In order to ensure the healthy lifestyles we must understand about medication and how they relate with our food and nutrients intake.
Here!!!!
When to use food after drugs
When to use drug after food
Which drugs can be used after meal
Which drugs should be used before meal
Which drug can be used with meal
When to drink water for well healthy meal
Why we should use supplements
When to use supplements
Which food to use more for specific disease tratments.
Food relationship with medication.
Effects that may be caused by mixing the drug with food, and vice versa, and how the pharmacist can administer to prevent the interaction between medications and food.
Drug interactions (DIs) represent an important and widely under recognized source of medication errors. Interactions between food and drugs may inadvertently reduce or increase the drug effect. Some commonly used herbs, fruits as well as alcohol may cause failure of the therapy up a point of to serious alterations of the patient’s health. The majority of clinically relevant food-drug interactions are caused by food induced changes in the bioavailability of the drug. Major side-effects of some diet (food) on drugs include alteration in absorption by fatty, high protein and fiber diets.
Underlying factors:
Classification of drug-food interactions:
Pharmacodynamic interactions
Pharmacokinetic interactions
I. Absorption interactions
II. Transport and distribution interactions
III. Metabolism interactions
IV. Excretion interactions
Grapefruit juice
Alcohol and Medication Interactions
Common Alcohol-Medication Interactions
Specific Alcohol-Medication Interactions
Presentation gives an overview of the inter-relationship between nutrition and pharmacy. Its importance is an imperative consideration in patient care. The presentation begins with an introduction to both areas but then focuses on specific drug-nutrient interactions with specific drug categories.
discusses about the interaction of certain drugs with some food materials and explains in detail about the effect of food on absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion. Also dicsussed about the pharmacodynamic and pharmacogenomic aspects
Nutritional Neuroscience: Thinking Twice about the Foods that Feed your Brain. Rachel V. Gow, PhD
This talk discusses the latest neuroscientific findings on the links between nutrition and mental health, well-being and performance. It provides evidence that specific nutrients are “brain-selective” and can act in comparable ways to pharmaceutical drugs. It also outlines the implications of the change in food production as a result of the agricultural revolution in favor of mass food production and how common nutritional insufficiencies may lead to physical and mental ill-health. The presentation discusses which foods may help optimise brain function with a focus on omega-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids.
Dietary Supplements: What You Need to Know!
In today's society, nutritional supplements is one of the fastest growing industries in the world. More commonly known as the Vitamins, Minerals and Supplements, or VMS group, it produces about a $32 billion in revenue to date. But, why? Do you know what you are really digesting into your body? This presentation will explain all that is relevant to this growing hot topic today!
Food relationship with medication.
Effects that may be caused by mixing the drug with food, and vice versa, and how the pharmacist can administer to prevent the interaction between medications and food.
Drug interactions (DIs) represent an important and widely under recognized source of medication errors. Interactions between food and drugs may inadvertently reduce or increase the drug effect. Some commonly used herbs, fruits as well as alcohol may cause failure of the therapy up a point of to serious alterations of the patient’s health. The majority of clinically relevant food-drug interactions are caused by food induced changes in the bioavailability of the drug. Major side-effects of some diet (food) on drugs include alteration in absorption by fatty, high protein and fiber diets.
Underlying factors:
Classification of drug-food interactions:
Pharmacodynamic interactions
Pharmacokinetic interactions
I. Absorption interactions
II. Transport and distribution interactions
III. Metabolism interactions
IV. Excretion interactions
Grapefruit juice
Alcohol and Medication Interactions
Common Alcohol-Medication Interactions
Specific Alcohol-Medication Interactions
Presentation gives an overview of the inter-relationship between nutrition and pharmacy. Its importance is an imperative consideration in patient care. The presentation begins with an introduction to both areas but then focuses on specific drug-nutrient interactions with specific drug categories.
discusses about the interaction of certain drugs with some food materials and explains in detail about the effect of food on absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion. Also dicsussed about the pharmacodynamic and pharmacogenomic aspects
Nutritional Neuroscience: Thinking Twice about the Foods that Feed your Brain. Rachel V. Gow, PhD
This talk discusses the latest neuroscientific findings on the links between nutrition and mental health, well-being and performance. It provides evidence that specific nutrients are “brain-selective” and can act in comparable ways to pharmaceutical drugs. It also outlines the implications of the change in food production as a result of the agricultural revolution in favor of mass food production and how common nutritional insufficiencies may lead to physical and mental ill-health. The presentation discusses which foods may help optimise brain function with a focus on omega-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids.
