Pakistan Rangelands and its importance with economy shares.
Rangelands importance with the detail and its pics and can be available on my whatsapp num if not downloading here
Rangelands are vast natural landscapes consisting of grasslands, shrublands, wetlands, and deserts that are distinguished from pastures by being dominated by native vegetation rather than agriculture. About 60% of Pakistan is comprised of rangelands that partly support over 93 million livestock, with rangelands primarily used for grazing in northern Pakistan and the province of Baluchistan relying heavily on livestock production from rangelands. Key terms defined include trees, shrubs, grasses, herbs, and concepts like carrying capacity, grazing capacity, and stocking rate. Rangelands provide goods and services like livestock forage, wildlife habitat, water, minerals, recreation, and natural beauty.
This document discusses rangeland management. It defines rangelands as areas of native vegetation suitable for grazing. It describes different types of rangelands around the world including grasslands, steppes, prairies, savannas, and tundra. Rangelands provide benefits like livestock forage, wildlife habitat, recreation and more. The document outlines management techniques for rangelands such as invasive species control using herbicides, replanting overgrazed areas, rotational grazing, and fencing off protected areas. It also discusses pioneers in the field like Arthur Sampson and different grazing methods.
Contents:
Importance of wetlands of Pakistan in the national and international context.
Types of wetlands in Pakistan with respect to area.
Most significant wetlands of Pakistan,
Four major wetland complexes /demonstration sites of Pakistan categorized under WWF-Pakistan Wetland Program (PWP).
Nineteen Internationally recognized Ramsar sites of Pakistan
This document provides definitions and terminology related to range management. It begins with definitions of rangeland and range management, emphasizing that range management uses ecological principles to manage grazing lands for various purposes like livestock grazing, wildlife habitat, and recreation. The document then lists and defines over 50 terms used in range management, including types of plants, vegetation measurements, grazing systems, and land classifications. It provides context and examples for many terminology entries.
The document discusses problems with rangeland management in Pakistan, identifying issues such as overgrazing due to prioritizing livestock numbers over quality, lack of conservation efforts due to open grazing systems, influence of migratory herds, arid climate patterns, water scarcity, absence of dedicated management authorities, lack of awareness and participation in development programs, insufficient funds, poor livestock management, limited research, lack of incentives for rangeland officials, and low priority given to rangeland development by the government.
This document discusses rangelands and factors that define grasslands. It begins by defining rangelands as vast natural landscapes dominated by grasslands, shrublands, woodlands, wetlands, and deserts. It then describes different types of rangelands around the world based on climate and vegetation. Several key factors that determine grasslands are discussed, including climate, soil properties, and disturbance from fire and grazing. The effects of defoliation on plants are also summarized.
Habitat fragmentation occurs when once-continuous habitats become divided into smaller, isolated fragments. This leads to population problems for wildlife as there is reduced reproductive ability and decreased species diversity. Forest edges created by fragmentation are drier and more accessible to predators. Corridors between habitat fragments can help provide covered routes for wildlife movement, though their effectiveness is unknown. Riparian buffers improve habitat by functioning as wildlife corridors and providing food, cover, and edge habitat. Proper management of wildlife habitat requires addressing needs such as food, cover, water, space, and arrangement of habitat types.
The document provides an overview of forest management, including:
- The history and development of forest management concepts from the 16th century in Germany to modern definitions that incorporate ecological, economic, and social objectives.
- The key components of the forest management process, including setting objectives, inventorying resources, developing a management strategy and plan, implementing the plan, and periodically reviewing and updating it.
- The scope of forest management, which broadly encompasses controlling the composition and structure of forests, distributing and marketing forest products, and administering forest lands and personnel.
Rangelands are vast natural landscapes consisting of grasslands, shrublands, wetlands, and deserts that are distinguished from pastures by being dominated by native vegetation rather than agriculture. About 60% of Pakistan is comprised of rangelands that partly support over 93 million livestock, with rangelands primarily used for grazing in northern Pakistan and the province of Baluchistan relying heavily on livestock production from rangelands. Key terms defined include trees, shrubs, grasses, herbs, and concepts like carrying capacity, grazing capacity, and stocking rate. Rangelands provide goods and services like livestock forage, wildlife habitat, water, minerals, recreation, and natural beauty.
This document discusses rangeland management. It defines rangelands as areas of native vegetation suitable for grazing. It describes different types of rangelands around the world including grasslands, steppes, prairies, savannas, and tundra. Rangelands provide benefits like livestock forage, wildlife habitat, recreation and more. The document outlines management techniques for rangelands such as invasive species control using herbicides, replanting overgrazed areas, rotational grazing, and fencing off protected areas. It also discusses pioneers in the field like Arthur Sampson and different grazing methods.
