from Aspergillus sp. As#6 and As#7 strains were entrapped in calcium alginate beads and characterized using casein as a substrate. Temperature and pH maxima of protease from As#6 strain showed no changes before and after immobilization and remained stable at 450C and pH 9, respectively. However km value was slightly shifted from 4.5mg/ml to 5 mg/ml. Proteases from As#7 strain showed shifting in pH optima to a more alkaline range (10.0) as compared with free enzyme (9.0). Optimum temperature for protease from As#7 strain showed changes after immobilization and shifted from 650C to 850C. However there was no significant effect on Km value but Vmax of immobilized protease from As#7 strain was also shifted from 200U/ml to 370U/ml. Immobilized protease from As#6 strain was reused for 3 cycles with 22% loss in its activity whereas immobilize protease from As#7 strain was reused for 3 cycles with 17% loss in its activity. Protease from As#7 strain has a higher affinity for the substrate and higher proteolysis activity than protease from As#6 strain. The present work concludes that Aspergillus As#7 strain may be a good source of industrial protease
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Impact of anthelmintic efficacy of Calotropis procera on tegumental enzymes o...iosrphr_editor
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
Optimization of process parameters for l asparaginase production by aspergill...eSAT Journals
Abstract L-asparaginase (L-asparagine amido hydrolase, E.C.3.5.1.1) is an extra cellular enzyme that has received considerable attention since it is used as an anticancer agent. L-asparaginase belongs to an amidase group that hydrolyses the amide bond in L-asparagine to aspartic acid and ammonia. The clinical action of this enzyme as an anti-carcinogenic is attributed to the reduction of L-asparagine; tumour cells unable to synthesise this amino acid are selectively killed by L-asparagine deprivation. L-Asparaginase has its application in food industry also. It helps in reducing the content of acrylamide in baked food products by hydrolysing the L-asparagine. L-Asparaginase is majorly produced by microorganisms including bacteria, yeast and fungi. The potential of Aspergillus terreus MTCC 1782 using cauliflower stalk: corn ears (3.75: 1.25) as substrate under SSF is the purpose of the study. Solid state fermentation (SSF) is a very effective technique opposed to submerged fermentation in various aspects. Various fermentation parameters such as types of agro material, their ratios, carbon source, nitrogen source, inoculum level, moisture content, temperature, pH, fermentation time, metal salts, and L-asparagine concentration, which influence the rate of enzyme production under SSF, were optimized. The optimized production of L-asparaginase has been obtained at 35°C for 4 days with a pH of 9.0, along with 50% moisture content, and 20% inoculum volume as the optimized fermentation conditions. The optimization was done using a ‘one-factor-at-a-time’ approach. The highest yield was obtained with, sucrose (1%w/v), ammonium sulphate (1%w/v), NaCl (1%w/v), L-asparagine (1%w/w), added to the fermentation medium, as supplements. Use of cauliflower stalk along with corn ear as potential raw materials for enzyme production could be of great commercial significance. Keywords: L-asparaginase, chemotherapeutic agent, Aspergillus terreus, SSF, mixed substrate, optimization
IJPCBS 2012, 2(1), 110-116 Kavya et al. ISSN: 2249-9504
110
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL, CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
Available online at www.ijpcbs.com
ISOLATION AND SCREENING OF STREPTOMYCES SP. FROM
CORINGA MANGROVE SOILS FOR ENZYME PRODUCTION AND
ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY
M. Kavya Deepthi1*, M. Solomon Sudhakar1 and M. Nagalakshmi Devamma2 1Department of Biotechnology, Rajalakshmi Engineering College, Thandalam, 2Department of Botany, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pr Taadmesihln, aInddui,a I.n dia.