Dietary Supplements: What You Need to Know!
In today's society, nutritional supplements is one of the fastest growing industries in the world. More commonly known as the Vitamins, Minerals and Supplements, or VMS group, it produces about a $32 billion in revenue to date. But, why? Do you know what you are really digesting into your body? This presentation will explain all that is relevant to this growing hot topic today!
Often ignored, exploring the aspect of drug and diet interaction is one of the vital aspects of approaching any healthcare case study. Hence, here are my slides to understand the complexities of the same.
To recognize the importance of drug food interaction
To understand the effect of food on medications PK and or PD
To evaluate the clinical significance and provide a plan for management
Dietary Supplements Efficacy, Safety and RegulationsAli Alhammad
The use of dietary supplements increased in the last decade to maintain or improve health or specifically to supplement a vitamin deficiency, lose weight, or support organ function. Mostly, consumers believing them to be more natural, potent or safer than pharmaceutical drugs. However, that it not always the case. The current FDA Dietary Supplement regulations do not require premarketing efficacy and safety studies of any dietary supplement product. I will explore these issues in some details in my lecture.
Drug food interactions in details - QAQussai Abbas
Drug interactions (DIs) represent an important and widely under recognized source of medication errors. Interactions between food and drugs may inadvertently reduce or increase the drug effect. Some commonly used herbs, fruits as well as alcohol may cause failure of the therapy up a point of to serious alterations of the patient’s health. The majority of clinically relevant food-drug interactions are caused by food induced changes in the bioavailability of the drug. Major side-effects of some diet (food) on drugs include alteration in absorption by fatty, high protein and fiber diets.
Underlying factors:
Classification of drug-food interactions:
Pharmacodynamic interactions
Pharmacokinetic interactions
I. Absorption interactions
II. Transport and distribution interactions
III. Metabolism interactions
IV. Excretion interactions
Grapefruit juice
Alcohol and Medication Interactions
Common Alcohol-Medication Interactions
Specific Alcohol-Medication Interactions
dietary supplements
Overview on supplements
Definition
Facts about Supplements
Should you be taking supplements?
What about protein powders?
Regulation of dietary Supplements
Dietary Supplement and Health Education Act
presentation about Nutraceutical
The term “nutraceutical” combines the word “nutrient” (a nourishing food or food component) with “pharmaceutical”(a medical drug). The word “nutraceutical” has been used to describe a broad list of products sold under the premise of being dietary supplements (i.e. a food), but for the expressed intent of treatment or prevent of disease.
Specifically, the problem of antimicrobial resistancerandzee7
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is the ability of microbes like bacteria to resist the effects of an antimicrobial drug. In other words, the bacteria are either not killed or their growth is not stopped by the antimicrobial drug(s). Antimicrobial resistance is a natural phenomenon—all bacteria can evolve to develop resistance (see the Microbiology Module to learn more about bacterial resistance strategies and molecular mechanisms of resistance)—but any antibiotic use, anywhere bacteria can be found (in humans, animals, or in the environment), also can contribute to the development of resistance. Inappropriate antibiotic use in any sector is a concerning driver of resistance and is something that requires a One Health approach in order to address resistance effectively. Specifically, the problem of antimicrobial resistance cannot be solved by addressing antimicrobial use in only one sector.
Often ignored, exploring the aspect of drug and diet interaction is one of the vital aspects of approaching any healthcare case study. Hence, here are my slides to understand the complexities of the same.