Contents:
Importance of wetlands of Pakistan in the national and international context.
Types of wetlands in Pakistan with respect to area.
Most significant wetlands of Pakistan,
Four major wetland complexes /demonstration sites of Pakistan categorized under WWF-Pakistan Wetland Program (PWP).
Nineteen Internationally recognized Ramsar sites of Pakistan
This document provides definitions and terminology related to range management. It begins with definitions of rangeland and range management, emphasizing that range management uses ecological principles to manage grazing lands for various purposes like livestock grazing, wildlife habitat, and recreation. The document then lists and defines over 50 terms used in range management, including types of plants, vegetation measurements, grazing systems, and land classifications. It provides context and examples for many terminology entries.
The document discusses problems with rangeland management in Pakistan, identifying issues such as overgrazing due to prioritizing livestock numbers over quality, lack of conservation efforts due to open grazing systems, influence of migratory herds, arid climate patterns, water scarcity, absence of dedicated management authorities, lack of awareness and participation in development programs, insufficient funds, poor livestock management, limited research, lack of incentives for rangeland officials, and low priority given to rangeland development by the government.
This document discusses rangelands and factors that define grasslands. It begins by defining rangelands as vast natural landscapes dominated by grasslands, shrublands, woodlands, wetlands, and deserts. It then describes different types of rangelands around the world based on climate and vegetation. Several key factors that determine grasslands are discussed, including climate, soil properties, and disturbance from fire and grazing. The effects of defoliation on plants are also summarized.
Habitat fragmentation occurs when once-continuous habitats become divided into smaller, isolated fragments. This leads to population problems for wildlife as there is reduced reproductive ability and decreased species diversity. Forest edges created by fragmentation are drier and more accessible to predators. Corridors between habitat fragments can help provide covered routes for wildlife movement, though their effectiveness is unknown. Riparian buffers improve habitat by functioning as wildlife corridors and providing food, cover, and edge habitat. Proper management of wildlife habitat requires addressing needs such as food, cover, water, space, and arrangement of habitat types.
The document provides an overview of forest management, including:
- The history and development of forest management concepts from the 16th century in Germany to modern definitions that incorporate ecological, economic, and social objectives.
- The key components of the forest management process, including setting objectives, inventorying resources, developing a management strategy and plan, implementing the plan, and periodically reviewing and updating it.
- The scope of forest management, which broadly encompasses controlling the composition and structure of forests, distributing and marketing forest products, and administering forest lands and personnel.
This document outlines Javed Iqbal's proposed revisions to the format of forest management plans (working plans) in Pakistan. It discusses the shortcomings of the traditional two-part format, which lacks justification for objectives and alternatives. The proposed new format has three parts: Part I describes the forest area and existing conditions. Part II evaluates alternative objectives, species, silvicultural systems, and other choices. Part III prescribes the management plan, including working circles, programs, protection, utilization, infrastructure, administration, records, and finances.
This document defines agroforestry as a sustainable land use system that combines trees, crops, and livestock. It discusses several types of agroforestry including silvopasture, alley cropping, forest farming, riparian forest buffers, and windbreaks/shelterbelts. Silvopasture combines trees, forage, and livestock. Alley cropping grows crops between rows of trees. Forest farming cultivates high-value crops under forest canopy. Riparian buffers protect waterways. Windbreaks shelter crops, livestock, and roads from wind.
The document discusses the principles of rangeland management. It defines rangeland as uncultivated areas that support natural vegetation. Rangeland management aims to obtain maximum production from grasslands through the sustainable application of scientific, social, biological, and economic principles. Key principles of rangeland management include using the correct kind and number of grazing animals, grazing at the correct times, and properly distributing livestock across the rangeland area. The document also outlines the different eras in rangeland management history.
Range land management in Pakistan A presentation By Mr Allah Dad KhanMr.Allah Dad Khan
Range land management is important to ensure sustainable use of grazing areas. Mr. Allah Dad Khan will present on range land management practices. The presentation will discuss how to properly manage rangelands to support livestock grazing while preventing overgrazing and degradation of pasture lands.
The National Conservation Strategy (NCS) is a framework approved by the Pakistani government in 1992 to address environmental concerns through sustainable development and improved natural resource management. It was developed over three years through extensive consultation with over 3,000 people. The NCS identifies 14 priority areas and recommends policies and programs and associated investments to achieve its objectives of conservation, sustainable development, and improved efficiency. An NCS Implementation Committee was established to oversee its execution, requiring cooperation across various ministries and the involvement of the people of Pakistan.
