The document provides information on problem solving and office automation. It discusses key concepts like algorithms, program development cycles, and control structures. For algorithms, it covers characteristics, representations using flowcharts and pseudocode, and examples. The main program development methodologies covered are the program planning method and waterfall method. Control structures discussed include sequence, selection, and looping. Examples provided include finding largest of three numbers, quadratic equation, swapping variables, and checking leap year.
This document provides examples of algorithms and program development methodologies. It discusses problem solving steps, program development cycles like waterfall method, and control structures like sequence, selection, and loops. Examples provided include finding the largest of three numbers, calculating the area of a circle, and reversing a number. Pseudocode and flowcharts are used to represent the algorithms.
This document provides examples of algorithms and program development methodologies. It discusses problem solving steps, program development cycles like waterfall method, and control structures like sequence, selection, and loops. Examples provided include finding the largest of three numbers, calculating factorials, and reversing a number. Pseudocode and flowcharts are used to represent the algorithms.
The document discusses algorithms, flowcharts, and pseudocode. It begins by defining algorithms as step-by-step processes to solve problems and notes that computer programs are algorithms written in a programming language. It then discusses flowcharts as visual representations of algorithms using standard symbols. The rest of the document provides details on flowchart symbols, rules for flowcharting, examples of flowcharts, and exercises to create flowcharts. It also defines pseudocode as a way to describe algorithms in plain English and provides examples of how to write pseudocode using basic programming constructs like sequence, selection, and repetition.
This document discusses the steps involved in programming. It explains that programming involves understanding the problem, designing a solution, writing an algorithm and flowchart, coding the program, testing and debugging it, and documenting it. It provides examples of algorithms to add two numbers and calculate the area of a triangle. It also describes some key programming concepts like what a program and algorithm are, common programming languages, and symbols used in flowcharting.
The document defines algorithms and different representations of algorithms such as normal English, flow charts, pseudo code, and programs. It provides examples of different control structures like sequence, selection, and repetition. Key points include: algorithms must be unambiguous, terminate in a finite number of steps, and time, memory, accuracy and generality are qualities of a good algorithm. Pseudo code uses keywords and indentation to represent program logic clearly. Flow charts use standard symbols and avoid intersecting lines to depict a process visually. Control structures determine the order of execution through sequencing, conditional checks, or repeated execution.
C is a general-purpose programming language developed in the 1970s. The lecture discusses C's history and uses, and outlines the typical program development cycle of requirement analysis, design, implementation, testing, and documentation. It also introduces common programming tools like algorithms, pseudocode, flowcharts, and hierarchy charts to plan and design programs before coding.
This slide is talk about the Algorithm in Programming,for child who learn and train with Teachnovation.Most of this lesson show about the basic of concept OOP also
Algorithm for computational problematic sitSaurabh846965
A computer requires precise instructions from a user in order to perform tasks correctly. It has no inherent intelligence or ability to solve problems on its own. For a computer to solve a problem, a programmer must break the problem down into a series of simple steps and write program code that provides those step-by-step instructions in a language the computer can understand. This process involves understanding the problem, analyzing it, developing a solution algorithm, and coding the algorithm so the computer can execute it. Flowcharts can help visualize algorithms and problem-solving logic in a graphical format before writing program code.
This document provides examples of algorithms and program development methodologies. It discusses problem solving steps, program development cycles like waterfall method, and control structures like sequence, selection, and loops. Examples provided include finding the largest of three numbers, calculating the area of a circle, and reversing a number. Pseudocode and flowcharts are used to represent the algorithms.
This document provides examples of algorithms and program development methodologies. It discusses problem solving steps, program development cycles like waterfall method, and control structures like sequence, selection, and loops. Examples provided include finding the largest of three numbers, calculating factorials, and reversing a number. Pseudocode and flowcharts are used to represent the algorithms.
The document discusses algorithms, flowcharts, and pseudocode. It begins by defining algorithms as step-by-step processes to solve problems and notes that computer programs are algorithms written in a programming language. It then discusses flowcharts as visual representations of algorithms using standard symbols. The rest of the document provides details on flowchart symbols, rules for flowcharting, examples of flowcharts, and exercises to create flowcharts. It also defines pseudocode as a way to describe algorithms in plain English and provides examples of how to write pseudocode using basic programming constructs like sequence, selection, and repetition.
This document discusses the steps involved in programming. It explains that programming involves understanding the problem, designing a solution, writing an algorithm and flowchart, coding the program, testing and debugging it, and documenting it. It provides examples of algorithms to add two numbers and calculate the area of a triangle. It also describes some key programming concepts like what a program and algorithm are, common programming languages, and symbols used in flowcharting.