Cassava Retting Water An Alternative Source for Industrial Cellulase EnzymeYogeshIJTSRD
Cassava fermentation is one of the teaming businesses in almost all the tribes of Nigeria. Among all the methods of cassava processing to food, fermentation is the most used. This produces foul smelling waste water that causes environmental pollution to man and animals. The retted cassava water was checked for cellulase enzyme activity to see if it can be a source of cellulase for used in food, paper, textile and other industries. The aim of this work is to seek a way of utilizing the waste water as source of enzymes as this will reduce the importation of these enzymes and make them available always. Cassava tubers were peeled, cut into cylindrical portions of about 3 5 cm and washed. Two hundred grams of the washed tubers were soaked in 5 liters of water and allowed to ret. The retting water was analyzed daily for titratable acidity, cyanide content, pH, cellulase activity and the microbial flora were isolated and identified. Results showed that titratable acidity rose from 0.20 to 2.76 mg g and cyanide content increased from 0.28 to 4.69 mg ml while pH fall from 7.2 – 6.0 tending acidic. Retting started on the 2nd day and complete retting was achieved on the 4th day. ß glucosidase activity rose from 0.05 to 8.0 µ mol, Filter paper activity increased from 0.06 to 7.5 µ mol and carboxyl methyl cellulase CMC activity increased from 0.05 to 7.7 µ mol. Ten organisms Aspergillus fumigatus, Rhizopus stolonifer, Bacillus subtilis, Candida utilis, Citrobacter sp, Enterobacter aerogenes, Lactobacillus coryneformis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus feacalis were isolated from the retting water. Daily increase in the enzyme activities showed that cassava retting when done in a large scale can yield large quantity of enzymes. This will reduce the importation of industrial enzymes and reduce the environmental pollution caused by the waste water. Umeh, S. O. | Nwiyi, I. U. | Dimejesi, S. A. | Ikele, M. O. | Ugwu, C. H. "Cassava Retting Water: An Alternative Source for Industrial Cellulase (Enzyme)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd43889.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/microbiology/43889/cassava-retting-water-an-alternative-source-for-industrial-cellulase-enzyme/umeh-s-o
Detection of Alpha-Amylase Activity from Soil Bacteriaiosrjce
Alpha-amylase is one of the industrial enzymes that hydrolyze starch molecules into polymers
composed of glucose units. The enzyme has potential application in a wide number of industrial processes such
as food, textile, paper, detergent, fermentation and pharmaceutical industries. Alpha-amylase can be produced
by microorganisms, plants or animals.
Aim: The aim of this study is to detect the activity of alpha-amylase from bacteria isolated from soil
environment.
Method: Soil samples were inoculated onto the media that are rich in nutrient that favour the growth of the
bacteria and incubated for 24 hours at 37oC after which the bacterial growth was detected in form of colonies.
In this study, bacterial species belonging to the genus Bacillus were identified through phylogenetic analysis
using 16s-ribosomal RNA sequencing for detection of the enzymatic activity. Effects of pH and temperature on
the enzymatic activity were observed using DNS activity assay method.
Results: Positive response to alpha-amylase activity by the soil bacteria was observed by the formation of clear
zone of inhibition shown by the colonies on the petri plates.
Conclusions: The optimal pH and temperature activities showed that the bacteria exhibit enzymatic activity at
mesophilic temperature and acidophilic or alkalophilic pH.