Rangeland management involves the careful use and manipulation of rangeland resources including plants, animals, soil, and water to provide goods and services for society in a sustainable manner. Some key concepts in rangeland management include multiple use of the land, proper stocking rates of grazing animals, distribution of animals, types of animals, and grazing systems. Maintaining healthy rangeland ecosystems provides important services such as clean air and water, biodiversity, food production, and climate stability. Rangelands make up over 70% of the world's land area, making rangeland management critical for addressing challenges of population growth and climate change.
This document defines key terms related to rangelands and forage resources. It describes the different types of rangelands found in Nepal, including tropical, subtropical, temperate, subalpine, and alpine rangelands. It notes that rangelands make up approximately 12% of Nepal's land area and provides characteristics and examples of the vegetation found in each type of rangeland. The document also discusses the importance of livestock in Nepal's agro-ecosystem, noting they contribute over 50% to GDP and play a key role in agricultural production and soil fertility as well as providing economic, cultural and transportation benefits.
This document discusses wetlands in Pakistan. It begins by defining wetlands and describing different types, including natural wetlands like rivers and marshes, and man-made wetlands like ponds and fish farms. It then discusses four major wetland complexes in Pakistan and provides details on several important wetlands. The document also addresses threats to wetlands from degradation and loss, and provides suggestions for sustainable management and conservation.
The process of Wildlife Conservation has been discussed
What is wildlife ?
Why is it depleting?
What are the effects of wildlife depletion ?
Why do we need to save it ?
And last but not the least
How can we save it ?
"Ways to conserve Wildlife"
Normal forest – growing stock and incrementiqbalforestry
This document discusses the concept of a normal forest, which is defined as an ideally constituted forest that can sustain yields indefinitely through balanced age distributions, growing stock, and annual increment removal. A normal forest is characterized by: [1] a normal series of age classes distributed appropriately across the forest; [2] a maximum normal increment given the forest type and site conditions; and [3] a normal growing stock volume indicated by yield tables. The concept of a normal forest provides an ideal standard for comparison to evaluate the condition of an existing forest and ensure maximum sustained benefits from management.
This document provides information on protected areas in Pakistan. It defines protected areas and notes that Pakistan has four types: national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, game reserves, and community-controlled hunting areas. It lists the number of each type of protected area by province. National parks are described as set aside for scenic and wildlife protection. Several major national parks are highlighted, including the largest - Central Karakoram National Park. Wildlife sanctuaries are areas where public access is restricted to protect flora and fauna. Game reserves allow controlled hunting.
This document describes several types of forests found in Pakistan. Alpine forests are located in northern areas at high altitudes and have stunted tree growth due to low temperatures and sunlight. Coniferous forests are found in northern areas and hill stations and have conical trees with sloping branches to prevent snow accumulation and needle-like leaves. Tropical thorn forests are found in plains areas and have low-height, thorny trees with deep roots. Sub-tropical scrub forests are located in hills and foothills and have broad-leaved trees. Riverain or Bela forests are located along river banks and provide valuable hardwood. Mangrove forests are located along coastal areas and have broad, leathery leaves to
Wetlands are areas where water covers the land either permanently or seasonally. They are defined by having wetland vegetation and hydric soils that are saturated with water for long periods. Wetlands provide many benefits and can be classified by their location and type of vegetation. The document provides details on two important wetlands in India - Keoladeo National Park and Sambhar Lake. Keoladeo National Park is an important habitat for over 370 bird species and hosts thousands of migratory birds during winter. Sambhar Lake is India's largest inland saltwater lake and is an ecologically important site for flamingos and other migratory birds. It also produces over 90% of Rajasthan's salt through evaporation
Forests play an important economic role by providing wood, fuel, employment, and revenue from exports. However, excessive deforestation for economic activities can have negative environmental impacts such as habitat loss, floods, greenhouse gas buildup, soil erosion, and effects on water and climate cycles. Sustainable forest management is needed to balance economic development and environmental protection.
Habitat loss and fragmentation occurs when natural habitats are broken into smaller pieces or isolated patches, such as through activities like deforestation, development of roads and dams, and agriculture. This affects biodiversity by reducing total habitat area and connectivity between habitats. Fragmented habitats have more edge areas which allow invasion of exotic species and predators, increasing extinction rates. Conservation efforts aim to minimize fragmentation through habitat protection, creation of wildlife corridors, and restoration of connections between fragmented areas.