The document defines algorithms and different representations of algorithms such as normal English, flow charts, pseudo code, and programs. It provides examples of different control structures like sequence, selection, and repetition. Key points include: algorithms must be unambiguous, terminate in a finite number of steps, and time, memory, accuracy and generality are qualities of a good algorithm. Pseudo code uses keywords and indentation to represent program logic clearly. Flow charts use standard symbols and avoid intersecting lines to depict a process visually. Control structures determine the order of execution through sequencing, conditional checks, or repeated execution.
C is a general-purpose programming language developed in the 1970s. The lecture discusses C's history and uses, and outlines the typical program development cycle of requirement analysis, design, implementation, testing, and documentation. It also introduces common programming tools like algorithms, pseudocode, flowcharts, and hierarchy charts to plan and design programs before coding.
This slide is talk about the Algorithm in Programming,for child who learn and train with Teachnovation.Most of this lesson show about the basic of concept OOP also
Algorithm for computational problematic sitSaurabh846965
A computer requires precise instructions from a user in order to perform tasks correctly. It has no inherent intelligence or ability to solve problems on its own. For a computer to solve a problem, a programmer must break the problem down into a series of simple steps and write program code that provides those step-by-step instructions in a language the computer can understand. This process involves understanding the problem, analyzing it, developing a solution algorithm, and coding the algorithm so the computer can execute it. Flowcharts can help visualize algorithms and problem-solving logic in a graphical format before writing program code.
The document discusses problem solving techniques in computer programming. It describes problem solving as a systematic process of defining a problem and generating multiple solutions. The key steps involve understanding the problem, analyzing it, developing a solution, and coding and implementing it. Common techniques for representing problem solving processes and solutions include algorithms, flowcharts, pseudocode, and programs. An algorithm is defined as a step-by-step procedure to solve a problem precisely using a finite number of instructions. Control flow refers to executing statements in a given order, such as sequence, selection, or iteration. Functions allow breaking problems into smaller subtasks and reusing code.
The document discusses problem solving skills in computer programming. It explains the four basic operations of input, output, processing, and storage. It provides examples of how each operation is represented in pseudocode. The document also outlines the steps for problem solving, including defining the problem, creating an algorithm using pseudocode, and implementing the algorithm in a programming language. It provides examples of algorithms and flowcharts to illustrate problem solving techniques.
This document outlines the key concepts and steps involved in programming logic and practices, including:
1) The main steps in the programming process are problem identification, designing algorithms and flowcharts, coding, compiling, debugging, execution and testing, and documentation.
2) An algorithm is a series of steps to solve a problem, while a flowchart uses visual symbols to represent the flow of an algorithm. Pseudocode describes algorithms in plain language rather than code.
3) Coding involves writing instructions in a programming language based on the algorithm and flowchart. Compilation translates source code into machine code, while debugging detects and fixes errors.
The document discusses algorithms and their characteristics. It defines an algorithm as a step-by-step procedure for solving a problem. Algorithms must have a finite number of unambiguous steps and result in the desired output. The document also discusses the building blocks of algorithms like statements, control flow, functions. It provides examples of different algorithm structures like sequence, selection, iteration. Finally, it discusses representations of algorithms using pseudocode, flowcharts and programming languages.
Flow charts are diagrams that represent a sequence of steps to solve a problem. They use standard symbols to visually depict the logic and processes within a program or system. Flow charts facilitate communication between programmers and non-technical stakeholders. Guidelines for effective flow charts include using a logical structure, clear symbols, and ensuring the chart has a defined start and end. Pseudocode and structured English are additional tools to represent programming logic at a higher level before implementation in a specific coding language.
Introduction
The term problem solving is used in many disciplines, sometimes with different perspectives and
often with different terminologies. The problem-solving process starts with the problem
specification and end with a correct program.
The steps to follow in the problem-solving process are:
Problem definition
Problem Analysis
Algorithm development
Coding
Testing & Debugging
Documentation & Maintenance
The stages of analysis, design, programming, implementation and maintenance form the life cycle
of the system.
This document provides an overview of problem solving and Python programming. It discusses computational thinking and problem solving, including identifying computational problems, algorithms, building blocks of algorithms, and illustrative problems. It also discusses algorithmic problem solving techniques like iteration and recursion. Finally, it briefly introduces the course titled "GE8151-PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING".
The document discusses algorithms, flowcharts, and problem solving. It provides examples of writing pseudocode and algorithms to solve problems. It also explains the basic symbols used in flowcharts and provides examples of flowcharts. Key points include:
- Algorithms are step-by-step solutions to problems, while flowcharts show the logic visually using standard symbols.
- Pseudocode is an informal language similar to English that helps develop algorithms.
- Examples show algorithms and flowcharts for calculating grades, converting feet to centimeters, and finding the area of a rectangle.
- Standard flowchart symbols include shapes for start/end, processes, inputs/outputs, and decisions.
