Types of Natural Vegetation in India
→ Tropical Evergreen Rain Forests
→ Deciduous or Monsoon Type of Forests
→ Dry Deciduous Forests and Scrubs
→ Semi Desert and Desert Vegetation
→ Tidal or Mangrove Forests and
→ Mountain Forests
Types of Natural Vegetation in India
→ Tropical Evergreen Rain Forests
→ Deciduous or Monsoon Type of Forests
→ Dry Deciduous Forests and Scrubs
→ Semi Desert and Desert Vegetation
→ Tidal or Mangrove Forests and
→ Mountain Forests
This presentation is a depiction of ecological biodiversity in India. It includes basic understanding the meaning of biodiversity, discussing about the 4 hotspots in India, also discussing the habitat if each hotspots. A map is represented as well to know the locations of the hotspots, and the threatens are also discussed along with the solutions. Overall this is an outstanding nature based project with attractive visuals to stick the eyes of viewer to the presentation.
1. “What we are doing to the forests of the world is but a mirror reflection of what we are doing to ourselves and to one another.” ― MAHATMA GANDHI ―
2. “Earth provides enough to satisfy every man's needs, but not every man's greed.” ― Mahatma Gandhi
3. The term “resource” means any thing that we use from our environment to achieve our objective. For example, we require bricks, cement, iron, wood etc. to construct a building. All these items are called the resources for construction of building. A resource can be defined as „any natural or artificial substance, energy or organism, which is used by human being for its welfare. These resources are of two types: Natural Resources Artificial Resources
4. “Nature is not a place to visit. It is home.” ― Gary Snyder
5. CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES As the human population is continuously growing the consumption of natural resources is also increasing. With the increasing industrialization and urbanization of the modern human society, the use of all the resources is rising. If they are not properly used and well managed, a serious scarcity will result. Therefore we need to conserve the natural resources. This will also upset the ecological balance. Conservation is the proper management of a natural resource to prevent its exploitation, destruction or degradation. Conservation is the sum total of activities, which can derive benefits from natural resources but at the same time prevent excessive use leading to destruction or degradation.
6. Need for Conservation of Natural Resources We know that nature provides us all our basic needs but we tend to overexploit it. If we go on exploiting the nature, there will be no more resources available in future. There is an urgent need to conserve the nature. Some of the needs are : to maintain ecological balance for supporting life. to preserve different kinds of species (biodiversity). to make the resources available for present and future generation. to ensure the survival of human race.
7. Conservation of Natural Resources and Traditions of India The need for conservation of natural resources was felt by our predecessors and in India, there was a tradition of respecting and preserving the nature and natural resources. Natural resources were conserved in the form of sacred groves/forests, sacred pools and lakes, sacred species etc. In our country the conservation of natural forests is known from the time of Lord Asoka. Sacred forests are forest patches of different dimensions dedicated by the tribal to their deities and ancestral spirits. Cutting down trees, hunting and other human interferences were strictly prohibited in these forests.
8. This practice is wide spread particularly in peninsular, central and eastern India and has resulted in the protection of a large number of plants and animals. Similarly, several water bodies, e.g., Khecheopalri lake in Sikkim was declared sacred by people, thus, protecting aquati
Rangelands and its importance and economic share in pakistan economyUmair Rasheed
Pakistan Rangelands and its importance with economy shares.
Rangelands importance with the detail and its pics and can be available on my whatsapp num if not downloading here
This presentation is a depiction of ecological biodiversity in India. It includes basic understanding the meaning of biodiversity, discussing about the 4 hotspots in India, also discussing the habitat if each hotspots. A map is represented as well to know the locations of the hotspots, and the threatens are also discussed along with the solutions. Overall this is an outstanding nature based project with attractive visuals to stick the eyes of viewer to the presentation.