Wetlands are areas where water covers the soil or is present near the surface for all or part of the year, providing habitat for wildlife and plants. They filter and store water, absorb flood waters and winds, and offer recreational activities. Wetlands are classified as marine, estuarine, lacustrine, riverine, or palustrine, and examples of each type found in Trinidad and Tobago include the Bon Accord lagoon, Caroni swamp, Godineau river, and Buccoo Bay freshwater marsh.
Natural ecosystems provide numerous ecosystem services that are essential to human well-being and economic activity. These services include provisioning services like food, fiber, fuel and medicines; regulating services like climate regulation, flood and drought mitigation, soil formation, and pest control; and cultural services like inspiration, recreation, and spiritual fulfillment. However, many of these services are being degraded or lost due to human activities like habitat destruction, overexploitation, pollution, and climate change. Properly valuing ecosystem services and incorporating their value into policy and economic decisions is crucial for ensuring their continued supply for future generations.
Forest management involves the administrative, economic, legal, and social aspects of managing forests, including techniques like timber extraction, replanting species, and preventing fires. Forest management is needed to avoid the extinction of thousands of species, heavy soil erosion, increased greenhouse effects, flooding, landslides, and degraded watersheds. Methods of forest management include afforestation, reforestation, sustainable forest management practices, and avoiding wildfires. The document concludes that one of the biggest challenges is ensuring the sustainability of forest resources going forward.
Wetlands provide many benefits. They act as natural sponges that help control flooding by absorbing and slowly releasing water. They also filter and purify surface water. Wetlands are highly productive ecosystems that provide food and refuge for wildlife. They have economic value through activities like fishing, hunting, and recreation. Mangroves in particular can help buffer against storms and tsunamis as demonstrated in one Indian village.
This document discusses tree crop interactions in agroforestry systems. It defines agroforestry as the deliberate combination of woody perennials and agricultural crops on the same land. Positive interactions include microclimate amelioration and soil improvement, while negative interactions are mainly competition for light, water and nutrients. The balance between positive and negative interactions determines the overall effect. Management techniques to reduce negative interactions and maximize yields include pruning trees, adjusting densities, mulching, and selecting complementary species mixtures.
How to conserve biodiversity in range land in country A presentation By Mr Al...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
Rangelands cover a major land area in Pakistan and support both livestock and wildlife grazing. However, rangelands are degraded due to overgrazing, with current productivity below 50% of potential. To conserve biodiversity in rangelands, efforts are needed to maintain habitat sizes and restore ecosystem functioning through identifying adapted plant species and protecting declining populations. Traditional grazing practices vary by region, from nomadic to transhumant, with herders following seasonal forage availability. Legislation, participatory management, training local groups, and developing alternate energy sources can help improve rangeland management.
How to conserve biodiversity in range land in country A Presentation By Mr Al...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
Rangelands cover a major land area in Pakistan and support both livestock and wildlife grazing. However, rangelands are facing degradation due to overgrazing, which has reduced vegetation cover and biodiversity. To address this, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province developed its first Rangeland Policy in 2012 to promote sustainable rangeland management practices, conservation of biodiversity, and improved livelihoods. The policy focuses on areas like participatory rangeland management, capacity building, research, and generating financial resources to rehabilitate rangelands.
This document outlines Javed Iqbal's proposed revisions to the format of forest management plans (working plans) in Pakistan. It discusses the shortcomings of the traditional two-part format, which lacks justification for objectives and alternatives. The proposed new format has three parts: Part I describes the forest area and existing conditions. Part II evaluates alternative objectives, species, silvicultural systems, and other choices. Part III prescribes the management plan, including working circles, programs, protection, utilization, infrastructure, administration, records, and finances.
This document defines agroforestry as a sustainable land use system that combines trees, crops, and livestock. It discusses several types of agroforestry including silvopasture, alley cropping, forest farming, riparian forest buffers, and windbreaks/shelterbelts. Silvopasture combines trees, forage, and livestock. Alley cropping grows crops between rows of trees. Forest farming cultivates high-value crops under forest canopy. Riparian buffers protect waterways. Windbreaks shelter crops, livestock, and roads from wind.
The document discusses the principles of rangeland management. It defines rangeland as uncultivated areas that support natural vegetation. Rangeland management aims to obtain maximum production from grasslands through the sustainable application of scientific, social, biological, and economic principles. Key principles of rangeland management include using the correct kind and number of grazing animals, grazing at the correct times, and properly distributing livestock across the rangeland area. The document also outlines the different eras in rangeland management history.
Range land management in Pakistan A presentation By Mr Allah Dad KhanMr.Allah Dad Khan
Range land management is important to ensure sustainable use of grazing areas. Mr. Allah Dad Khan will present on range land management practices. The presentation will discuss how to properly manage rangelands to support livestock grazing while preventing overgrazing and degradation of pasture lands.