To recognize the importance of drug food interaction
To understand the effect of food on medications PK and or PD
To evaluate the clinical significance and provide a plan for management
Dietary Supplements Efficacy, Safety and RegulationsAli Alhammad
The use of dietary supplements increased in the last decade to maintain or improve health or specifically to supplement a vitamin deficiency, lose weight, or support organ function. Mostly, consumers believing them to be more natural, potent or safer than pharmaceutical drugs. However, that it not always the case. The current FDA Dietary Supplement regulations do not require premarketing efficacy and safety studies of any dietary supplement product. I will explore these issues in some details in my lecture.
Drug food interactions in details - QAQussai Abbas
Drug interactions (DIs) represent an important and widely under recognized source of medication errors. Interactions between food and drugs may inadvertently reduce or increase the drug effect. Some commonly used herbs, fruits as well as alcohol may cause failure of the therapy up a point of to serious alterations of the patient’s health. The majority of clinically relevant food-drug interactions are caused by food induced changes in the bioavailability of the drug. Major side-effects of some diet (food) on drugs include alteration in absorption by fatty, high protein and fiber diets.
Underlying factors:
Classification of drug-food interactions:
Pharmacodynamic interactions
Pharmacokinetic interactions
I. Absorption interactions
II. Transport and distribution interactions
III. Metabolism interactions
IV. Excretion interactions
Grapefruit juice
Alcohol and Medication Interactions
Common Alcohol-Medication Interactions
Specific Alcohol-Medication Interactions
dietary supplements
Overview on supplements
Definition
Facts about Supplements
Should you be taking supplements?
What about protein powders?
Regulation of dietary Supplements
Dietary Supplement and Health Education Act
presentation about Nutraceutical
The term “nutraceutical” combines the word “nutrient” (a nourishing food or food component) with “pharmaceutical”(a medical drug). The word “nutraceutical” has been used to describe a broad list of products sold under the premise of being dietary supplements (i.e. a food), but for the expressed intent of treatment or prevent of disease.
Specifically, the problem of antimicrobial resistancerandzee7
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is the ability of microbes like bacteria to resist the effects of an antimicrobial drug. In other words, the bacteria are either not killed or their growth is not stopped by the antimicrobial drug(s). Antimicrobial resistance is a natural phenomenon—all bacteria can evolve to develop resistance (see the Microbiology Module to learn more about bacterial resistance strategies and molecular mechanisms of resistance)—but any antibiotic use, anywhere bacteria can be found (in humans, animals, or in the environment), also can contribute to the development of resistance. Inappropriate antibiotic use in any sector is a concerning driver of resistance and is something that requires a One Health approach in order to address resistance effectively. Specifically, the problem of antimicrobial resistance cannot be solved by addressing antimicrobial use in only one sector.
Constipation is one of the most frequent GIT disorders encountered among older adults in clinical practice.
Up to 50% of elderly experiencing constipation at some point in their lives.
Elderly women are having 2–3 times more constipation than men.
Approximately, 30% of older adults are regular nonprescription laxative users, such as stimulant and bulking laxatives.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
preventive measures and reducing the unnecessary use of antibioticsrandzee7
Bovine respiratory disease, the most common and costly disease in the beef industry, results from complex interactions between the host, the environment, and potential pathogens. Environmental stressors play a major role in susceptibility to and transmission of disease pathogens. This module describes cost-effective preventive management measures that reduce incidence of the disease and thus the need for antimicrobial treatment. Beef practitioners play an important role in promoting these preventive measures and reducing the unnecessary use of antibiotics.
The global prevalence of overweight and obesity as a public health concern is well established and reflects the overall lack of success in our ability to achieve and maintain healthy body weight. Being overweight and obese is associated with numerous comorbidities and is a risk factor for several of the leading causes of death, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and many types of cancer.
The foundation of treatment has been diet and exercise.
India Clinical Trials Market: Industry Size and Growth Trends [2030] Analyzed...Kumar Satyam
According to TechSci Research report, "India Clinical Trials Market- By Region, Competition, Forecast & Opportunities, 2030F," the India Clinical Trials Market was valued at USD 2.05 billion in 2024 and is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.64% through 2030. The market is driven by a variety of factors, making India an attractive destination for pharmaceutical companies and researchers. India's vast and diverse patient population, cost-effective operational environment, and a large pool of skilled medical professionals contribute significantly to the market's growth. Additionally, increasing government support in streamlining regulations and the growing prevalence of lifestyle diseases further propel the clinical trials market.