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences(IOSR-JPBS) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of Pharmacy and Biological Science. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in Pharmacy and Biological Science. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Production of α-amylase using new strain of Bacillus polymyxa isolated from s...IOSR Journals
In this study, a new amylase producer strain was isolated from sweet potato tuber. This strain was able to grow at 37 °C and produce α-amylase in high quantity compared to other standard strain cultures. In the first part, cultivation in shake flask in standard medium was carried out to give complete information about the growth and production kinetics of this strain. The results clearly demonstrate that the isolated strain is able to production α-amylase in submerged culture with concentration up to 2050 kat/L after 20 h cultivation. Furthermore, medium optimization was carried out by changing the starch concentration and cell cultivation in medium of mixed carbon source (composed of starch and glucose of ratio 15:5 g/g) to enhance the production process and to increase the growth rate. The volumetric and specific α-amylase production in this optimized medium were 4550 kat/L and 1060 kat/g, respectively. Further improvement in enzyme production process was achieved by scaling up the process from shake flask to 3-L stirred tank bioreactor under non-oxygen limiting condition. The maximal volumetric and specific α-amylase productions in bioreactor batch culture were 5210 kat/L and 1095kat/g, respectively, after only 14 h cultivation
Study on Culture Conditions for A Cellulase Production From As Pergillus UnguisIJMERJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: Cellulase is a common name of enzymes which catalyze cellulolysis. Specially,cellulase is widely used in food processing, animal feed, chemicals, textile,fuel and pollution treatment.The objective of this research is to study on optimal conditions for the production of cellulase byAspergillus unguis. The study was designed as a comparative culture conditions such as carbon sources, moisture content, duration, nitrogen sources and citrate buffer content on cellulase production for Aspergillus unguis. Cellulase activity was determined by measuring the absorbance at λ = 540 nm with 3,5-DNS reagent. In optimized culture conditions, enzyme activity of Aspergillus unguis achieved 110.92U/ml in comparison with a commercial cellulase with 185.33U/ml in enzyme activity. The value of cellulase activity of Aspergillus unguis is 41% lower than commercial enzymes. However, enzyme in this study was raw enzyme and the cost of producing1 litter of this enzyme is just 1/8 that of purified ones. The enzyme activity would be increased by purification. That fact has proven the applicability of using the findings of this study to improve cellulase production.
PRODUCTION AND OPTIMIZATION OF PECTINASE BY BACILLUS SP. ISOLATED FROM VEGETA...SUS GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS
Microbial enzymes have shown tremendous potential for different applications. Over the years due to their remarkable features enzymes have occupied the centre stage of all the biochemical and industrial processes. Pectinases are a group of enzymes responsible for the hydrolysis of pectic materials found in plants and are important industrial enzymes. In the present study, pectinase is produced from Bacillus sp. that was isolated from vegetable waste dump soil samples. A total of five isolates showed pectinase production and designated as PPB1 to PPB5. The screened isolates were used as a source of pectinase production using cassava waste as a substrate. Isolate PPB5 showed maximum enzyme activity of 0.641 IU/ml. Pectinase activity was optimized for various parameters like incubation time, temperature, pH, different carbon and nitrogen sources. Enzyme activity was observed maximum at 96 hr of incubation, 35°C temperature and at pH 6. The best carbon was found to be glucose. Among organic and inorganic nitrogen sources yeast extract and ammonium nitrate was founded to be better than other nitrogen sources. Among the five isolates, the isolate PPB5 showed maximum activity at all optimum conditions. This isolate is best producer and can be used in future for further pectinase production.
Optimum Conditions for Alginaseby Bacilllus Circulans R Isolateiosrphr_editor
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
Study on Characterization of Various Biofilms Prepared by Starch Isolated fro...ijtsrd
In the present study, the rhizome of Maranta arundinacea L., Arrowroot, was selected for a rich source of starch for the preparation of biofilm. Firstly, some physicochemical properties of the selected sample were determined by AOAC method. Furthermore, the elemental analysis of the selected sample was carried out by Energy Dispersive X ray Fluorescence EDXRF spectroscopy. Moreover, antimicrobial activities of various solvent extracts were examined by Agar well diffusion method on six tested organisms. And then, the qualitative determination of starch tests such as Iodine test and Tannic acid test were done. In addition, starch from Arrowroot powder was isolated and confirmed by FT IR spectrum. Finally, starch biofilms were prepared by using isolated starch and various ratios of plasticizers PVA, PEG, and Sorbitol. The characterizations of seven kinds of prepared biofilms were measured. Aye Mon Thida Nyo | Arnt Win | Baby San Chit Su | Mar Pi Myint | Phyu Phyu Khaing "Study on Characterization of Various Biofilms Prepared by Starch Isolated from Maranta Arundinacea L." Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd26588.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/chemistry/other/26588/study-on-characterization-of-various-biofilms-prepared-by-starch-isolated-from-maranta-arundinacea-l/aye-mon-thida-nyo
Production and Purification of Amylase from Bacillus subtilis Isolated from SoilDr. Amarjeet Singh
In spite of progress in biotechnology and
enzymology, the enzymes have been industrialized in recent
years for the mounting up the product development in
various arena. The ultimate goal of this study comprises the
production and purification the amylase enzyme from the
bacterial strain. A powerful amylase producer, Bacillus
subtilis ISOLATE-4 was isolated, screened and identified
from the soil sample. In order to produce extracellular
amylase, various physico-chemical parameters were
optimized. During optimization, the maximal production of
amylase by the isolate at 48 hrs of incubation in 100 rpm was
found to be 6.93U/ml, 5.94U/ml, 6.0U/ml at 45ºC, pH 6 with
1% substrate concentration respectively. Ammonium
sulphate fractionation was done for rapid precipitation of the
amylase at a concentration of 60% and exposed to dialysis
showed the 25% purification fold of an enzyme. The dialyzed
product was further subjected to DEAE-Cellulose column
chromatography resulted in an increase up to 75%
purification fold than crude enzyme. The amylase enzyme
might be suitable for the liquefaction of starch, detergent,
textile and several additional industrial applications.