The National Conservation Strategy (NCS) is a framework approved by the Pakistani government in 1992 to address environmental concerns through sustainable development and improved natural resource management. It was developed over three years through extensive consultation with over 3,000 people. The NCS identifies 14 priority areas and recommends policies and programs and associated investments to achieve its objectives of conservation, sustainable development, and improved efficiency. An NCS Implementation Committee was established to oversee its execution, requiring cooperation across various ministries and the involvement of the people of Pakistan.
Rangeland management involves the careful use and manipulation of rangeland resources including plants, animals, soil, and water to provide goods and services for society in a sustainable manner. Some key concepts in rangeland management include multiple use of the land, proper stocking rates of grazing animals, distribution of animals, types of animals, and grazing systems. Maintaining healthy rangeland ecosystems provides important services such as clean air and water, biodiversity, food production, and climate stability. Rangelands make up over 70% of the world's land area, making rangeland management critical for addressing challenges of population growth and climate change.
This document defines key terms related to rangelands and forage resources. It describes the different types of rangelands found in Nepal, including tropical, subtropical, temperate, subalpine, and alpine rangelands. It notes that rangelands make up approximately 12% of Nepal's land area and provides characteristics and examples of the vegetation found in each type of rangeland. The document also discusses the importance of livestock in Nepal's agro-ecosystem, noting they contribute over 50% to GDP and play a key role in agricultural production and soil fertility as well as providing economic, cultural and transportation benefits.
This document discusses wetlands in Pakistan. It begins by defining wetlands and describing different types, including natural wetlands like rivers and marshes, and man-made wetlands like ponds and fish farms. It then discusses four major wetland complexes in Pakistan and provides details on several important wetlands. The document also addresses threats to wetlands from degradation and loss, and provides suggestions for sustainable management and conservation.
The process of Wildlife Conservation has been discussed
What is wildlife ?
Why is it depleting?
What are the effects of wildlife depletion ?
Why do we need to save it ?
And last but not the least
How can we save it ?
"Ways to conserve Wildlife"
Normal forest – growing stock and incrementiqbalforestry
This document discusses the concept of a normal forest, which is defined as an ideally constituted forest that can sustain yields indefinitely through balanced age distributions, growing stock, and annual increment removal. A normal forest is characterized by: [1] a normal series of age classes distributed appropriately across the forest; [2] a maximum normal increment given the forest type and site conditions; and [3] a normal growing stock volume indicated by yield tables. The concept of a normal forest provides an ideal standard for comparison to evaluate the condition of an existing forest and ensure maximum sustained benefits from management.
This document provides information on protected areas in Pakistan. It defines protected areas and notes that Pakistan has four types: national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, game reserves, and community-controlled hunting areas. It lists the number of each type of protected area by province. National parks are described as set aside for scenic and wildlife protection. Several major national parks are highlighted, including the largest - Central Karakoram National Park. Wildlife sanctuaries are areas where public access is restricted to protect flora and fauna. Game reserves allow controlled hunting.
This document describes several types of forests found in Pakistan. Alpine forests are located in northern areas at high altitudes and have stunted tree growth due to low temperatures and sunlight. Coniferous forests are found in northern areas and hill stations and have conical trees with sloping branches to prevent snow accumulation and needle-like leaves. Tropical thorn forests are found in plains areas and have low-height, thorny trees with deep roots. Sub-tropical scrub forests are located in hills and foothills and have broad-leaved trees. Riverain or Bela forests are located along river banks and provide valuable hardwood. Mangrove forests are located along coastal areas and have broad, leathery leaves to
Wetlands are areas where water covers the land either permanently or seasonally. They are defined by having wetland vegetation and hydric soils that are saturated with water for long periods. Wetlands provide many benefits and can be classified by their location and type of vegetation. The document provides details on two important wetlands in India - Keoladeo National Park and Sambhar Lake. Keoladeo National Park is an important habitat for over 370 bird species and hosts thousands of migratory birds during winter. Sambhar Lake is India's largest inland saltwater lake and is an ecologically important site for flamingos and other migratory birds. It also produces over 90% of Rajasthan's salt through evaporation
Forests play an important economic role by providing wood, fuel, employment, and revenue from exports. However, excessive deforestation for economic activities can have negative environmental impacts such as habitat loss, floods, greenhouse gas buildup, soil erosion, and effects on water and climate cycles. Sustainable forest management is needed to balance economic development and environmental protection.