Growing Prevalence of Lifestyle Diseases
The rising incidence of lifestyle diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer is a major trend driving the clinical trials market in India. These conditions necessitate the development and testing of new treatment methods, creating a robust demand for clinical trials. The increasing burden of these diseases highlights the need for innovative therapies and underscores the importance of India as a key player in global clinical research.
Leading the Way in Nephrology: Dr. David Greene's Work with Stem Cells for Ki...Dr. David Greene Arizona
As we watch Dr. Greene's continued efforts and research in Arizona, it's clear that stem cell therapy holds a promising key to unlocking new doors in the treatment of kidney disease. With each study and trial, we step closer to a world where kidney disease is no longer a life sentence but a treatable condition, thanks to pioneers like Dr. David Greene.
Deep Leg Vein Thrombosis (DVT): Meaning, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and Mor...The Lifesciences Magazine
Deep Leg Vein Thrombosis occurs when a blood clot forms in one or more of the deep veins in the legs. These clots can impede blood flow, leading to severe complications.
Antibiotic Stewardship by Anushri Srivastava.pptxAnushriSrivastav
Stewardship is the act of taking good care of something.
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
WHO launched the Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS) in 2015 to fill knowledge gaps and inform strategies at all levels.
ACCORDING TO apic.org,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
ACCORDING TO pewtrusts.org,
Antibiotic stewardship refers to efforts in doctors’ offices, hospitals, long term care facilities, and other health care settings to ensure that antibiotics are used only when necessary and appropriate
According to WHO,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a systematic approach to educate and support health care professionals to follow evidence-based guidelines for prescribing and administering antimicrobials
In 1996, John McGowan and Dale Gerding first applied the term antimicrobial stewardship, where they suggested a causal association between antimicrobial agent use and resistance. They also focused on the urgency of large-scale controlled trials of antimicrobial-use regulation employing sophisticated epidemiologic methods, molecular typing, and precise resistance mechanism analysis.
Antimicrobial Stewardship(AMS) refers to the optimal selection, dosing, and duration of antimicrobial treatment resulting in the best clinical outcome with minimal side effects to the patients and minimal impact on subsequent resistance.
According to the 2019 report, in the US, more than 2.8 million antibiotic-resistant infections occur each year, and more than 35000 people die. In addition to this, it also mentioned that 223,900 cases of Clostridoides difficile occurred in 2017, of which 12800 people died. The report did not include viruses or parasites
VISION
Being proactive
Supporting optimal animal and human health
Exploring ways to reduce overall use of antimicrobials
Using the drugs that prevent and treat disease by killing microscopic organisms in a responsible way
GOAL
to prevent the generation and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Doing so will preserve the effectiveness of these drugs in animals and humans for years to come.
being to preserve human and animal health and the effectiveness of antimicrobial medications.
to implement a multidisciplinary approach in assembling a stewardship team to include an infectious disease physician, a clinical pharmacist with infectious diseases training, infection preventionist, and a close collaboration with the staff in the clinical microbiology laboratory
to prevent antimicrobial overuse, misuse and abuse.
to minimize the developme
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V - ROLE OF PEADIATRIC NURSE.pdfSachin Sharma
Pediatric nurses play a vital role in the health and well-being of children. Their responsibilities are wide-ranging, and their objectives can be categorized into several key areas:
1. Direct Patient Care:
Objective: Provide comprehensive and compassionate care to infants, children, and adolescents in various healthcare settings (hospitals, clinics, etc.).
This includes tasks like:
Monitoring vital signs and physical condition.
Administering medications and treatments.
Performing procedures as directed by doctors.
Assisting with daily living activities (bathing, feeding).
Providing emotional support and pain management.
2. Health Promotion and Education:
Objective: Promote healthy behaviors and educate children, families, and communities about preventive healthcare.
This includes tasks like:
Administering vaccinations.
Providing education on nutrition, hygiene, and development.
