Food - Drug interactions.pptx
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This document discusses food-drug interactions, defining them as situations where nutrients affect how a medication works or where drugs affect nutrient metabolism. It describes several types of interactions, including how drugs can decrease nutrient absorption or nutrient production. Foods are also described as potentially interfering with drug absorption, metabolism, or action in the body. Specific examples are given of foods that can interact with medications like anticoagulants, digoxin, antibiotics, statins, and those affected by grapefruit. Those at highest risk of interactions are identified. The document concludes with recommendations around monitoring high risk patients and considering interactions between food and drugs.
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This document discusses food-drug interactions, providing definitions and discussing underlying factors. It covers how foods can impact drug absorption, metabolism, and excretion pharmacokinetically. Foods can also impact drugs pharmacodynamically. The document also notes drugs can impact nutrient status. Common food-drug interactions are discussed, including those involving grapefruit juice and St. John's wort. The summary provides high-level information about the topic and scope of the document in under 3 sentences.
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Drug-food and drug-herb interactions can occur via several mechanisms:
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Webinar revisiting food drug interactions
Context
In addition to drug-drug interactions, "Food-drug interactions" can also cause adverse drug reactions or losses of efficacy and are thus important issues to consider in the evaluation of new drug candidates.
This is why drug agencies recommend conducting food-drug studies early in the development of new drugs. For example, the FDA advises the administration of a high-fat meal with new drugs to investigate potential food effect.
Aureus' Solutions
Aureus Sciences has developed a highly structured Knowledgebase, AurSCOPE ADME/DDI®, containing pharmacokinetics, metabolism and drug interactions data including reliable information about "Food-Drug interaction" studies extracted from journal articles and FDA reviews.
Knowledge from published data can help the pharmaceutical industry improve recommendations for regulatory agencies on how drugs should be taken when eating food, and to challenge prediction of food-drug interactions.
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Similarities and differences of regulatory agencies recommendations on food-drug interaction
New insights about food-drug interactions including herbal, fruit, and dietary interactions based on clinical outcomes
Therapeutic classes, physico-chemical properties of drugs linked with high food-drug interactions
Pharmacodynamics
Pharmacodynamics is the study of the biochemical and physiological effects of drugs and their mechanisms of action. Pharmacodynamics is often referred to as “what the drug does to the body”.
In order to exert their effects, drugs usually interact in a structurally specific way with a protein receptor or act on physiological processes within the body. This activates a secondary messenger system that produces a physiological effect. Drugs do not create new action but they can only modify (alter) the functions of cells or tissues in body. The drug–receptor complex initiates alterations in biochemical and/or molecular activity of a cell by a process called signal transduction.
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Drug interactions (DIs) represent an important and widely under recognized source of medication errors. Interactions between food and drugs may inadvertently reduce or increase the drug effect. Some commonly used herbs, fruits as well as alcohol may cause failure of the therapy up a point of to serious alterations of the patient’s health. The majority of clinically relevant food-drug interactions are caused by food induced changes in the bioavailability of the drug. Major side-effects of some diet (food) on drugs include alteration in absorption by fatty, high protein and fiber diets.
Underlying factors:
Classification of drug-food interactions:
Pharmacodynamic interactions
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Food drug interactions
This document discusses food-drug interactions (FDIs), which occur when foods alter the effects of drugs in the body or when drugs impact nutrient absorption and metabolism. It outlines several ways that foods and drugs can interact, including by changing gastric pH, inhibiting or enhancing absorption, altering distribution and metabolism by enzymes or protein binding, and affecting excretion of nutrients or drugs. The document notes populations more at risk for FDIs like older patients, those with multiple medications or illnesses, and identifies common culprit foods and drugs. It emphasizes the importance of healthcare teams carefully reviewing patients' complete medication and nutrition plans to avoid negative FDIs.