Habitat loss and fragmentation occurs when natural habitats are broken into smaller pieces or isolated patches, such as through activities like deforestation, development of roads and dams, and agriculture. This affects biodiversity by reducing total habitat area and connectivity between habitats. Fragmented habitats have more edge areas which allow invasion of exotic species and predators, increasing extinction rates. Conservation efforts aim to minimize fragmentation through habitat protection, creation of wildlife corridors, and restoration of connections between fragmented areas.
Wetlands are areas where water covers the soil or is present near the surface for all or part of the year, providing habitat for wildlife and plants. They filter and store water, absorb flood waters and winds, and offer recreational activities. Wetlands are classified as marine, estuarine, lacustrine, riverine, or palustrine, and examples of each type found in Trinidad and Tobago include the Bon Accord lagoon, Caroni swamp, Godineau river, and Buccoo Bay freshwater marsh.
Natural ecosystems provide numerous ecosystem services that are essential to human well-being and economic activity. These services include provisioning services like food, fiber, fuel and medicines; regulating services like climate regulation, flood and drought mitigation, soil formation, and pest control; and cultural services like inspiration, recreation, and spiritual fulfillment. However, many of these services are being degraded or lost due to human activities like habitat destruction, overexploitation, pollution, and climate change. Properly valuing ecosystem services and incorporating their value into policy and economic decisions is crucial for ensuring their continued supply for future generations.
Forest management involves the administrative, economic, legal, and social aspects of managing forests, including techniques like timber extraction, replanting species, and preventing fires. Forest management is needed to avoid the extinction of thousands of species, heavy soil erosion, increased greenhouse effects, flooding, landslides, and degraded watersheds. Methods of forest management include afforestation, reforestation, sustainable forest management practices, and avoiding wildfires. The document concludes that one of the biggest challenges is ensuring the sustainability of forest resources going forward.
Wetlands provide many benefits. They act as natural sponges that help control flooding by absorbing and slowly releasing water. They also filter and purify surface water. Wetlands are highly productive ecosystems that provide food and refuge for wildlife. They have economic value through activities like fishing, hunting, and recreation. Mangroves in particular can help buffer against storms and tsunamis as demonstrated in one Indian village.
This document discusses tree crop interactions in agroforestry systems. It defines agroforestry as the deliberate combination of woody perennials and agricultural crops on the same land. Positive interactions include microclimate amelioration and soil improvement, while negative interactions are mainly competition for light, water and nutrients. The balance between positive and negative interactions determines the overall effect. Management techniques to reduce negative interactions and maximize yields include pruning trees, adjusting densities, mulching, and selecting complementary species mixtures.
How to conserve biodiversity in range land in country A presentation By Mr Al...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
Rangelands cover a major land area in Pakistan and support both livestock and wildlife grazing. However, rangelands are degraded due to overgrazing, with current productivity below 50% of potential. To conserve biodiversity in rangelands, efforts are needed to maintain habitat sizes and restore ecosystem functioning through identifying adapted plant species and protecting declining populations. Traditional grazing practices vary by region, from nomadic to transhumant, with herders following seasonal forage availability. Legislation, participatory management, training local groups, and developing alternate energy sources can help improve rangeland management.
How to conserve biodiversity in range land in country A Presentation By Mr Al...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
Rangelands cover a major land area in Pakistan and support both livestock and wildlife grazing. However, rangelands are facing degradation due to overgrazing, which has reduced vegetation cover and biodiversity. To address this, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province developed its first Rangeland Policy in 2012 to promote sustainable rangeland management practices, conservation of biodiversity, and improved livelihoods. The policy focuses on areas like participatory rangeland management, capacity building, research, and generating financial resources to rehabilitate rangelands.
Rangelands are defined as lands dominated by grasses, grass-like plants, forbs, or shrubs that are suitable for grazing or browsing. They cover over half the world's land area and include ecosystems such as forests, savannas, woodlands, tundra, marshes, wetlands, prairies, plains, grasslands, shrublands, steppes, deserts, and semi-deserts. Rangelands provide many important goods and services like livestock production, wildlife habitat, water, renewable energy resources, minerals, recreation, and natural beauty. They are classified based on their potential forage production and proper management is important for their sustainable use and conservation.