CLASS VIII COMPUTERS FLOW CHART AND ALGORITHMRc Os
The document defines algorithms and flowcharts. It provides examples of algorithms for basic mathematical operations like addition, subtraction, finding greatest numbers. It also defines the key components of an algorithm like inputs, outputs, finite steps. Additionally, it defines the symbols used in a flowchart like terminal, input/output, process, decision, flow direction and connector symbols. Examples of flowcharts are given for algorithms like addition of two numbers and finding greatest among three numbers.
The document discusses algorithms and how to represent them using pseudocode and flowcharts. It provides examples of algorithms to calculate student grades and averages, and represents them in pseudocode and flowcharts. The key steps are to define the inputs, processing such as calculations, and outputs. Pseudocode uses a natural language format while flowcharts use graphical symbols to depict the program logic and flow.
The document provides an overview of computational thinking and problem solving. It discusses key concepts like algorithms, the building blocks of algorithms including statements, state, control flow, functions. It also covers different notations for representing algorithms - pseudocode, flowcharts, programming languages. Some key aspects covered include the definition of an algorithm, properties and qualities of a good algorithm. Examples are provided for different algorithm concepts like finding the minimum/maximum value, sorting cards etc.
Here are the steps to solve the problems using IPO table, pseudo code and flowchart:
1. Define the problem and understand requirements
2. Make IPO table:
- Input, Process, Output
3. Write pseudo code using proper indentation and comments
4. Draw flowchart using standard symbols
5. Test and debug the program
This systematic approach helps analyze the problem, design the algorithm and implement it properly. The key is breaking down the problem into smaller understandable steps.
The document summarizes the topics covered in an introduction to programming and problem solving lecture, including: 1) the six basic computer operations, 2) what programming is and the steps of program development, 3) structured programming and the three main control structures (sequence, selection, repetition), 4) data and data structures, and 5) two examples (calculating the area and circumference of a circle and solving a payroll problem) to illustrate the concepts.
The document discusses algorithms and flowcharts. It defines an algorithm as a step-by-step method for solving a problem and notes that algorithms are generally written in plain English or represented visually using flowcharts. It also provides an example algorithm to print numbers from 1 to 20 and discusses the basic symbols used in flowcharts like terminals, input/output, processing, and decision shapes. Advantages of algorithms include being easy to write and understand while disadvantages include being hard to debug. Advantages of flowcharts are listed as effective analysis, communication, efficient coding and debugging while disadvantages include complexity with some logic and rework needed for alterations.
An algorithm is a set of steps to solve a problem. It has four characteristics: finiteness, definiteness, effectiveness, and inputs/outputs. To develop an algorithm, one identifies the inputs, outputs, logic, breaks the logic into simple steps, and writes the steps in order. A flowchart is a pictorial representation of an algorithm that uses standard symbols like rectangles, diamonds, and arrows. It shows the flow of instructions and is easier to understand than an algorithm. Examples are provided to write algorithms and flowcharts to convert feet to centimeters and calculate the area of a rectangle.
algorithms and flow chart overview.pdfAmanPratik11
This document discusses algorithms, flowcharts, and pseudocode. It provides examples of algorithms and flowcharts to calculate a student's grade, convert feet to centimeters, calculate the area of a rectangle, and find the roots of a quadratic equation. Algorithms are step-by-step solutions to problems, while flowcharts use graphical symbols to represent the logic and steps of an algorithm. Pseudocode is an informal language that helps develop algorithms. The document also lists common flowchart symbols and provides exercises to create algorithms and flowcharts.
The document discusses algorithms and flowcharts for solving problems. It defines an algorithm as a set of sequential steps to solve a problem and notes that there are various techniques for specifying algorithms, including formally, informally, mathematically, or through graphical flowcharts. The document provides examples of algorithms to solve common problems and explains the properties and steps involved in algorithm development. It also describes flowcharts as a visual representation of an algorithm using standard symbols like ovals, rectangles, and diamonds to indicate starts/stops, processes, and decisions.
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...IJECEIAES
Medical image analysis has witnessed significant advancements with deep learning techniques. In the domain of brain tumor segmentation, the ability to
precisely delineate tumor boundaries from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
scans holds profound implications for diagnosis. This study presents an ensemble convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning, integrating
the state-of-the-art Deeplabv3+ architecture with the ResNet18 backbone. The
model is rigorously trained and evaluated, exhibiting remarkable performance
metrics, including an impressive global accuracy of 99.286%, a high-class accuracy of 82.191%, a mean intersection over union (IoU) of 79.900%, a weighted
IoU of 98.620%, and a Boundary F1 (BF) score of 83.303%. Notably, a detailed comparative analysis with existing methods showcases the superiority of
our proposed model. These findings underscore the model’s competence in precise brain tumor localization, underscoring its potential to revolutionize medical
image analysis and enhance healthcare outcomes. This research paves the way
for future exploration and optimization of advanced CNN models in medical
imaging, emphasizing addressing false positives and resource efficiency.