Proteases are protein-degrading enzymes that catalyses hydrolytic reaction in which protein molecules are degraded into peptides and amino acids. Thermostable alkaline proteases are of particular great interest for industrial application because they are stable and active at temperature above 60-70˚C. Thermophiles are found in wide array of environment such as mushroom compost material, nest, hay, wood chips, grains, soil, manure, coal mines etc. Alkaline proteases are most important industrial enzymes and they occupy about 60% of total enzyme market. From the soil samples, eight different fungal species were isolated through soil dilution plate method. In the present study, two fungi Aspergillus nidulans and Aspergillus glaucus from mushroom compost and two fungi Aspergillus terrus, and Aspergillus fumigates from cow manure, showing alkaline protease activity, were isolated. The zones of clearance were observed in Aspergillus nidulans, Aspergillus glaucus, Aspergillus terrus, and Aspergillus fumigatus species of fungi isolated from cow manure and mushroom compost. The best enzyme production was observed in Aspergillus terrus (1.005 ± 0.057 IU/mg protein) obtained from cow manure and the minimum enzyme activity was observed with Aspergillus glaucus (0.278 ± 0.026 IU/mg protein). However, more studies are required to assess the potential of Aspergillus nidulans, Aspergillus glaucus, Aspergillus terrus, and Aspergillus fumigatus species. Key-words- Alkaline protease, Thermophiles, Zone of clearance, Trichloroacetic acid
Studies on Lysine Accumulation in the Broth Culture of Bacillus Species using...ijtsrd
Lysine production in the broth culture of Bacillus species using carbohydrates as carbon source and seed meals as nitrogen source was investigated. Different carbohydrate and proteins seeds were sourced from an open market in Awka Anambra State South Eastern Nigeria and prepared in the laboratory using standard procedures. The carbohydrates carbon source and seed meals nitrogen source were added into Erlenmeyer flasks containing the basal medium and inoculated with different cultures of Bacillus subtilis PR13, B. subtilis PR9 and B. pumilus SS16. Maize hydrolysate recorded the highest reducing sugar 5.2mg ml , followed by sorghum 4.8mg ml and the least was recorded by sweet potato 2.1mg ml .The best carbon source for maximum lysine yield by B. subtilis PR13 was millet, while for B. subtilis PR9 and B. pumilus SS16 it was sorghum respectively. Maximum lysine production by B. subtilis PR13 was stimulated at a millet concentration of 6 , while enhanced lysine yield by B. subtilis PR9 and B. pumilus SS16 was observed at a sorghum concentration of 6 . The best nitrogen source for enhanced lysine yield by B. subtilis PR13 and B. pumilus SS16 was soyabean meal respectively, while for B. subtilis PR9 the best was peanut meal. Optimum lysine yield by B. subtilis PR13 and B. pumilus SS16 was observed at soyabean concentrations of 4 and 2 respectively, while maximum lysine accumulation by B. subtilis PR9 was observed at 4 . These findings indicate appreciable lysine production capability of Bacillus species when agricultural products are used as carbon and nitrogen sources. Okpalla J. | Ekwealor I. A. "Studies on Lysine Accumulation in the Broth Culture of Bacillus Species using Carbohydrates as Carbon Sources and Seed Meals as Nitrogen Sources" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-2 , February 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd21444.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/microbiology/21444/studies-on-lysine-accumulation-in-the-broth-culture-of-bacillus-species-using-carbohydrates-as-carbon-sources-and-seed-meals-as-nitrogen-sources/okpalla-j
Enhancing the Nutritive Values of Agrowastes for Animal Feed Production Using...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology (IOSR-JESTFT) multidisciplinary peer-reviewed Journal with reputable academics and experts as board member. IOSR-JESTFT is designed for the prompt publication of peer-reviewed articles in all areas of subject. The journal articles will be accessed freely online.