1. “What we are doing to the forests of the world is but a mirror reflection of what we are doing to ourselves and to one another.” ― MAHATMA GANDHI ―
2. “Earth provides enough to satisfy every man's needs, but not every man's greed.” ― Mahatma Gandhi
3. The term “resource” means any thing that we use from our environment to achieve our objective. For example, we require bricks, cement, iron, wood etc. to construct a building. All these items are called the resources for construction of building. A resource can be defined as „any natural or artificial substance, energy or organism, which is used by human being for its welfare. These resources are of two types: Natural Resources Artificial Resources
4. “Nature is not a place to visit. It is home.” ― Gary Snyder
5. CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES As the human population is continuously growing the consumption of natural resources is also increasing. With the increasing industrialization and urbanization of the modern human society, the use of all the resources is rising. If they are not properly used and well managed, a serious scarcity will result. Therefore we need to conserve the natural resources. This will also upset the ecological balance. Conservation is the proper management of a natural resource to prevent its exploitation, destruction or degradation. Conservation is the sum total of activities, which can derive benefits from natural resources but at the same time prevent excessive use leading to destruction or degradation.
6. Need for Conservation of Natural Resources We know that nature provides us all our basic needs but we tend to overexploit it. If we go on exploiting the nature, there will be no more resources available in future. There is an urgent need to conserve the nature. Some of the needs are : to maintain ecological balance for supporting life. to preserve different kinds of species (biodiversity). to make the resources available for present and future generation. to ensure the survival of human race.
7. Conservation of Natural Resources and Traditions of India The need for conservation of natural resources was felt by our predecessors and in India, there was a tradition of respecting and preserving the nature and natural resources. Natural resources were conserved in the form of sacred groves/forests, sacred pools and lakes, sacred species etc. In our country the conservation of natural forests is known from the time of Lord Asoka. Sacred forests are forest patches of different dimensions dedicated by the tribal to their deities and ancestral spirits. Cutting down trees, hunting and other human interferences were strictly prohibited in these forests.
8. This practice is wide spread particularly in peninsular, central and eastern India and has resulted in the protection of a large number of plants and animals. Similarly, several water bodies, e.g., Khecheopalri lake in Sikkim was declared sacred by people, thus, protecting aquati
Rangelands and its importance and economic share in pakistan economyUmair Rasheed
Pakistan Rangelands and its importance with economy shares.
Rangelands importance with the detail and its pics and can be available on my whatsapp num if not downloading here
here you can get a common knowledge about forests and wildlife about its depletion consequences and conservation a basic knowledge about India's wildlife and government programmes
Forests And Wildlife Resources - Class 10 (Geography)VJLEARNING
This chapter explains the second chapter of Geography (Class 10).
This will also help teachers to teach their students in their online classes.
hope you like it.
A PPT on Forest and wildlife resources for students. This PPT contains info on biodiversity, Flora and Fauna in India and about conservation of Forest and wildlife in India. Made by the students of Oakridge International School - Newton Campus.
Forest and Wildlife Resources Class - 10thNehaRohtagi1
PowerPoint Presentation on the topic - 'Forest and Wildlife Resources'. For Class - 10th.
Created By - 'Neha Rohtagi'
I hope that you will found this presentation useful and it will help you out for your concept understanding.
Thank You!
4 [Biodiversity 1] - Latest Res (1).pptPreeti633690
Introduction - Definition: genetic, species and ecosystem diversity 2. Biogeographical classification of India 3. Value of biodiversity:
consumptive use, productive use, social, ethical aesthetic and option values 4. Biodiversity at global, national and local levels, India as a
mega-diversity nation 5. Hot-spots of biodiversity, 6. Threats to biodiversity: habitat loss, poaching of wildlife, man wildlife conflicts 7.
Endangered and endemic species of India 8. Conservation of biodiversity: In-situ and Ex-situ conservation of biodiversity 9. Biological
Diversity Act, 2002
ncert book class 10 pdf for free
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Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
4. INTRODUCTION
• The entire habitat we live in have immense
biodiversity.
• Biodiversity or biological diversity is
immensely rich in wildlife and cultivated
species ,diverse in form and function but
closely integrated in a system through
multiple network of interdependencies.
• Humans along with all others form a complex
web of ecological system.
5. • Humans are only a part of it and very much
dependent on it for our own survival.
• The plants animals and micro-organisms
recreate the quality of air we breathe, the
water we drink, and the soil that produces our
food.
• Forests are utmost important as they are the
primary consumers on which all others
depend.
8. FLORA
•"Flora" comes from the Latin name of Flora,
the goddess of plants, flowers, and fertility in
Roman mythology
• Flora is the plant life occurring in a particular
region or time, generally the naturally occurring
or indigenous—native plant life.