Batteries -Introduction – Types of Batteries – discharging and charging of battery - characteristics of battery –battery rating- various tests on battery- – Primary battery: silver button cell- Secondary battery :Ni-Cd battery-modern battery: lithium ion battery-maintenance of batteries-choices of batteries for electric vehicle applications.
Fuel Cells: Introduction- importance and classification of fuel cells - description, principle, components, applications of fuel cells: H2-O2 fuel cell, alkaline fuel cell, molten carbonate fuel cell and direct methanol fuel cells.
The document discusses problem solving techniques in computer programming. It describes problem solving as a systematic process of defining a problem and generating multiple solutions. The key steps involve understanding the problem, analyzing it, developing a solution, and coding and implementing it. Common techniques for representing problem solving processes and solutions include algorithms, flowcharts, pseudocode, and programs. An algorithm is defined as a step-by-step procedure to solve a problem precisely using a finite number of instructions. Control flow refers to executing statements in a given order, such as sequence, selection, or iteration. Functions allow breaking problems into smaller subtasks and reusing code.
The document discusses problem solving skills in computer programming. It explains the four basic operations of input, output, processing, and storage. It provides examples of how each operation is represented in pseudocode. The document also outlines the steps for problem solving, including defining the problem, creating an algorithm using pseudocode, and implementing the algorithm in a programming language. It provides examples of algorithms and flowcharts to illustrate problem solving techniques.
This document outlines the key concepts and steps involved in programming logic and practices, including:
1) The main steps in the programming process are problem identification, designing algorithms and flowcharts, coding, compiling, debugging, execution and testing, and documentation.
2) An algorithm is a series of steps to solve a problem, while a flowchart uses visual symbols to represent the flow of an algorithm. Pseudocode describes algorithms in plain language rather than code.
3) Coding involves writing instructions in a programming language based on the algorithm and flowchart. Compilation translates source code into machine code, while debugging detects and fixes errors.
The document discusses algorithms and their characteristics. It defines an algorithm as a step-by-step procedure for solving a problem. Algorithms must have a finite number of unambiguous steps and result in the desired output. The document also discusses the building blocks of algorithms like statements, control flow, functions. It provides examples of different algorithm structures like sequence, selection, iteration. Finally, it discusses representations of algorithms using pseudocode, flowcharts and programming languages.
Flow charts are diagrams that represent a sequence of steps to solve a problem. They use standard symbols to visually depict the logic and processes within a program or system. Flow charts facilitate communication between programmers and non-technical stakeholders. Guidelines for effective flow charts include using a logical structure, clear symbols, and ensuring the chart has a defined start and end. Pseudocode and structured English are additional tools to represent programming logic at a higher level before implementation in a specific coding language.
Introduction
The term problem solving is used in many disciplines, sometimes with different perspectives and
often with different terminologies. The problem-solving process starts with the problem
specification and end with a correct program.
The steps to follow in the problem-solving process are:
Problem definition
Problem Analysis
Algorithm development
Coding
Testing & Debugging
Documentation & Maintenance
The stages of analysis, design, programming, implementation and maintenance form the life cycle
of the system.
This document provides an overview of problem solving and Python programming. It discusses computational thinking and problem solving, including identifying computational problems, algorithms, building blocks of algorithms, and illustrative problems. It also discusses algorithmic problem solving techniques like iteration and recursion. Finally, it briefly introduces the course titled "GE8151-PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING".
The document discusses algorithms, flowcharts, and problem solving. It provides examples of writing pseudocode and algorithms to solve problems. It also explains the basic symbols used in flowcharts and provides examples of flowcharts. Key points include:
- Algorithms are step-by-step solutions to problems, while flowcharts show the logic visually using standard symbols.
- Pseudocode is an informal language similar to English that helps develop algorithms.
- Examples show algorithms and flowcharts for calculating grades, converting feet to centimeters, and finding the area of a rectangle.
- Standard flowchart symbols include shapes for start/end, processes, inputs/outputs, and decisions.
CLASS VIII COMPUTERS FLOW CHART AND ALGORITHMRc Os
The document defines algorithms and flowcharts. It provides examples of algorithms for basic mathematical operations like addition, subtraction, finding greatest numbers. It also defines the key components of an algorithm like inputs, outputs, finite steps. Additionally, it defines the symbols used in a flowchart like terminal, input/output, process, decision, flow direction and connector symbols. Examples of flowcharts are given for algorithms like addition of two numbers and finding greatest among three numbers.
The document discusses algorithms and how to represent them using pseudocode and flowcharts. It provides examples of algorithms to calculate student grades and averages, and represents them in pseudocode and flowcharts. The key steps are to define the inputs, processing such as calculations, and outputs. Pseudocode uses a natural language format while flowcharts use graphical symbols to depict the program logic and flow.