Grass and legumes increase the aggregation of soil particles, improvement soil structure and water holding capacity of the soil. Grasses give quicker protection to eroded lands.To established gully sides, water-ways, gully heads and check dams, grass is perhaps the most effective and economical tool. It can be put to various uses in soil conservation, viz; Strip cropping, rotational cropping or lay farming. Stabilization of bunds and terraces. Stabilization of gullies, diversion or drainage channels. Stabilization of sand dunes. Meadows and pastures on steep slops. Fertility builder for eroded soil.
this is the detail documents in which you will know the wild life in pakistan which include birds, mammals, reptiles, insects carnivorious, herbivorious etc
Pakistan has a diverse range of wildlife habitats and 219 protected areas including 29 national parks and 100 wildlife sanctuaries. The largest national park is Hingol National Park, which supports over 3,000 mammals including Sindh Ibex and Chinkara Gazelle. Kirthar National Park is also large and protects populations of Sindh Ibex. Wildlife faces threats from climate change, hunting, pollution, habitat loss, and increasing human population. Protected areas aim to conserve ecosystems and wildlife for their ecological, economic, recreational, scientific, social, and aesthetic values.
The document discusses the history and importance of wildlife conservation in Pakistan. It begins with the founding of the Society for the Promotion of Nature Reserves in 1912 in London, which aimed to identify and protect areas for wildlife. It then describes the various ecosystems and species of plants and animals found across Pakistan, from mammals like the snow leopard and markhor, to insects and birds. The document emphasizes the economic, nutritional, recreational, scientific, and ecological benefits of wildlife for humans. However, threats from population growth, agriculture, hunting, and habitat loss have endangered many species and ecosystems in Pakistan. Strong laws and protected areas are needed to promote biodiversity and conserve Pakistan's valuable wildlife.
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Kuttanad below sea level farming system (KBSFS)_Dr Anilkumar (The Kerala Envi...India Water Portal
This presentation by Dr Anilkumar, Scientist in Charge, Community Agro Bio Diversity Centre, MSSRF, Wayanad made at the Kerala Environment Congress, Trivandrum organised by the Centre for Environment and Development describes their experiences on the sustainable management of the Kuttanad farming system
awareness of wild fauna and flora, value of forest, endangered species, causes for wild life depletion, human-wildlife conflict, deforestation, wild-life conservation, wild-life sanctuaries, national park, afforestation, save tree, save forest, save earth, save wild-life
1. The document discusses biodiversity in India, including facts about species numbers, forest cover, and biodiversity hotspots.
2. It notes that India is one of 17 mega-diverse countries, sharing 15% of the world's biodiversity despite having only 2.4% of the world's land area.
3. The threats to India's biodiversity are discussed, including deforestation, habitat destruction, overexploitation, and climate change. Conservation measures focus on habitat protection, reforestation, controlling pollution and fires.
Forest resources are an important source of commercial products, food and shelter for tribal communities. They also play a key ecological role in regulating climate, soil conservation and biodiversity. However, deforestation due to agricultural expansion, livestock grazing, and illegal logging threatens forests and has severe environmental consequences like increased flooding and drought. Mineral resources are essential for development but overexploitation can lead to problems like species extinction, pollution, and depletion of high-grade minerals. Meeting the food needs of a growing global population is challenging and issues like undernutrition and malnutrition persist in many areas.
Hey friends,
This is from the chapter "Wildlife and resources". This chapter is from the geograpghy text book of CBSE. This is From the 10th standard syllabus.
Thank you.
Pasture, Rangeland, and Grazing Management Gardening
This document provides an overview of pasture and rangeland grazing management. It discusses temperate pastures and rangelands, explaining that temperate pastures are more productive with deeper soils and higher rainfall, while rangelands in arid areas yield less but support important grazing. The document outlines best practices for managing soil and forage resources through rotational grazing. It addresses stocking rates, weed management, multispecies grazing, and re-establishing or rehabilitating pastures and rangelands. The full impacts of grazing management strategies on soil, plants, livestock health, and drought are also covered.
This document provides an overview of forest and wildlife resources in India. It discusses the high level of biodiversity in India, including an estimated 47,000 plant and 81,000 animal species. However, many species are now threatened or endangered due to deforestation, habitat loss, and human activities. It outlines government conservation strategies and projects like Project Tiger to protect endangered species. The document also discusses the classification of different species based on threat level and the important role local communities can play in forest conservation efforts.
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Rangelands and its importance and economic share in pakistan economy
1.
2. Submitted By :
Umair Rasheed
2019-AGLB-01
BSc. (hons.) Agriculture
4th semester
Introduction to rangelands and wild life management FRW-202
Submitted To :
Dr Sajid Hussain
Title : Rangelands, Importance of Rangelands and its economic share in Pakistan
College of Agriculture Bzu-Bahadur sub campus layyah
3. What are range lands ?
“Rangelands are grass lands, shrub lands, wood lands, wet
lands, and deserts that are grazed by domestic animals and wild
animals.”
Several factors can preclude farming or Timber production on
these:
• Limited precipitation
• Sandy, saline, or wet soils
• Steep topography
• Rocks
4. Grazing as an important ecological process in all rangeland, but not all
rangelands are grazed by livestock.