Offering breastfeeding and childbirth support.
Counseling families on safety and injury prevention.
3. Collaboration and Advocacy:
Objective: Collaborate effectively with doctors, social workers, therapists, and other healthcare professionals to ensure coordinated care for children.
Objective: Advocate for the rights and best interests of their patients, especially when children cannot speak for themselves.
This includes tasks like:
Communicating effectively with healthcare teams.
Identifying and addressing potential risks to child welfare.
Educating families about their child's condition and treatment options.
4. Professional Development and Research:
Objective: Stay up-to-date on the latest advancements in pediatric healthcare through continuing education and research.
Objective: Contribute to improving the quality of care for children by participating in research initiatives.
This includes tasks like:
Attending workshops and conferences on pediatric nursing.
Participating in clinical trials related to child health.
Implementing evidence-based practices into their daily routines.
By fulfilling these objectives, pediatric nurses play a crucial role in ensuring the optimal health and well-being of children throughout all stages of their development.
Telehealth Psychology Building Trust with Clients.pptxThe Harvest Clinic
Telehealth psychology is a digital approach that offers psychological services and mental health care to clients remotely, using technologies like video conferencing, phone calls, text messaging, and mobile apps for communication.
CRISPR-Cas9, a revolutionary gene-editing tool, holds immense potential to reshape medicine, agriculture, and our understanding of life. But like any powerful tool, it comes with ethical considerations.
Unveiling CRISPR: This naturally occurring bacterial defense system (crRNA & Cas9 protein) fights viruses. Scientists repurposed it for precise gene editing (correction, deletion, insertion) by targeting specific DNA sequences.
The Promise: CRISPR offers exciting possibilities:
Gene Therapy: Correcting genetic diseases like cystic fibrosis.
Agriculture: Engineering crops resistant to pests and harsh environments.
Research: Studying gene function to unlock new knowledge.
The Peril: Ethical concerns demand attention:
Off-target Effects: Unintended DNA edits can have unforeseen consequences.
Eugenics: Misusing CRISPR for designer babies raises social and ethical questions.
Equity: High costs could limit access to this potentially life-saving technology.
The Path Forward: Responsible development is crucial:
International Collaboration: Clear guidelines are needed for research and human trials.
Public Education: Open discussions ensure informed decisions about CRISPR.
Prioritize Safety and Ethics: Safety and ethical principles must be paramount.
CRISPR offers a powerful tool for a better future, but responsible development and addressing ethical concerns are essential. By prioritizing safety, fostering open dialogue, and ensuring equitable access, we can harness CRISPR's power for the benefit of all. (2998 characters)
Health Education on prevention of hypertensionRadhika kulvi
Hypertension is a chronic condition of concern due to its role in the causation of coronary heart diseases. Hypertension is a worldwide epidemic and important risk factor for coronary artery disease, stroke and renal diseases. Blood pressure is the force exerted by the blood against the walls of the blood vessels and is sufficient to maintain tissue perfusion during activity and rest. Hypertension is sustained elevation of BP. In adults, HTN exists when systolic blood pressure is equal to or greater than 140mmHg or diastolic BP is equal to or greater than 90mmHg. The
One of the most developed cities of India, the city of Chennai is the capital of Tamilnadu and many people from different parts of India come here to earn their bread and butter. Being a metropolitan, the city is filled with towering building and beaches but the sad part as with almost every Indian city
Explore our infographic on 'Essential Metrics for Palliative Care Management' which highlights key performance indicators crucial for enhancing the quality and efficiency of palliative care services.
This visual guide breaks down important metrics across four categories: Patient-Centered Metrics, Care Efficiency Metrics, Quality of Life Metrics, and Staff Metrics. Each section is designed to help healthcare professionals monitor and improve care delivery for patients facing serious illnesses. Understand how to implement these metrics in your palliative care practices for better outcomes and higher satisfaction levels.