The document provides an overview of computational thinking and problem solving. It discusses key concepts like algorithms, the building blocks of algorithms including statements, state, control flow, functions. It also covers different notations for representing algorithms - pseudocode, flowcharts, programming languages. Some key aspects covered include the definition of an algorithm, properties and qualities of a good algorithm. Examples are provided for different algorithm concepts like finding the minimum/maximum value, sorting cards etc.
Here are the steps to solve the problems using IPO table, pseudo code and flowchart:
1. Define the problem and understand requirements
2. Make IPO table:
- Input, Process, Output
3. Write pseudo code using proper indentation and comments
4. Draw flowchart using standard symbols
5. Test and debug the program
This systematic approach helps analyze the problem, design the algorithm and implement it properly. The key is breaking down the problem into smaller understandable steps.
The document summarizes the topics covered in an introduction to programming and problem solving lecture, including: 1) the six basic computer operations, 2) what programming is and the steps of program development, 3) structured programming and the three main control structures (sequence, selection, repetition), 4) data and data structures, and 5) two examples (calculating the area and circumference of a circle and solving a payroll problem) to illustrate the concepts.
The document discusses algorithms and flowcharts. It defines an algorithm as a step-by-step method for solving a problem and notes that algorithms are generally written in plain English or represented visually using flowcharts. It also provides an example algorithm to print numbers from 1 to 20 and discusses the basic symbols used in flowcharts like terminals, input/output, processing, and decision shapes. Advantages of algorithms include being easy to write and understand while disadvantages include being hard to debug. Advantages of flowcharts are listed as effective analysis, communication, efficient coding and debugging while disadvantages include complexity with some logic and rework needed for alterations.
An algorithm is a set of steps to solve a problem. It has four characteristics: finiteness, definiteness, effectiveness, and inputs/outputs. To develop an algorithm, one identifies the inputs, outputs, logic, breaks the logic into simple steps, and writes the steps in order. A flowchart is a pictorial representation of an algorithm that uses standard symbols like rectangles, diamonds, and arrows. It shows the flow of instructions and is easier to understand than an algorithm. Examples are provided to write algorithms and flowcharts to convert feet to centimeters and calculate the area of a rectangle.
algorithms and flow chart overview.pdfAmanPratik11
This document discusses algorithms, flowcharts, and pseudocode. It provides examples of algorithms and flowcharts to calculate a student's grade, convert feet to centimeters, calculate the area of a rectangle, and find the roots of a quadratic equation. Algorithms are step-by-step solutions to problems, while flowcharts use graphical symbols to represent the logic and steps of an algorithm. Pseudocode is an informal language that helps develop algorithms. The document also lists common flowchart symbols and provides exercises to create algorithms and flowcharts.
The document discusses algorithms and flowcharts for solving problems. It defines an algorithm as a set of sequential steps to solve a problem and notes that there are various techniques for specifying algorithms, including formally, informally, mathematically, or through graphical flowcharts. The document provides examples of algorithms to solve common problems and explains the properties and steps involved in algorithm development. It also describes flowcharts as a visual representation of an algorithm using standard symbols like ovals, rectangles, and diamonds to indicate starts/stops, processes, and decisions.
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...IJECEIAES
Medical image analysis has witnessed significant advancements with deep learning techniques. In the domain of brain tumor segmentation, the ability to
precisely delineate tumor boundaries from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
scans holds profound implications for diagnosis. This study presents an ensemble convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning, integrating
the state-of-the-art Deeplabv3+ architecture with the ResNet18 backbone. The
model is rigorously trained and evaluated, exhibiting remarkable performance
metrics, including an impressive global accuracy of 99.286%, a high-class accuracy of 82.191%, a mean intersection over union (IoU) of 79.900%, a weighted
IoU of 98.620%, and a Boundary F1 (BF) score of 83.303%. Notably, a detailed comparative analysis with existing methods showcases the superiority of
our proposed model. These findings underscore the model’s competence in precise brain tumor localization, underscoring its potential to revolutionize medical
image analysis and enhance healthcare outcomes. This research paves the way
for future exploration and optimization of advanced CNN models in medical
imaging, emphasizing addressing false positives and resource efficiency.
Batteries -Introduction – Types of Batteries – discharging and charging of battery - characteristics of battery –battery rating- various tests on battery- – Primary battery: silver button cell- Secondary battery :Ni-Cd battery-modern battery: lithium ion battery-maintenance of batteries-choices of batteries for electric vehicle applications.
Fuel Cells: Introduction- importance and classification of fuel cells - description, principle, components, applications of fuel cells: H2-O2 fuel cell, alkaline fuel cell, molten carbonate fuel cell and direct methanol fuel cells.