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This document discusses drug interactions, including definitions, types, factors that influence interactions, and their clinical impact. It notes that drug interactions can occur when one drug affects another's absorption, distribution, metabolism, or excretion. Factors like polypharmacy, age, organ function, and genetics influence interaction risks. Interactions can decrease drug effectiveness, increase toxicity, and cause organ dysfunction. Clinicians must be aware of potential interactions to minimize harmful outcomes for patients.
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PHARMACOKINETICS.pptx
This presentation includes the detail information of pharmacokinetics. How body react with drug. Route of drug administration. In this presentation there is a given all the relevant data related to the general pharmacology which is used full for the D. pharm, B. Pharm, Pharm D students . Pharmacodynamics : - What drug does to body.
Pharmacokinetics : - What body does to the drug.
Pharmacotherapeutics : - Use of drugs in prevention & treatment of disease.
Clinical pharmacology : - Scientific study of drugs in man.
Toxicology : - Aspect of pharmacology deals with adverse effects of Drugs.
Pharmacodynamic agents : - Designed to have pharmacodynamic effects in the
recipient.
Chemotherapeutic agents : - Designed to inhibit/kill parasites/malignant cells & does not have or
with minimal pharmacodynamic effects in recipient.
Orphan drugs : - Drugs or Biological Products for diagnosis/treatment/ Prevention of a
rare disease.
E.g.:- Liothyronine (T3), Desmopressin, Baclofen, Digoxin Antibody.PHARMACOKINETICS
Absorption of Drugs:-
A) Simple diffusion: - Bidirectional process rate of transfer across the membrane is proportional to
concn gradient. E.g.:- H20 soluble drugs with low mol-wt, lipid soluble drugs.
B) Active transport: - requires energy – independent of physical properties of membrane. E.g.:- H20
soluble drugs with high mol-wt.
Carrier mediated transport: - E.g.:- Intestinal absorption of Ca2+
.
C) Pinocytosis: - Important in unicellular organisms like Amoeba.
Bioavailability: - Amount of drug reaches systemic circulation following a non-vascular drug
administration.
Auc oral
F = Auc iv
Barriers:-
B.B.B:- made up of choroid cells (strong Barrier).
Testis Barrier: - made up of seroid cells.
Placental Barrier: - made up of sertoli cells (weak Barrier).
Endothelial Barrier: - in all blood cells (very weak).
For absorption of vitB12, IF factor is required which is synthesized by parietal cells?2 types of metabolism: - a. Non synthetic reaction (phase I reaction)
i. Oxidation
ii. Reduction
iii. Hydrolysis
iv. Cyclilization
v. Decyclilization
b. Synthetic reaction (Phase II reaction) conjugation reactions
i. Glucoronide conjugation
ii. Acetylation
iii. Methylation
iv. Sulfate conjugation
v. Glycine conjugation
vi. Glutathion conjugation Remember:- Many drugs are eliminated by the kidney without being.
1 general pharmacology
Pharmacology is the study of how drugs act on the body. It includes pharmacokinetics, which is what the body does to the drug, and pharmacodynamics, which is what the drug does to the body. Key aspects of pharmacokinetics include absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of drugs in the body. Drugs can have intended therapeutic effects as well as unintended adverse effects. Understanding the mechanisms of drug action and factors affecting drug response are important aspects of pharmacology.
Posology
Posology means study of dose of drug. Various factors affecting on dose of drug in humans & animals. Dose calculation by using various formulae.
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.pptx
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics are the two major branches of pharmacology. Pharmacokinetics refers to what the body does to a drug, including absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. Pharmacodynamics refers to what the drug does to the body and its physiological effects. Key concepts in pharmacokinetics include the first-pass effect whereby drugs are metabolized as they pass through the liver, affecting their bioavailability, as well as half-life which determines how long it takes for a drug concentration in the body to reduce by half. Pharmacodynamics examines how drugs act on receptors and enzymes to produce their effects in a selective manner when possible.