Defecation
Normal defecation begins with movement in the left colon, moving stool toward the anus. When stool reaches the rectum, the distention causes relaxation of the internal sphincter and an awareness of the need to defecate. At the time of defecation, the external sphincter relaxes, and abdominal muscles contract, increasing intrarectal pressure and forcing the stool out
The Valsalva maneuver exerts pressure to expel faeces through a voluntary contraction of the abdominal muscles while maintaining forced expiration against a closed airway. Patients with cardiovascular disease, glaucoma, increased intracranial pressure, or a new surgical wound are at greater risk for cardiac dysrhythmias and elevated blood pressure with the Valsalva maneuver and need to avoid straining to pass the stool.
Normal defecation is painless, resulting in passage of soft, formed stool
CONSTIPATION
Constipation is a symptom, not a disease. Improper diet, reduced fluid intake, lack of exercise, and certain medications can cause constipation. For example, patients receiving opiates for pain after surgery often require a stool softener or laxative to prevent constipation. The signs of constipation include infrequent bowel movements (less than every 3 days), difficulty passing stools, excessive straining, inability to defecate at will, and hard feaces
IMPACTION
Fecal impaction results from unrelieved constipation. It is a collection of hardened feces wedged in the rectum that a person cannot expel. In cases of severe impaction the mass extends up into the sigmoid colon.
DIARRHEA
Diarrhea is an increase in the number of stools and the passage of liquid, unformed feces. It is associated with disorders affecting digestion, absorption, and secretion in the GI tract. Intestinal contents pass through the small and large intestine too quickly to allow for the usual absorption of fluid and nutrients. Irritation within the colon results in increased mucus secretion. As a result, feces become watery, and the patient is unable to control the urge to defecate. Normally an anal bag is safe and effective in long-term treatment of patients with fecal incontinence at home, in hospice, or in the hospital. Fecal incontinence is expensive and a potentially dangerous condition in terms of contamination and risk of skin ulceration
HEMORRHOIDS
Hemorrhoids are dilated, engorged veins in the lining of the rectum. They are either external or internal.
FLATULENCE
As gas accumulates in the lumen of the intestines, the bowel wall stretches and distends (flatulence). It is a common cause of abdominal fullness, pain, and cramping. Normally intestinal gas escapes through the mouth (belching) or the anus (passing of flatus)
FECAL INCONTINENCE
Fecal incontinence is the inability to control passage of feces and gas from the anus. Incontinence harms a patient’s body image
PREPARATION AND GIVING OF LAXATIVESACCORDING TO POTTER AND PERRY,
An enema is the instillation of a solution into the rectum and sig
The dimensions of healthcare quality refer to various attributes or aspects that define the standard of healthcare services. These dimensions are used to evaluate, measure, and improve the quality of care provided to patients. A comprehensive understanding of these dimensions ensures that healthcare systems can address various aspects of patient care effectively and holistically. Dimensions of Healthcare Quality and Performance of care include the following; Appropriateness, Availability, Competence, Continuity, Effectiveness, Efficiency, Efficacy, Prevention, Respect and Care, Safety as well as Timeliness.
3. Drugs can interact with other drugs, foods, and beverages.
Interactions can either
• lessen or magnify the desired therapeutic effect of a drug,
or
• may cause unwanted or unexpected side effects.
There are thousands of possible
• drug-to-drug and
• drug-to-food interactions,
and many medications and supplements are
contraindicated (i.e. not recommended) under certain
conditions or in patients with specific diseases and
disorders.
4. This is why it is imperative
(important) that patients always
keep their physician fully informed
about
•all drugs and
•dietary supplements (including
herbal remedies) they are taking.
5. Site of drug metabolism
The primary site of drug metabolism is the liver, the organ
that plays a major role in
• metabolism,
• digestion,
• detoxification, and
• elimination of substances from the body.
Enzymes in the liver are responsible for chemically
changing drug components into substances known as
metabolites.
6. Metabolites are then bound to other substances
for excretion through
the lungs, or
bodily fluids such as saliva, sweat, breast
milk, and urine, or
through re-absorption by the intestines.
The primary mode of excretion of metabolites is
through the kidneys.
7. Food can affect the way drugs are used by the body.
The absorption of a drug can be:
reduced,
delayed, or
increased
by food consumption.