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMSIJNSA Journal
The smart irrigation system represents an innovative approach to optimize water usage in agricultural and landscaping practices. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, including sensors, actuators, and data analysis, empowers this system to provide accurate monitoring and control of irrigation processes by leveraging real-time environmental conditions. The main objective of a smart irrigation system is to optimize water efficiency, minimize expenses, and foster the adoption of sustainable water management methods. This paper conducts a systematic risk assessment by exploring the key components/assets and their functionalities in the smart irrigation system. The crucial role of sensors in gathering data on soil moisture, weather patterns, and plant well-being is emphasized in this system. These sensors enable intelligent decision-making in irrigation scheduling and water distribution, leading to enhanced water efficiency and sustainable water management practices. Actuators enable automated control of irrigation devices, ensuring precise and targeted water delivery to plants. Additionally, the paper addresses the potential threat and vulnerabilities associated with smart irrigation systems. It discusses limitations of the system, such as power constraints and computational capabilities, and calculates the potential security risks. The paper suggests possible risk treatment methods for effective secure system operation. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the significant benefits of implementing smart irrigation systems, including improved water conservation, increased crop yield, and reduced environmental impact. Additionally, based on the security analysis conducted, the paper recommends the implementation of countermeasures and security approaches to address vulnerabilities and ensure the integrity and reliability of the system. By incorporating these measures, smart irrigation technology can revolutionize water management practices in agriculture, promoting sustainability, resource efficiency, and safeguarding against potential security threats.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024Sinan KOZAK
Sinan from the Delivery Hero mobile infrastructure engineering team shares a deep dive into performance acceleration with Gradle build cache optimizations. Sinan shares their journey into solving complex build-cache problems that affect Gradle builds. By understanding the challenges and solutions found in our journey, we aim to demonstrate the possibilities for faster builds. The case study reveals how overlapping outputs and cache misconfigurations led to significant increases in build times, especially as the project scaled up with numerous modules using Paparazzi tests. The journey from diagnosing to defeating cache issues offers invaluable lessons on maintaining cache integrity without sacrificing functionality.
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELgerogepatton
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
ACEP Magazine edition 4th launched on 05.06.2024Rahul
This document provides information about the third edition of the magazine "Sthapatya" published by the Association of Civil Engineers (Practicing) Aurangabad. It includes messages from current and past presidents of ACEP, memories and photos from past ACEP events, information on life time achievement awards given by ACEP, and a technical article on concrete maintenance, repairs and strengthening. The document highlights activities of ACEP and provides a technical educational article for members.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
3. Problem Solving Steps
• Analyse the problem.
• Identify the solution for the problem and
divide it into small task.
• Algorithm has to be prepared.
• Based on the algorithm the program will
be created.
• Then it has to be executed.
6. • Specification review
– collect the requirements
– understand the requirements
• Informal Design
– Identifies the major tasks
– Identifies the subtasks
• Formal Design
– It converts the informal design to some format
that can be understand by others.
7. • Coding
– It converts the Design into Programs.
– It translate these programs to machine
language.
• Test & Debug
– It use sample data to test whether it works
properly.
– It also eliminate the errors.
10. • Feasibility
–It determines whether it is possible to
create the project or not.
–It also produce the plans and the
estimates.
• Analysis
–It get the requirements from the
customer.
–It analysis the requirements.
11. • Design
–It is the process of designing how the
requirements to be implemented.
• Implementation
–It converts the designs into code.
–After coding it use language translators
to compile the code.
12. • Testing
–Here the modules are integrated
together.
–Then the project is tested and find
whether it meets the customer/user
requirements.
• Maintenance
–It make modifications based on the
customer feedbacks.
13. Algorithm
• Algorithm is a finite sequence of
instructions required for producing the
desired result.
14. Characteristics
• The steps in the algorithm must be
unambiguous .
• It should be written in sequence.
• Ensure that the algorithm will terminate.
• It should conclude after a finite number of
steps.
15. Factors used to judge the algorithm
• Time
• Memory
• Accuracy
• Sequence etc,.
17. Example
• Addition of two numbers
Step1: Start
Step2: Read a, b
Step3: Add the value of a with b and
store the result in c.
Step4: Display the value of c
Step5: Stop
19. Flowchart Symbols
• Terminal symbol
– It is used to represent the start, end of the
program logic.
• Input/Output
– It is used for input or output.
• Process Symbol
– It is used to represent the calculations, data
movements, initialization operations etc,.
20. • Decision Symbol
– It is used to denote a decision to be made at
that point
• Flow lines
– It is used to connect the symbols
• Connectors
– It is used to connect the flow lines.
21. Guidelines for preparing flowcharts
• It should be simple.
• Standard symbols should be used.
• The flow lines should not intersect each
others.
• In case of complex flowcharts use the
connectors symbols.