General pharmacology intro
The document provides information on general pharmacology concepts. It defines pharmacology as the study of drugs and their interaction with living systems. It describes the key processes involved in pharmacokinetics as absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME). Absorption refers to how the drug enters the bloodstream. Distribution involves the transport of drug molecules within the body. Metabolism is how drugs are broken down and biotransformed by the body. Excretion is the removal of drugs from the body, mainly through the kidneys or bile.
General pharmacology intro
The document provides information on general pharmacology concepts. It defines pharmacology as the study of drugs and their interaction with living systems. It describes the key processes involved in pharmacokinetics as absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME). Absorption refers to how the drug enters the bloodstream. Distribution involves the transport of drug molecules within the body. Metabolism is how drugs are broken down and biotransformed by the body. Excretion is the removal of drugs from the body, mainly through the kidneys or bile.
Gastroretentive Drug Delivery System
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Modified release drug products
The document discusses modified release drug products, specifically extended release dosage forms. It defines extended release as releasing the drug over a longer period, usually twice as long as immediate release, to reduce dosing frequency and control blood concentrations. The document discusses the advantages of extended release including reduced dosing frequency and side effects. It also discusses factors that influence extended release kinetics like variable gastrointestinal conditions and the need to release the drug before it reaches the colon. Finally, it briefly outlines different types of extended release dosage forms.
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- 2. Attheendof this lecture Definition of interaction Typesof interactions Drug- Food(nutrient) interaction Food(nutrient) - Drug interaction Who’satriskof interactions Recommendations
- 3. Should take medicine on an empty stomach (one hour before eating or 2 hours after) unless advised otherwise….. If you eat breakfast at 8 a.m., wait until 10 a.m. to take your pills. As a general rule……….. Why should we do that? This is because many medicines can be affected by what you eat and when you eat it. The presence of food in the digestive tract can interfere with the absorption of certain medications.
- 4. Always medication should be taken with………..
- 7. Absorption Absorption rate: % absorbed and time for absorption. Movement of the drug from the site of administration to the blood stream; depends on – The route of administration. – The rate of gastric emptying (for oral drugs) and GI movement. – The quality of the product formulation. Food components and nutritional supplements can interfere with absorption, especially if the drug is taken orally.
- 8. Metabolism (biotransformation) Primarily in the liver; cytochrome P-450 enzyme system facilitates drug metabolism. Foods or dietary supplements that increase or inhibit these enzyme systems can change the rate or extent of drug metabolism.
- 9. Definition of interaction Interactionhappenswhennutrientaffects theactive materialin amedicine,sothe medicine cannot work the way it should. Orwhendrugaffectsnutrient metabolism.
- 10. Typesof interactions 1. Drug Nutrient( effecton nutritional status) 2. Food Drug( effect onefficiencyof medicationanditssafety)
- 11. 1.Drug-Nutrientinteraction 1- Medicationscancausethefollowing : DecreaseAppetite Nausea Vomiting Anunpleasanttasteor dry mouth. Food intake
- 12. Drug-NutrientInteraction Medications,bothprescriptionor OTC, canaffect howthebodyuses nutrients. For individualtakingmedicationfor alongtime,drug- nutrient interactionsmaylead tovitamin ormineral deficiencies.
- 13. CNSstimulant(Amphetamines)aremedicationsthat directlyaffect food intakebydepressingappetite. Food Intake
- 14. Severalcancer(ChemoTherapy) medications (Carboplatin) maycause : Nausea Vomiting Soreanddry mouth Food intake
- 15. Medicationscandecrease nutrient absorption Laxativescandecreasetheabsorptionof many vitaminsandminerals. Laxativescausefoodtomoverapidly throughthe bodycausing poornutrient absorption.
- 16. Aluminumhydroxidecontainsin some antacids can bindtophosphorusin food. This canpreventphosphorustofrom being absorbedandusedbythebones causing muscleweaknessandsevere casescancause osteomalaciaandsevere painon walking.