This is why
• the timing of the drugs is important, and
• people should follow the advice of doctors or pharmacists on when to
take their medications.
8. Some drugs
•are better absorbed on an empty
stomach,
•Some are better absorbed with a
meal so they remain in the
stomach for longer time.
9. If some drugs remain too long in the
stomach, they may be broken down
before they reach the intestine to be
absorbed, this may delay the
therapeutic response.
Some drugs are usually absorbed more
quickly on an empty stomach than
when taken with food.
10. When taken with food, the drug mixes with the food and it is released from the
stomach into the intestine more slowly.
For example the presence of food in the stomach
can reduce and delay the absorption two antibiotics, penicillin and amoxicillin
It can also delay the absorption of the high blood pressure medication Captopril 35 to
48%.
The exposure of Captopril to stomach acid for a longer time may cause it to
dissolve and break down too soon
11. The presence of food in the
stomach may also
• impair the absorption of the
antibiotic erythromycin by delaying
gastric emptying.
This will expose the drug to
stomach acid for a longer time,
causing it to break down too soon
12. •Food may delay absorption of
some drugs without significantly
affecting the extent (amount) of
drug absorption.
•Food may also act as a barrier by
preventing a drug from reaching
the surface of the GI tract to be
absorbed.
13. •Dairy products (milk, cream, and other dairy products)
containing calcium can prevent the absorption
of antibiotics such as
tetracycline,
doxycycline, and
ciprofloxacin
when they are taken with the drug.
• In addition, whole milk with vitamin D can
cause milk-alkali syndrome in patients taking
aluminum hydroxide antacids.
14. •Deficiency of such nutrients as calcium,
magnesium, or zinc may impair drug
metabolism
•Energy and protein deficiencies reduce tissue
levels of enzymes and may impair the
response to drugs by reducing absorption
•Drug response may also be affected by
impaired absorption due to changes in the GI
tract
15. Vitamin C deficiency is associated with
decreased activity of drug-metabolizing
enzymes.
The frequency of adverse drug reactions in the
elderly may be related to low vitamin C status.
Many drugs affect appetite, absorption, and
tissue metabolism
16. Certain drugs affect mineral metabolism.
Diuretics ( a class of drugs used to remove excess fluid from the body which
helps to lower blood pressure), especially thiazides, and
corticosteroids can cause potassium depletion,
which increases the risk of cardiac arrhythmias
(abnormal heart beats)
17. Corticosteroids are involved in a wide range of
physiological processes, including
stress response,
Immune response,
regulation of inflammations,
carbohydrates metabolism,
protein catabolism,
blood electrolyte levels, and
behavior
18. • Potassium depletion may also result
from the regular use of purgatives
(substances which cause intestinal
evacuations)
•Sodium and water retention also occurs
with
oestrogen- progesteron oral contraceptives
and
oThe use of phenylbutazone ( a drug for the
short-term treatment of pain and fever)
19. •Oral contraceptives can lower plasma zinc and
elevate copper; and
• Prolonged use of corticosteroids can lead to
osteoporosis.
Mechanisms:
Direct inhibition of osteoblast (bone forming
cells) function
Direct enhancement of bone resorption
Inhibition of gastrointestinal calcium absorption
Increased urine calcium loss
20. Vitamin metabolism is affected by certain
drugs.
Ethanol impairs thiamine absorption, and
isoniazid ( drug for treating tuberculosis) is
a niacin and pyridoxine antagonist.
Ethanol and oral contraceptives inhibit
folic acid absorption.
21. Vitamin B12 mal absorption has been reported
with
amino salicylic acid (is an antibiotic used to
treat tuberculosis),
colchicine ( drug to relieve pain from gout),
trifluoperazine (tranquilizer) ,
ethanol, and
oral contraceptives.
22. Diuretics for high blood pressure wash
potassium, magnesium, sodium, and zinc and
vitamin B12 right out of your body along with
water
Cholesterol lowering medications deplete
numerous
vitamins: B2, C,D, niacin, folic acid biotin as well
as
minerals: calcium, iron, magnesium, potassium,
zinc and several trace minerals
23. Estrogen replacement drugs e.g. Premarin , can leave you
deficient in
all the B-complex vitamins as well, as
vitamin C as well as
very important minerals to the heart (magnesium and zinc)
Antacids steal from your tissues important vitamins :
• vitamin A, Vit. B1, folic acid and
• minerals Ca, Cu, iron and phosphorus
N.B.