Production of Pectinase by Aspergillus niger Cultured in Solid State Media - IJBInnspub Net
Solid state fermentation was carried out with 7 fungal strains, obtained from different sources. Among 7 isolates Aspergillus niger,IM-6 was found as effective pectinase producer.Maximum enzymatic activity (142.44U/gm) was observed after 7 days incubation at 40˚C temperature in 750 ml conical flask. In this study 1.69% (NH4)2SO4 was used as nitrogen source, although peptone as a nitrogen source showed better result but use of peptone was not cost effective. As a substrate, wheat bran and potato starch showed good result (85.54U/gm) in solid state culture. Addition of 9.68% pectin was found to increase the enzyme production as 116.57U/gm. Pectinase production was optimum in 60% moisture (98.34U/gm). Aeration showed positive effects on pectinase production (136.86U/gm) at 750 ml flask than 1000 ml flask. Thus the wild strain Aspergillus niger IM-6 has outstanding pectinase producing capability at 40◦C in 60% initial moisture content for 7 days of incubation in solid state fermentation. Get the full articles at: http://www.innspub.net/volume-1-number-1-february-2011-3/
Effect of Various Parameters on the Growth and Ethanol Production by Yeasts I...Shafkat Shamim Rahman
Two ethanol fermenting Saccharomyces cerevisiae were isolated from date juice and grapes and grown in YEPD medium. They were characterized for alcoholic fermentation using sugarcane molasses and their growth conditions were optimized with respect to pH and sugar concentration. Results revealed a temperature of 30ºC, pH 6.0 and 6.5% sugar concentration as optimum for fermentation. Stress tolerance tests showed that date juice isolate was highly tolerant to temperature, pH and high ethanol concentration in the medium. Under optimized conditions, S. cerevisiae isolated from date-juice produced 7.75% of ethanol in molasses as estimated by Conway method.
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Optimization of Cultural Parameters for Cellulase Enzyme Production from Fungi Species Isolated From Degradation Corn Cob
1. IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences (IOSR-JPBS)
e-ISSN: 2278-3008, p-ISSN:2319-7676. Volume 6, Issue 5 (May. – Jun. 2013), PP 15-19
www.iosrjournals.org
www.iosrjournals.org 15 | Page
Optimization of Cultural Parameters for Cellulase Enzyme
Production from Fungi Species Isolated From Degradation Corn
Cob
Bamigboye, O. O.
Department of Biology Emmanuel Alayande College of Education, Oyo.
Abstract: Cellulalytic fungi synthesize cellulose enzyme for biodegradation of cellulose. This depends on
various condition which include the source f isolation. This study was designed to determine the optimum
condition necessary for cellulose production by fungi.
Cellulose activities at different temperatures, pH and nitrogen sources by Rhizopus oryzae Aspergillus
niger; A. flams, P. expansum and A. oryzae in liquid medium was studied and cellulose enzyme assay carried
out by dinitrosalicylic acid method.
All the fungal isolates have their highest cellulose activity at 400
c except Penicillium expansum whose
highest value of 1.28mg/ml was obtained at 320
c. Cellulase produced 6m was found to be highest in all the
isolate at pH 4.0 exception P expansum which occur at pH 5.5 (1.21mg/ml). The highest value e1.45mg/ml was
obtained in A niger. Highest cellulose activity for A. niger, A. oryzae & P. expansum occurred in peptone.
The study shows the need to determine the best physiological condition that allow for the optimal
cellulose activity of fungal isolate. This will enhance their enzyme production.