9. • Human beings are completely dependent
upon plants. Directly or indirectly, plants
provide food, clothing, fuel, shelter, and many
other necessities of life. Humankind's
dependence on crops such as wheat and corn
(maize) is obvious, but without grass and grain
the livestock that provide people with food
and other animal products could not survive
either.
10. • Plants are essential parts of ecosystems.
Without them, all organisms would soon run
out of food.
• Plants absorb minerals, such as nitrogen,
potassium, and phosphorus, from the soil.
These are stored in plant tissues and are an
essential part of the diet of animals that eat
plants.
11. • Plants help form, enrich, and stabilize soil.
Mosses help break down and crumble rock
into soil. The roots of herbs and trees also
contribute to this process.
• Decaying leaves and other plant material
increase the fertility of soil.
• Plant roots stabilize soil and prevent erosion.
13. FAUNA
• “Fauna” comes from the Latin names Fauna, a Roman
goddess of earth and fertility, the Roman god Faunus,
and the related forest spirits called Fauns.
• The term was first used by Carlous Linnaeus in 1745
• Fauna is all of the animal life of any particular region or
time.
• The largest kingdom is the Animalia(animals). Its
members range from very simple invertebrates, such as
sponges, to highly complex mammals, such as whales,
monkeys, and humans.
14. • Animals as the consumers, play a key role balancing the
ecology .
• Animals display some key differences that distinguish them
from other living things.
For example, what is the difference between a cow and
grass? A cow moves around in the pasture eating grass. It
trots toward you when you offer it a bunch of leaves and
shows pleasure when you stroke its head. The grass,
however, is rooted to one place. It does not respond
behaviorally to people or to the cow in any way.
17. India is one of the world’s richest countries in
terms of its vast array of biological diversity,
and has nearly 8 per cent of the total number
of species in the world (estimated to be 1.6
million).
Flora &Fauna in India
Fauna More than 81,000 species
Flora More than 47,000 species
Indigenous flowering plants About 15,000 species
Endangered wild flora
About 10%
Endangered mammals
About 20%
18.
19. • India has some of the world's most biodiverse
regions. The political boundaries of India
encompass a wide range of ecozones—desert, high
mountains, highlands, tropical and temperate
forests, swamplands, plains, grasslands, areas
surrounding rivers, as well as island archipelago.
• It hosts 3 biodiversity hotspots: the Western Ghats,
the Himalayas and the Indo-Burma region. These
hotspots have numerous endemic species.
20. • India is home to several well-known large
mammals, including the Asian elephant,
Bengal tiger, Asiatic lion, leopard and Indian
rhinoceros. Some of these animals are
engrained in culture, often being associated
with deities.
• These large mammals are important for
wildlife tourism in India, and several national
parks and wildlife sanctuaries cater to these
needs. The popularity of these charismatic
animals have helped greatly in conservation
efforts in India.
21. • The tiger has been particularly important, and
Project Tiger, started in 1972, was a major effort
to conserve the tiger and its habitats.
• Project Elephant, though less known, started in
1992 and works for elephant protection.Most
of India's rhinos today survive in the Kaziranga
National Park. Some other well-known large
Indian mammals are: ungulates such as the
water buffalo, nilgai, gaur and several species of
deer and antelope
22. • The flora of India is one of the richest in the
world due to the wide range of climate,
topology and habitat in the country.
• There are estimated to be over 16,000 species
of flowering plants in India, which constitute
some 6-7 percent of the total plant species in
the world.
• India is home to more than 45,000 species of
plants, including a variety of endemics.
23. • The use of plants as a source of medicines has
been an integral part of life in India from the
earliest times.
• There are more than 3000 Indian plant species
officially documented as possessing great
medicinal potential. India is divided into eight
main floristic regions : Western Himalayas,
Eastern Himalayas, Assam, Indus plain, Ganges
plain, the Deccan, Malabar and the Andaman
Islands.
24. Classification is based on: The International
Union for Conservation of Nature and
Natural Resources (IUCN):
25. • Normal Species: If the population level of
species is within normal range for their
survival, it is called normal species, e.g. cattle,
pine, sal, rodents, etc.
26. • Endangered Species: Species which are in
danger of extinction are called endangered
species, e.g. black buck, crocodile, Indian wild
ass, Indian rhino, lion tailed macaque, sangai
(brow anter deer in Manipur), etc.
27.