Rangelands are a kind of land – not a specific land use.
Most types of rangelands have in common:
Native and naturalized plants – mostly Perennial
History of or currently used for livestock Grazing
Extensively managed (rather than intensively) Based on ecological
(rather than agronomic)Principles.
What are range lands ?
5. They cover a lot of ground
47% of the EARTH is rangeland(some estimates as high as 70%)
36% of the US is rangeland
53% of Western States is rangeland
48% of Idaho is rangeland
80 % of Nevada
What are range lands ?
6. They cover a lot of ground Half of the earth’s surface is rangeland
47% = Rangeland
25% = Dense Forest
10% = Cropland
3% = Urban
15% = Ice, rock, and barren desert
What are range lands ?
7. Importance of rangelands :
Rangeland and grassland ecosystems provide benefits vital to agriculture and the
environment including:
Land for farming
Grazing and forage for livestock and native animals
Watersheds for rural and urban uses
Habitat for plants, insects, and animals
Water for sustainable landscapes
Areas for recreational activities
Potential renewable energy and mineral resources
8. Rangelands Cover various aspects :-
Forage
Recreation
Livestock Production Native Plants
Water
Wildlife Habitat
Energy
Minerals
9. 1. Livestock Production
According to the estimate ,only 30% sheep and goats are nomadic, 65% are transhumant and 5 %
sedentary.
The size of nomadic flock may vary from 200-700 sheep and goats.
Livestock production on rangeland is very important to supply meat for American and World
populations and also for leather, wool, mohair, and other products that livestock yield.
10. Wildlife Habitat
Rangelands provide habitat for countless
mammals, birds, amphibians, fishes, and
insects.
Number of animal species
84% of the mammals,
74% of the birds,
58% of the amphibians and
38% of the fishes are represented in rangeland ecosystems.
11. Rangeland Wildlife Include:
Ruminants such as deer, elk, and moose that have specialized
digestive systems to digest the cellulose in the cell walls of
rangeland plants
Rodents and Rabbits also have digestive systems that allow them
to get energy out of cellulose
Concentrate-selectors are animals such as birds & bears that find
an adequate diet on rangeland by carefully selecting berries, seeds,
or roots low in cellulose.
Insects - Can be generalist foragers or have very specific diet
selection.
12. 2. Water
The Pakistan has a much Moderate climate, Water is doubly precious to
the Pakistan population that lives in the dry regions
Most of the water in the streams and river fell initially on rangeland or
forests. Therefore, proper management of rangeland requires careful
attention to the amount & quality of water that flows off rangeland
13. 3. Recreation :-
Rangelands are increasingly important for recreational uses such
as:
Hiking
Hunting
Camping
Mountain biking
Cross-country skiing
Snowmobiling
Many national parks are located on
rangelands
14. 4. Renewable Energy :-
Sources are becoming increasingly important to society
Wind
Solar
Geothermal
Biomass and bioenergy
15. 5. Minerals and Mining :-
Some of our most basic natural resources are mined from
rangelands
Sand, gravel, dirt, and rock are basic materials for construction
and building
Coal and oil shale mining provides resources to heat
and power our society
16. 6. Native Plant Products
Eating Wild!
Natural medicines
Echinacea
St. Johnswort
A variety of wild foods
Camas
Huckleberries
Pinenuts
17. 7. Open Space :-
People value open space.
Livestock ranches are becoming “working wilderness” to
maintain biodiversity and wildlife habitat quality.
Environmentally concerned citizens have paid ranchers to
maintain open space through scenic easements.
18. Economic importance of rangelands:
The livestock sector contributes 9% to GDP. If we assume that 1.2 to the
livestock is diminished the product goes to 4.5% of the rangelands. The range
areas of Pakistan are always ill-targeted, we consider it as half.
About 60% of the total area of the country comprises rangelands.
The are partly supports 93.5 million head of livestock.
Rangelands are mostly used for livestock grazing in northern Pakistan.
Baluchistan which covers over 40% of area of the country depends on live stock
production from its rangelands .
19. Economic importance of rangelands:
Baluchistan which covers over 40% of area of the country depends on live stock
production from its rangelands .
Animal dung contributes about 18% of the fuel requirement of country 34% of
the household in Sialkot, Kohat, Rawalpindi and Khoshab districts. Animals use
the rangelands and fulfill their requirements.
According to 1989, Economic Survey of Pakistan, Rangelands share their
potential about half of Social Economic Development of the rural population.
Despite the absence of management, they fulfill 50% needs.