Key Word: Cellulase, fungi, pH, Nitrogen, temperature
I. Introduction
Cellulases a cosorfulm of free enzymes which comprises of enchoglucanase (β 1-4-D glucan-4-
glucanolydrolase EC 3.2.1.4, carboxymethyl cellulalse, EC) Exoglucanase (β -1,4-D glucan-4-glucahydrolase
EC allobiohydrolase, CBH) and cellobiases (β-d-glucoside glucohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.21, β-I, 4-D-glucosidase)
which are found in many of the 57 glycosyl hydrolase families. (Siddigui et al. 2000) cellulose is the enzyme
that hydrolyzes the β-1-4 glycosidic bonds I enzyme.
Fungi are the most prominent cellulose producing microorganism (Immanuel et al 2007). Although a
large number of microorganisms are capable of degrading cellulose, only a few of these produce significant
quantities of cell free enzyme capable of completely hydrolyzing crystalline cellulose (Kooniinok, 2005). The
need to optimize the cultural condition for igmnt maximum production of the enzyme is therefore essential.
II. Materials and Method
All chemicals used were reagent grade obtained from May & Baker and Sigma – Aldrich chemical
company India. The fungi, Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus oryzae, Aspergilus oryzae, Penicillum expansum and
Aspergillus flavus used in this study were isolated from degrading corn cob on Potato Dextrose agar and yeast
extract agar. Pure cultures obtained were identified by conventional test and maintained on PDA slants.
The five fungal isolates were separately grown and tested for production of cellulose in submerged
culture in a chemically defined medium composed of KHzP0µ (1gl-1
) MgS047Hz0 (0.5gl-1
) yeast extract (1gl-1
)
Ccl2 2H20 Co.14gl-1
) carboxymethyl cellulose 10g and thiavaine 0.0025gl-1
). The cultures were grown at 270
c
for 28 days, culture broth was sampled at different days during growth to determine enzyme productivity by
carboxymethyl hydrolysis.
Enzyme assay
Cellulose activity was assayed by the determination of reducing sugar released from carboxymethyl
cellulose (CMC). After growth had been allowed to proceed for the required length of time at the required
temperature, the cultures were filtered through sintered glass crucibles and the cellulolytic activity of the
filterates was determined using the method of Reese and Mandels (1963). The assay medium was 0.55%
caroxymethyl cellulose (CMC) in 0.55m acetate buffer (pH 5.5) and 9ml of this were incubated with 1ml of the
fungus filterate for 1 hour at 370
c. Filterates of the uninoculated control was also obtained and similarly
assayed. To estimate the amount of reducing sugars released, 1ml of dinitrosalicylic acid (DNSA) reagent was
added to 1ml of the filterate – CMC reaction mixture and the absorbance was determined at 540mm using an SP
600 spectrophotometer.
The absorbance of standard aqueous solution of D-glucose at various concentrations (0-10mg per ml)
2. Optimization Of Cultural Parameters For Cellulase Enzyme Production From Fungi Species Isolated
www.iosrjournals.org 16 | Page
was determined and used to construct a graph of percentage absorbance as related to mg of glucose per ml. The
amount of reducing sugar produced by 1ml of bacteria filterate from the CMC assay medium was calculated
form this graph. Cellulolytic activity of the filterates was then expressed in term of the amount of total reducing
sugars (RS) per ml.
Effect of Temperature on Cellulase Activity
Bottles of the chemically defined medium were inoculated and incubated at 28, 32 and 400
C. These
were subsequently filtered and cellulose activity of the filtrate were determined at 0, 4, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days.
Effect pH on Celulase Activity
Some bottles of the chemically defined medium were inoculated and incubated at 270
C. Prior to
inoculation the pH of the media was adjusted to pH 4.0, 5.5 and 7. The samples were filtered at 0,4, 7, 14, 21
and 28 days and cellulose activity at the afferent pH was determined.