22. • Only one flow line should enter the
process symbol and only one flow line
should come out from a process symbol.
• Only one flow line used with the terminal
symbol.
START
STOP
23. • Only one flow line should enter the
decision symbol and two or three flowlines
may leave from the decision symbol.
24. Benefits of Flowcharts
• Makes Logic Clear
• Communication
• Effective Analysis
• Useful in coding
• Useful in Testing etc,.
25. Limits of Flowcharts
• It is difficult to use flowcharts for large
program
• Difficult to modify
• Cost etc,.
26. Pseudocode
• Pseudo means imitates and code means
instruction.
• It is formal design tool.
• It is also called Program Design Language.
28. Guideline for writing Pseudocode
• Steps should be understandable
• Capitalize the keyword.
• Indent to show hierarchy.
• End multiple line structure etc,.
31. Advantage & Disadvantage
• It can be easily modified
• It can be understood easily
• Compare to flowchart it is difficult to
understand the program logic.
32. Sequence control structure
Flow chart Pseudocode
Process 1
Process 2
Process n
Process 2
Process n
Process 1
Design Structures
33. Sequence control structure
• The instructions are computed in
sequence i.e. it performs instruction
one after another.
• It uses top-down approach.
Design Structures
35. SELECTION CONTROL STRUCTURE
• It is used for making decisions.
• It allows the program to make a choice
from alternative paths.
• IF …THEN
• IF …THEN… ELSE
• CASE etc.,
40. CASE structure
Pseudocode Flow chart
.
.
CASE Type
Case Type-1:
Process 1
Case Type-2:
Process 2
.
.
Case Type-n:
Process n
.
.
END CASE
Type 1
Type 2
Type 3
Process 1
Process 2
Process 3
no
no
no
yes
yes
yes
47. Example: Finding the area of a circle
Algorithm
Step1: Start
Step2: Read the value of r
Step3: Calculate area = 3.14*r*r
Step4: Print area
Step5: Stop
50. Find the largest among three Numbers
Algorithm
Step1: Start
Step2: Read the value of a, b, c
Step3: IF (a>b) and (a>c) THEN
print a is largest
ELSE IF (b>c) THEN
print b is largest
ELSE
print c is largest
Step4: Stop
51. Pseudocode
READ a, b, c
IF (a>b) and (a>c) THEN
WRITE a is largest
ELSE IF (b>c) THEN
WRITE b is largest
ELSE
WRITE c is largest
ENDIF
stop
54. Finding roots of the Quadratic equation
Step:1 Start
Step:2 Enter the values of a,b,c
Step:3 Find the value of D Using the Formula,
D = b*b-4*a*c
Step:4 If D is greater than or equal to zero find 2
roots
root1(-b+sqrt(D))/(2*a)
root2(-b-sqrt(D))/(2*a)
Step:5 Print root1 & root2
Step:6 If D is less than zero, then print the roots
are imaginary
Step:7 Stop
55. Pseudocode
Set root1,root2
READ the value of a, b, c
Find D b*b-4*a*c
IF D>=0 THEN
calculate root1=(-b+sqrt(D))/(2*a)
root2=(-b-sqrt(D))/(2*a)
ELSE
Roots are imaginary
END IF
WRITE root1,root2
Stop
61. Swapping two variables without using
another variable
Algorithm
Step1: Start
Step2: Read the value of a, b
Step3: a = a + b
b = a - b
a = a - b
Step4: Print the value of a and b
Step5: Stop
64. Finding the year is leap year or not
Algorithm
Step1: Start
Step2: Read the value of year
Step3: IF year % 4 ==0 THEN
print It is a Leap year
ELSE
print It is not a Leap year
Step4: Stop
67. Finding the Factorial
Algorithm
Step1: Start
Step2: Read the value of n and set i =1
Step3: While i <= n do
fact =fact * i
i = i + 1
else Goto step5
Step4: Goto step 3
Step5: print the value of fact
Step6: Stop
68. Pseudocode
READ the value of n and set i =1
WHILE (i <= n) do
fact =fact * i
i = i + 1
ENDWHILE
Repeat the loop until condition fails
WRITE fact
stop
70. Finding the Sum of the digits
Algorithm
Step1: Start
Step2: Read the value of n and set i = 0, sum = 0
Step3: While n>0 do
r=n%10
sum=sum + r
n=n/10
else Goto step5
Step4: Goto step 3
Step5: print the value of sum
Step6: Stop
71. Pseudocode
READ the value of n and set i =0, sum=0
WHILE (n>0) do
r=n%10
