India has launched 11 five year plans so far and 12th is in progress.DescriptionThe NITI Aayog is a policy think tank of the Government of India, established with the aim to achieve Sustainable Development Goals and to enhance cooperative federalism by fostering the involvement of State Governments of India in the economic policy-making process using a bottom-up approach.
This presentation on NITI Aayog covers various aspect of NITI Aayog, with justification for change in policy outlook and how it differ from Planning Commision,
This presentation on NITI Aayog covers various aspect of NITI Aayog, with justification for change in policy outlook and how it differ from Planning Commision,
Objectives of Five year plans in India,Five year plans,India,Development in India,Planning,Economic planning,Industries,India,Planning commission of India
It gives a breif description on how it formed, reason to dissolve Planning Commision and need for a new commitee and its functions, also what other initiatives are setup under the brand name Niti Aayog.
The planning commission of India was transformed into Niti aayog and the changes that put forward by Niti aayog and the difference between the planning commission and the Niti aayog are depicted in these slides.
Objectives of Five year plans in India,Five year plans,India,Development in India,Planning,Economic planning,Industries,India,Planning commission of India
It gives a breif description on how it formed, reason to dissolve Planning Commision and need for a new commitee and its functions, also what other initiatives are setup under the brand name Niti Aayog.
The planning commission of India was transformed into Niti aayog and the changes that put forward by Niti aayog and the difference between the planning commission and the Niti aayog are depicted in these slides.
Objectives and strategies of 12th Five Year plan. Second generation reforms-Corporate Governance, CSR, External sector and Capital account convertibility
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, also known as extracorporeal life support (ECLS), is an extracorporeal technique of providing prolonged cardiac and respiratory support to persons whose heart and lungs are unable to provide an
adequate amount of gas exchange or perfusion to sustain life. The technology for ECMO is largely derived from cardiopulmonary bypass, which provides shorter-term support with arrested native circulation.
This intervention has mostly been used on children, but it is seeing more use in adults with cardiac and respiratory failure. ECMO works by removing blood from the person's body and artificially removing the carbon dioxide and oxygenating red blood cells. Generally, it is used either post-cardiopulmonary bypass or in late stage treatment of a person with profound heart and/or lung failure, although it is now seeing use as a treatment for cardiac arrest in certain centers, allowing treatment of the underlying cause of arrest while circulation and oxygenation are supported.
Normal cell metabolism depends on the maintenance of blood pH within very narrow limits (7.35-7.45).
Even relatively mild excursions outside this normal pH range can have deleterious effects. ABG is most frequently performed on critically ill patients to assess acid base status of patients.
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a sudden episode of kidney failure or kidney damage that happens within a few hours or a few days.It's most common in those who are critically ill and already hospitalized.
continuous or intermittent monitoring of heart activity, generally by electrocardiography, with assessment of the patient's condition relative to their cardiac rhythm.
The inflammation of the heart muscles, such as myocarditis, the membrane sac which surrounds the heart called as pericarditis, and the inner lining of the heart or the myocardium, heart muscle as endocarditis are known as the inflammatory heart diseases.
Parkinson's disease is a progressive nervous system disorder that affects movement. Symptoms start gradually, sometimes starting with a barely noticeable tremor in just one hand. Tremors are common, but the disorder also commonly causes stiffness or slowing of movement.
Cardiac monitoring generally refers to continuous or intermittent monitoring of heart activity, generally by electrocardiography, with assessment of the patient's condition relative to their cardiac rhythm.
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) — also called prostate gland enlargement — is a common condition as men get older. An enlarged prostate gland can cause uncomfortable urinary symptoms, such as blocking the flow of urine out of the bladder.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
4. THE PLANNING COMMISSION IS AN INSTITUTION IN THE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
WHICH FORMULATES INDIA’S FIVE YEAR PLANS
SET UP ON 15TH MARCH 1950, WITH PRIME MINISTER JAWAHARLAL NEHRU AS
THE CHAIRMAN
5. The first five year plan was launched in 1951
The process of implementation of the five year plans was disrupted in 1966 and the fourth
five year plan was put off by three years due to the severe drought in the country and
aggressions from China and Pakistan.
The intervention period between the Third and fourth five year plans had annual plans.
PLAN HOLIDAY
Fifth FYP was launched and planned for period 1974-79 but Janata government came in
power in 1978 and ended the plan prematurely in 1978.The Janata government launched
sixth FYP for period 1978-1983. Congress government when came in power in 1980
abandoned the sixth FYP and launched a new sixth FYP for period 1980-1985
ROLLING PLAN
19. ECONOMICGROWTH
• Real GDP growth at 8%.
• Agriculture growth at
4%.
• Manufacturing growth at
10%.
• Every state must attain
higher growth rate than
the rate achieved during
11th plan
POVERTY&EMPLOYMENT
• Poverty rate to be reduced
by 10% than the rate at the
end of 11th plan.
• 5 Crore new work
opportunities and skill
certifications in non-farm
sector.
EDUCATION
• Mean years of
schooling to increase to
7 years.
• 20 lakh seats for each
age bracket in higher
education.
• End gender gap and
social gap in school
enrollment.
20. HEALTH
• Reduce : IMR to 25;
MMR to 1. Increase Child
Sex Ratio to 950.
• Reduce Total Fertility
Rate to 2.1
• Reduce under nutrition
of children in age group
0-3 to half of NFHS-3
levels.
INFRASTRUCTURE
• Investment in Infrastructure
at 9% of GDP
• Gross Irrigated Area 103
million hectare (from
90 million hectare)
• Electricity to all villages;
Reduce AT&C losses by 20%.
• Connect Villages with All
Weather Roads
• National and State high
ways to a minimum of 2
lane standard.
INFRASTRUCTURE
• Complete Eastern and Western
Dedicated Freight Corridors.
• Rural Tele-Density to 70%.
• 40 Litres Per Capita Per Day
Drinking Water to 50% of rural
population; Nirmal Gram Status
to 50% of all Gram Panchayats.
21. ENVIRONMENT&
STABILITY
• Increase green cover by 1
million hectare every year.
• 30,000 MW renewable
energy during Five Year
Period.
• Emission intensity of GDP to
be reduced to 20-25% of
2005 levels by 2020.
SERVICEDELIVERY
• Banking Services to 90% of
Indian Households.
• Subsidies and Welfare
related payment to be
routed through Aadhar
based Direct Cash Transfer
Scheme.
22.
23. The National Institution for Transforming India
NITI Aayog is the premier policy ‘Think Tank’ of the Government of India, providing both directional and policy
inputs. While designing strategic and long term policies and programmes for the Government of India, NITI Aayog
also provides relevant technical advice to the Centre and States.
This was done
to better serve the needs and aspirations of the people of India
to bring States to act together in national interest, and thereby foster
Cooperative Federalism.
24. Two hubs
NITI AAYOG
Team India
Hub
Knowledge and
Innovation Hub
leads the engagement of
states with the Central
government
builds NITI’s think-tank capabilities
These hubs reflect
the two key tasks of
the Aayog.
NITI Aayog is also developing itself as a State of the Art Resource Centre, with the
necessary resources, knowledge and skills, that will enable it to act with speed, promote
research and innovation, provide strategic policy vision for the government, and deal with
contingent issues.