• Hormone replacement refers to medications containing female
hormones to replace the ones the body no longer makes after
menopause e.g. estrogen
24. Antibiotics deplete numerous
•vitamins: B2, C, D, niacin, folic acid, biotin
and
•minerals Ca, Fe, Mg, K and Zn
They also
•kill the flora that keep intestines healthy
making it unable to absorb the nutrients we
do consume
•creating the atmosphere for yeast growth.
25. From this background,
Why then do elderly people require micronutrient
supplementation?
The aged constitute only 10% of the total population but they
consume about 25% of drugs prescribed because of
increased health problems in the old age
At any age there is a risk of harmful
• drug - drug
• drug-nutrient interactions,
but elderly persons seem to have more than their share.
26. Several things contribute to this increased risk among the elderly:
•They are likely to take more drugs for longer
periods to control chronic diseases
•The elderly are at increased risk owing to:
pathophysiological changes related to aging,
endocrine dysfunction and
the common ingestion of restricted diets
•Illnesses, mental confusion or lack of drug
information may increase errors in self-care
27. Nutrients can affect drug action by
altering the:
odigestion,
oabsorption,
oDistribution and metabolism
and/or
oexcretion of the drug.
28. Drugs may exhibit their effects on nutritional status through
several avenues/ways:
• effects on food intake,
• alteration of nutrient absorption,
• alteration of nutrient metabolism and
• alteration in nutrient excretion
The rate of drug metabolism and detoxification in the liver is
much slower in older people.
So drugs remain in the body longer to exert their influence
on the metabolism of nutrients.
29. The elderly population often takes the highest amount of
medications, and with the use of multiple drugs, certain
problems may exist.
• A loss of appetite,
•a reduced sense of taste and smell, and
•swallowing problems
All these may result from medication use in elderly people
Remember,
ELDERLY PEOPLE THEREFORE NEED MICRONUTRIENT SUPPLEMENTATION
30. Recommendation
In order to maintain your healthy treatment from
your medication. Then track food and nutrients
setbacks
For any personal assistance
Email us on.
internationalnutritionist@gmail.com
References………….
31. References
1. Ismail (2009). Drug-Food Interactions and Role of Pharmacist. Asian Journal of
Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, vol 2(4):1-10.
2. . Størmer FC, Reistad R, Alexander J. Glycyrrhizic acid in liquorice–evaluation of health
hazard. Food Chem Toxicol 1993. Apr;31(4):303-312 10.1016/0278-6915(93)90080
3. . Serra A, Uehlinger DE, Ferrari P, Dick B, Frey BM, Frey FJ, et al. Glycyrrhetinic acid
decreases plasma potassium concentration in patients with anuria. G. Am. Soc.
Nephrol. 2002;13:191-196
4. . Ploeger B, Mensinga T, Sips A, Seinen W, Meulenbelt J, DeJongh J. The
pharmacokinetics of glycyrrhizic acid evaluated by physiologically based
pharmacokinetic modeling. Drug Metab Rev 2001. May;33(2):125-147 10.1081/DMR-
100104400
5. . Størmer FC, Reistad R, Alexander J. Glycyrrhizic acid in liquorice–evaluation of health
hazard. Food Chem Toxicol 1993. Apr;31(4):303-312 10.1016/0278-6915(93)90080-I
6. . Van H.K., Grundmeijer, H.G. (2007). Hypertension due to liquorice and liquorice tea
consumption. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. ; 22;151(51):2825-8. [PubMed]
7. . Hodel M, Genné D. Rev Med Suisse. Antibiotics: drug and food interactions. 2009 Oct
7;5(220):1979-84. [PubMed]
8. 45. McCabe BJ, Frankel EH, Wolfe JJ, eds. Hand book of food-drug Interactions (2003),
CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp. 2.