Effect of Nitrogen Source on Cellulase Activity
The organisms were cultivated in the chemically defined media containing 1% carboxymethyl cellulose
and supplemented with different Nitrogen sources of 1% (w/v). The nitrogen sources used include yeast extract,
peptone, urea, (NH4)2 SO4 and NaNO2. These were incubated at 270
C and cellulose activity of the filtrate were
determined at 0, 4, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days in the different Nitrogen sources.
III. Result and Discussion
Cellulose activity under different physiological conditions by Rhozopus oryzae, Aspergillus niger, A
flavus, Penicillum expansum and A. oryzae was studied.
All the fungal isolates showed cellulase activity, fungi of the geura Aspergillus and Penicillium have
been reported as good cellulase producers (Milala et al., 2005, Hoffinem ad Wood, 1985, Abo State et al.,
2010).
The result of cellulase activity at different temperatures by the fungal isolates is shown in figure 1.
Cellulase activity was found to be highest in 400
c in A niger with a value of 1.32mg/ml. Rhizopus oryzae at
320
c in day 14. All the fungal isolates had their highest reducing sugar production at 400
C except Penicillum
expansum with the highest value of 1.28mg/ml on day 14. This agreed with Immaneul et al., (2007) who
reported the optimum temperature for cellulase enzyme production by A. niger & A. fungatus at 400
C.
The optimum pH for A niger, A flavus and Rhizopus oryzae was pH 4.0 as shown in figure 2 while P
expansum and Aspergillus oryzae was at pH 5.5. Akiba et al., (1995) reported that cellulase production was
high at pH 4 and 4.5 by A. niger optimum activity for A. niger, A oryzae and P expansum occurred in peptone
as seen in Figure 3a
& b. This correlates with the result of Guatam et al., (2011) who reported that peptone
enhanced the production of cellulase by A niger on solid municipal waste residue.
3. Optimization Of Cultural Parameters For Cellulase Enzyme Production From Fungi Species Isolated
www.iosrjournals.org 17 | Page
Fig.6: Effect of temperature on the cellulase production by fungal isolates
Cellulase activity at 32o
C
Cellulase activity at 40o
C
4. Optimization Of Cultural Parameters For Cellulase Enzyme Production From Fungi Species Isolated
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Fig.7: Effect of pH on the cellulase production by fungal isolates
Fig.8a: Effect of different nitrogen sources on cellulase production by fungal isolates
5. Optimization Of Cultural Parameters For Cellulase Enzyme Production From Fungi Species Isolated
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Fig.8b:Effect of different nitrogen sources on cellulase production by fungi isolates
References
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agricultural wastes by solid state fermentation. American – Eurasian Journal of Agricultural & Environmental Science. 402 – 410.
[2]. Akiba, S., Kimura, K. and Kumugal, H. 1995. Purification and characterization of protein resistant cellulase from Aspergillus niger.
Journal of Fermentation Bioengineering 79: 125 – 130
[3]. Gautam, S.P., Bundela, R.S., Pandey, A.K., Khan, J. Awashi, M.K. and Sarsaiya, S. 2011. Optimization for the production of
cellulose enzyme from municipal solid waste residue by two novel cellulolytic Fungi Biotechnology Research Tnternational 2011: 8.
[4]. Hoffman, R. M and Wood, T.M. 1985. Isolation and partial characterization of a mutant Penicillium for the saccharification of straw.
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of cellulase by Aspergillus niger and A. fumigatus fermented in coir waste and saw dust. Internet Journal for Microbiology 3:1 – 17.
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congress on Science and Technology of Thailand.
[7]. Milala, M.A., Shugaba, A., Gidado, A., Ene, A.C. and Wafar, J.A. 2005. Studies on the use of aricultural wastes for cellulase
enzyme production by Aspergillus niger. Research Journal of Agriculture and biological Sciences 1. 4: 323-325.
[8]. Nishida, Y., Suzuki K.I., Kumayai, Y., Tanaka, H., Inove, A. and Ojima, T. 2007. Isolation and primary structure of a cellulose from
the Japanese sea urchin. Strongylocentrotus nudus. Biochime. 1-10.
[9]. Siddigni, K.S., Saqib, A.A.N., Rashid, M.H. and Rajoka M.I. (2000). Carboxyl group modification significantly altered the kinetic of
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