sum=sum + r
n=n/10
ENDWHILE
Repeat the loop until condition fails
WRITE sum
stop
72. Flowchart Start
r = 0,sum=0
r=n%10
sum=sum + r
n=n/10
Print sum
while
n>0
stop
no
yes
Read n
73. Finding the Reverse of a Number
Algorithm
Step1: Start
Step2: Read the value of n and set i = 0, sum = 0
Step3: While n>0 do
r=n%10
sum=sum *10 + r
n=n/10
else Goto step5
Step4: Goto step 3
Step5: print the value of sum
Step6: Stop
74. Pseudocode
READ the value of n and set i =0, sum=0
WHILE (n>0) do
r=n%10
sum=sum *10 + r
n=n/10
ENDWHILE
Repeat the loop until condition fails
WRITE sum
stop
75. Flowchart Start
r = 0,sum=0
r=n%10
sum=sum *10 + r
n=n/10
Print sum
while
n>0
stop
no
yes
Read n
77. Finding an Armstrong Number
Algorithm
Step1: Start
Step2: Read the value of n and set a = n, sum = 0
Step3: While n>0 do
r=n%10
sum=sum + r*r*r
n=n/10
else Goto step5
Step4: Goto step 3
Step5: If a = sum then
Print Armstrong Number
Else
Print It is Not an Armstrong Number
Endif
Step6: Stop
78. Pseudocode
READ the value of n and set a =n, sum=0
WHILE (n>0) do
r=n%10
sum=sum + r*r*r
n=n/10
ENDWHILE
Repeat the loop until condition fails
IF a=sum THEN
WRITE Armstrong Number
ELSE
WRITE It is not an Armstrong Number
ENDIF
stop
79. Flowchart Start
a = n,sum=0
r=n%10
sum=sum + r*r*r
n=n/10
Print Armstrong No
while
n>0
stop
no
yes
Read n
if
a=sum
Print It is Not an
Armstrong No
81. Finding the Fibonacci series
Algorithm
Step1: Start
Step2: Read the value of n and set f=0,f1=-1, f2=1
Step3: While (f<n) do
f=f1+f2
f1=f2
f2=f
Print f
else Goto step5
Step4: Goto step 3
Step5: Stop
82. Pseudocode
READ the value of n and set f=0 ,f1=-1, f2=1
WHILE (f<n) do
f=f1+f2
f1=f2
f2=f
WRITE f
ENDWHILE
Repeat the loop until condition fails
stop
87. Conversion of Fahrenheit to Celsius
Algorithm
Step1: Start
Step2: Read the value of Fahrenheit
Step3:Calculate Celsius =(Fahrenheit – 32)/1.8
Step4: Print Celsius
Step5: Stop
90. Finding the sum of odd number between 1 to n
Algorithm
Step1: Start
Step2: Read the value of n and set sum=0,i=1
Step3: While (i<=n) do
sum=sum+i
i=i+2
else Goto step5
Step4: Goto step 3
Step5: Print sum
Step6: Stop
91. Pseudocode
READ the value of n and set sum=0,i=1
WHILE (i<=n) do
sum=sum+i
i=i+2
ENDWHILE
Repeat the loop until condition fails
WRITE sum
stop
93. Finding the sum of even number between 1 to n
Algorithm
Step1: Start
Step2: Read the value of n and set sum=0,i=0
Step3: While (i<=n) do
sum=sum+i
i=i+2
else Goto step 5
Step4: Goto step 3
Step5: Print sum
Step6: Stop
94. Pseudocode
READ the value of n and set sum=0,i=0
WHILE (i<=n) do
sum=sum+i
i=i+2
ENDWHILE
Repeat the loop until condition fails
WRITE sum
stop
96. Conversion of Binary number to Decimal
Algorithm
Step1: Start
Step2: Read the value of n and set i = 0, sum = 0
Step3: While n>0 do
r=n%10
sum=sum + r*pow(2,i)
n=n/10
i=i+1
else Goto step5
Step4: Goto step 3
Step5: print the value of sum
Step6: Stop
97. Pseudocode
READ the value of n and set i =0, sum=0
WHILE (n>0) do
r=n%10
sum=sum + r*pow(2,i)
n=n/10
i=i+1
ENDWHILE
Repeat the loop until condition fails
WRITE sum
stop
100. Application software
• Set of programs, which is used to perform
some specific task.
• Example:
• Word processor
• Spreadsheet program
• Database program etc,.
102. • Creating a New Document
File New (or) ctrl+N
(or) clicking the new button
• Opening a Document
File Open (or) ctrl+O
(or) clicking the open button
103. • Saving a New Document
File Save (or) ctrl+S
(or) clicking the save button
• Printing a Document
File Print (or) ctrl+P
(or) clicking the open button
104. • Moving the Text
Ctrl+X
(or) clicking the cut button
• Copying the Text
Ctrl+P
(or) clicking the copy button
106. Formatting the Document
• Format Menu (Format Font)
–Font size, type, colour, Subscript,
Superscript, Spacing,Text Effects etc,.
–Bullets and Numberings
–Changing case
–Borders and Shadings etc,.