- 17. Medicationscanslow down nutrient production VitaminKis producedbybacteriain theintestines. Antibioticskill harmfulbacteria,buttheycanalsokill helpful bacteriawhichis reponsiblefor vitaminK production.
- 18. Medicationscanincreasealossof a nutrient Diuretics ( Lasixor Furosomide) remove excess waterfromthebody.Some diureticsmayalso increaselossof potassiumalongwith fluids. Potassiumis veryimportantin proper functioning of heartandother muscles.
- 19. 2.Food–Drug Interaction Foodandnutrientscanalsoaltera medication’seffectivenessin manyways. Nutrientscouldmakethemedications workfaster, slower,orevenprevent themfromworkingat all.
- 20. Drugsareabsorbedmorequicklyinto th ebody whenthestomachis empty. Havingfoodin thestomachwill slowdowna medication’sabsorption. Sometimesamedicationshouldbetakenwith food.
- 21. Foodcanincreaseor decreasetheabsorption of a drug. Absorbing─ thantheintendeddosemay decrease theeffectof the drug. Absorbing+ thantheintendeddose increases the chance for an overdose effect….(e.g., toxicity)
- 22. Dietarycalciumcanbindtotheantibiotic tetracycline.Asaresultthebodydoesnot absorb theamountof antibiotic intended.
- 23. Foodsor nutrientsmayinterfere witha drug’s metabolismor drug’s actioninthe body.
- 24. Greenvegetables Anticoagulants Foodshighin vitaminK(suchasbroccoli,,spinach, ….etc.) Suchfoods mayreducetheeffectivenessof anticoagulants(suchaswarfarin), increasingthe riskof clotting.
- 25. Oatmeal The fiber in oatmeal and other cereals, when consumedin largeamounts, can interfere with theabsorptionof Digoxin (CHF). SomeTradeNames LANOXIN
- 26. Acidicdrinks,juices, andfoods may produceexcessstomach aciditywhich may: Destroythe medication. Causethemedicationtodissolvein thestomachinsteadof the intestine. Compounds in tea called tannins can act as chelators, binding to minerals and inhibiting the body's ability to absorb them. Phytates,calcium and anti-acids also block iron absorption.
- 27. Eating grapefruit or drinking grapefruit juice can affect some medicines
- 28. Grapefruit juice Inhibits enzymes involved in drug metabolism and thereby increases the level of the medicine in blood. This can increase the risk of side effects or alter the effect the medicine has.
- 30. The grapefruit, grapefruit juice, and some other citrus fruit, including oranges, limes and pomelos, contain a class of chemical called furanocoumarins that inhibit an enzyme, cytochrome P450 3A4.
- 31. Medicinesaffectedbygrapefruit Certainbenzodiazepines(suchValiumand Xanax. Calciumchannelblockers(suchas felodipine, nifedipine, and nisoldipine). Cyclosporine. Estrogenandoral contraceptives. Certainstatins(suchasatorvastatin, lovastatin, and simvastatin).
- 32. Who’satrisk? Somepeople maybeatgreater risk o f drug-nutrient interactions that others. Those can include the following:
- 33. Peoplewithpoordietor malnourished Growinginfants and children Pregnant women Elderly Peoplewithserioushealthproblems Patientstaking2or moremedications atsame time. Patients taking medications for a long period of time.
- 34. Recommendations Mostdrugshavenutritionalstatussideeffects. Identify andmonitorhighriskpatients, thoseon multiplemedications andmarginal diets. Systemsshouldbeestablishedsothat pharmacists cancommunicatewith physicians regardinghighrisk patients. Always look for therapeutically significant interactions between food and drugs.
- 35. Take home questions ? • Theophylline and Tea, coffee consuming ? • Diazepam and caffeine ? • Levodopa and protein rich food ? • Monoamine oxidase inhibitors vs tyramine in cheese? • Spironolactone and potassium rich food or supplement?
- 36. Thankyou