28. • Vulnerable Species: If the population of a
species has declined to such a level that it is
likely to become endangered; it is called
vulnerable species, e.g. blue sheep, Asiatic
elephant, Gangetic dolphin, etc.
29.
30. • Rare Species: If the population of a species so
small that it can become vulnerable or
endangered, it is called rare species, e.g.
Himalayan brown bear, wild Asiatic buffalo,
desert fox, hornbill, etc.
31.
32. • Endemic Species: A species which found only
in a particular geographical area is called an
endemic species, e.g. Andaman teal, Nicobar
pigeon, Andaman wild pig, mithun in
Arunachal Pradesh, etc.
33. • Extinct Species: A species which no longer
exists is called an extinct species. A species
may be extinct from a local area, region,
country, continent or the entire earth.
Examples: Asiatic cheetah, pink head duck,
etc.
34.
35.
36.
37. Causes of depletion of flora and fauna
• During colonial period, due to expansion of:
- Railways
- Agriculture
- Commercial and scientific forestry
- Mining activities
38. After independence:
• Agricultural expansion
• Shifting cultivation(jhum)
• Large scale developmental projects
• Mining
• Grazing and fuelwood collection.
39. • Habitat destruction
• Hunting and poaching
• Over –exploitation
• Environmental pollution
• Forest fires
• Over population
40. Who were affected the most?
• Indigenous &forest based communit ies
-They depend on various components of
forest and wildlife for
food,drink,medicine,spirituality,culture,etc…
• Women
-Women bear the responsibility to collect the
basic subsistence need such as
fuel,fodder,water,etc…
41. • The poor,
-the indirect impact of degradation such as
severe drought or deforestation induced
floods.
42. How are the flora and fauna
distributed in India?
• Reserved forests:
-More than half of total forest area.
-Most valuable as far as conservation of Flora
& Fauna are concerned
DISTRIBUTION
- madhya pradesh has the largest are under
permanent forest i.e about 75% of total area of
forests.
Jammu &kashmir,andra
pradesh,uttarakhand,kerala,Tamil Nadu,West
Bengal,&Maharashtra
43. • Protected forests:
- Almost one third of total forest area
-Under forest protection
-Protected from any other depletion.
DISTRIBUTION
- bihar,haryana,punjab,himachal
pradesh,odisha,Rajasthan
44. • Unclassed forests:
-remaining forest area and wastelands.
-Under the govt,private individuals
&community.
DISTRIBUTION
-All north eastern states &parts of Gujarat.
46. • Conservation preserves the ecological
diversity and our life support systems.
• It preserves the genetic diversity of plants
and animals for better growth of species
and breeding.
47. • The Indian wildlife (protection) act was
implemented in 1972.
• The thrust of the programme was towards:
-Protecting habitats
-Protecting the remaining population of certain
endangered species
-Banning of hunting
-Giving legal protection to the habitats
-Restricting trade in wildlife
48. • The central government also announced several
projects for protecting specific animals,which
were gravely threatened
• For example:tiger ,one horned rhinocerous,the
kashmir stag,asiatic lion,three types of crocodiles-
the freshwater,salt water,& gharials
• Most recently,the indian elephant,black buck,the
great indian bustard&the snow leopard, etc..Have
been given full or partial legal protection against
hunting &trade.
• Even insects are finding a place in conservation
planning
49. The central and many state government
established national parks and wildlife
sanctuaries:
50.
51.
52.
53. • in Sariska Tiger Reserve, Rajasthan villagers
have fought against mining by citing the
wildlife protection act.
• In Alwar district,Rajasthan,inhibitants have
declared 1200 hectares of forest as the
Bhairodev Dakhav Sonchuri,with their own
rules & regulation.
54. • Chipko movement in Himalayas resisted
deforestation&promoted community
afforestation.
• Beej Bachavo Andolan in Tehri& Navdanya
have shown that adequate levels of diversified
crop production without the usage of
chemicals are possible & econimally viable.
55. • Joint Forest Management (JFM) started in
1988 in Odisha . In which ,villagers undertake
protection activities and in return they are
entitled to intermediary benefits like non
timber food produces
56. We are not the only species in the biodiversity
web. There are thousands of other species.
They too are the owners of this earth. We
should conserve them.
Community should be involved in conservation
Accept only those developmental activities that
are people centric, eco friendly and
economically rewarding.