Forensic radiography uses medical imaging techniques like x-rays, CT scans, and MRIs to assist in legal investigations and identify remains. It has been used since the late 19th century. The main applications are identification of individuals by examining bones and teeth for characteristics like age, gender, and injuries or implants/prosthetics. Cause of death can also be determined by identifying foreign objects, injuries, trauma, or disease visible in images. Radiographers play a key role by properly positioning the subject and collecting high quality images that can provide evidence. As technology advances, the use of modalities like CT is increasing in forensic radiology due to benefits like improved scan quality and reduced time and costs.

1. ForensicRadiographyDone by: Alaa Al-AngaryNoura Al-AnaziShatha Al-MushaytPresented by: Shatha Al-Mushayt

2. History

3. Definition

4. Modalities

5. Using Medical Imaging in Forensic Science

6. Projections

7. Radiographer RoleOutline

8. Forensic Radiology HistoryUsing x-ray to produce images was discovered by Wilhelm Roentgen in 1895. Only weeks later, the forensic use of x-ray was tested.Helped in convicting an American murderer.Weeks later, the technique was first used in UK.http://www2.le.ac.uk/departments/emfpu/imaging/brief-history

9. Definition ofForensic RadiologyIt is a specialized area of medical imaging using radiological techniques to assist physicians and pathologists in matters related to the law. Radiographs must be taken before dissection. Earliest photograph of roentgenography of a cadaver found by the author.http://www2.le.ac.uk/departments/emfpu/imaging/brief-history

10. ModalitiesGeneral X-ray FluoroscopyNMCTMRIDental IdentificationAngiography and venographyUS

11. General X-ray:Shard of glass (arrows) from a broken beer bottle remain in the lung of this stabbing victim.Fluoroscopy:Post-operative chest x-ray and intra-bronchial contrast material with initial tracheal stent in place. http://www.sahha.gov.mt/pages.aspx?page=559

12. NM:This is a nuclear scan for died person that dead in isotope environment. It is show some of the isotope is taken up by the kidneys and excreted into the bladder which shouldhave been emptied before the scan was done. CT: Recently, more popularWhy?  Time , cost

13. Improved scan quality

14. Some says that CT will replace other modalities in forensic radiology.http://www2.le.ac.uk/departments/emfpu/imaging/brief-history

15. CT image (a) 2 separated fractures in the frontal and temporal bone,(b) corresponding contusionsDigital superimposition of a hummer with the depressed skull fracture .(PDF)The use of clinical CCT images in the forensic examination of closed headInjuries (M.Bauer ,S. polzin, D.patzelt) (PDF)The use of clinical CCT images in the forensic examination of closed head Injuries (M.Bauer ,S. polzin, D.patzelt)

16. MRI:Used also in FR but has a limited role to play. Why?

17. The strong magnetic currents required,

18. costsDental Radiography: for identification and ageing purposes93% rate for identification of subjects from dental radiographs. PDF)The use of clinical CCT images in the forensic examination of closed headInjuries (M.Bauer ,S. polzin, D.patzelt)

19. MRI:Used also in FR but has a limited role to play. Why?

20. The strong magnetic currents required,

21. costsDental Radiography:A darkening in the crown (arrow);Tooth 32 occlusal destruction of crown.Dental Radiography: for identification and ageing purposes93% rate for identification of subjects from dental radiographs. PDF)The use of clinical CCT images in the forensic examination of closed headInjuries (M.Bauer ,S. polzin, D.patzelt)

22. Angiography and venography:For determining blood flow although it is not common.Cerebral angiogram demonstrates small, acute stroke (arrowhead) in internal capsule – thalamic junction. Used to detect intracranial and intraventricular bleeding.

23. It is possible that this may also be used post-mortem.Bilateral intraventricularhaemorrhage: enlarged lateral ventricles with oval contours. Macrogranular choroid vascular plexuses show a large textured cohesion. Visible enlarged thirdventricle with a diameter of 7-8 mm.THE USE OF RADIOGRAPHY IN FORENSIC MEDICINE (Nigel Hughes and Mary Baker )http://www.czytelniamedyczna.pl/new_medicine-92

24. Using Of Forensic RadiologyWidely used in:IdentificationEstablishing cause of deathfive bullets, overlying in the skullForensic Radiology by B. G. Brogdon, M.D.

25. A. IdentificationTo bring evidence to help confirm, determine, or eliminate the identity of both living and dead persons. AgeGenderRaceThe comparison of ante & post mortem radiographs is one of the most accurate means of identification.Forensic Radiology by B. G. Brogdon, M.D.

26. A. IdentificationAge Child: by the appearance of centers of ossification for hand and wrist.Young adult: by the state of fusion of epiphyses.RaceImages basically for skull. Skeletal racial Groups:Negroid – elongated craniumMongoloid – rounded cranium Caucasoid- Head is curved at the top, not completely flat, The chin is prominent.Forensic Radiology by B. G. Brogdon, M.D.

27. A. IdentificationGenderUsually the 1st step in ID process.The sexual characteristics recognizable by radiography begin to appear after puberty.RT takes Images for the skull, long bones and pelvis.SKULLF, more vertical foreheadM, less rounded forehead

28. A. IdentificationGenderUsually the 1st step in ID process.The sexual characteristics recognizable by radiography begin to appear after puberty.RT takes Images for the skull, long bones and pelvis.SKULLF, more vertical foreheadM, less rounded foreheadPELVISF, larger & more roundM, more oval

29. A. IdentificationGenderUsually the 1st step in ID process.The sexual characteristics recognizable by radiography begin to appear after puberty.RT takes Images for the skull, long bones and pelvis.LONG BONESF, shorter & thinner M, longer & thicker

30. A. IdentificationGenderUsually the 1st step in ID process.The sexual characteristics recognizable by radiography begin to appear after puberty.RT takes Images for the skull, long bones and pelvis.A: male pelvis. B: female pelvis

31. A. IdentificationGenderUsually the 1st step in ID process.The sexual characteristics recognizable by radiography begin to appear after puberty.RT takes Images for the skull, long bones and pelvis.A: male pelvis. B: female pelvis