The document discusses India's five year plans which were formulated to develop the economy after independence. The Planning Commission was established in 1950 to frame, execute and monitor the plans. The early plans focused on development of irrigation, infrastructure, and heavy industry to build a self-reliant economy. Later plans emphasized agriculture, poverty alleviation, rural development and privatization during economic liberalization in the 1990s. The plans aimed to achieve annual GDP growth targets and social development goals.

1. INDIA’S FIVE YEAR PLANS

2. Introduction –Why it was needed ?
 When India gained independence, its economy was
groveling in dust.
 The British had left the Indian economy crippled and the
fathers of development formulated 5years plan to
develop the Indian economy

3. Who Monitors It ?
 The five years plan in India is framed, executed and monitored by
the Planning Commission of India.
 The Planning Commission was set up in March, 1950.
 The draft of the first five-year plan was published in July 1951
and it was approved in December 1951.
 With the Prime Minister as the ex officio Chairman.
The commission has a nominated Deputy Chairman, who has rank
of a Cabinet minister.

4. First Five Year Plan (1951-1956)
 The first Prime Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru presented the first
plan to the Parliament of India on December 8, 1951.
 Objectives
 The primary aim was to improve living standards of the people
of India.
 This was done by making use of India's natural resources.
 The total outlay was worth Rs.2,069 crore.
 The target set for the growth in the GDP was 2.1percent every
year.

5. What Was Achieved ?
 In reality, GDP of 3.6 percent per annum was achieved .
 The following Irrigation projects were started during that period:
Mettur Dam ,Hirakud Dam and Bhakra Dam.
 Rehabilitation of landless workers, whose main occupation was
agriculture.
 Soil conservation, was given importance.
 Effort in improving posts and telegraphs, railway services, road
tracks, civil aviation were taken.
 Sufficient fund were allocated for the industrial sector. Measures
were taken for the growth of the small scale industries.

6. Second Five Year Plan(1956-1961)
 The 2nd year plan, functioned on the basis of Mahalanobis model
it was propounded by the famous statistician Prasanta Chandra
Mahalanobis in the year 1953. His model addresses different
issues pertaining to economic development.
 The plan attempted to determine the optimal allocation of
investment between productive sectors in order to maximize long-
run economic growth .
 Assumptions made by the Mahalanobis model:
 According to this model, it is assumed that the economy is closed
and has two segments.
1. Segment of consumption goods
2. Segment of capital goods.

7. Second Five Year Plan(1956-1961)
 Objective
 The second five-year plan focused on industry, especially heavy
industry.
 The Indian government boosted manufacturing of industrial goods
in the country.
 This was done primarily to develop the public sector.

8. What Was Achieved ?
 Five steel mills at Bhilai , Durgapur, Rourkela and Jamshedpur
were set up .
 Hydroelectric power plants were formed .
 Coal production was increased.
 Railway lines were added in the north east.
 The Atomic Energy Commission was formed in 1957 with Homi J.
Bhabha as the first chairman.
 Tata Institute of Fundamental Research was born.

9. Third Five Year plan(1961-1966)
 Objective
 The third plan stressed on agriculture and improving production of
rice, but the brief Sino-Indian War in 1962 exposed weaknesses in
the economy and shifted the focus towards defence.
 The war led to inflation and the priority was shifted to price
stabilization.
 Increasing the national income by 5 percent per annum.
 Minimizing rate of unemployment.
 Ensuring that people enjoy equal rights in the country.

10. What Was Achieved ?
 The construction of dams continued.
 Many cement and fertilizer plants were also built.
 Punjab begun producing an abundance of wheat.
 Many primary schools were started in rural areas.
 Panchayat elections were started and the states were given
more development responsibilities.
 State electricity boards and state secondary education boards
were formed.

11. Fourth Five Year plan(1969-1974)
 Indira Gandhi was the Prime Minister.
 Objective
 India had to reform and restructure its expenditure agenda,
following the attack on India in the year 1962 and for the
second time in the year 1965.
 Due to recession, famine and drought, India did not pay much
heed to long term goals.
 The need for foreign reserves was felt.

12. What Was Achieved ?
 The Indira Gandhi government nationalized 14 major Indian
banks .
 Funds earmarked for the industrial development had to be used
for the war effort.
 Green Revolution in India advanced agriculture.
 Food grains production increased to bring about self sufficiency
in production.

13. Fifth Five Year plan(1974-1979)
 Objective
 The world economy was in a troublesome state which had a
negative impact on the Indian economy.
 Therefore, priority was given to the food and energy sectors.
 Improving the scope of self-employment through a well
integrated program.
 Reduce poverty
 Improving the agricultural condition by implementing land
reform measures.

14. What Was Achieved ?
 Electricity Supply Act was enacted in 1975, which enabled the
Central Government to enter into power generation and
transmission.
 Importance of a labor intensive production technology in India.
 Increase in the supply of food grains and the export of minerals
and oil reserve earned a good amount of foreign exchange to
the Indian Economy.
 Enhancing the import substitution in the spheres including
chemicals, paper, mineral and equipment industries.

15. Sixth Five Year plan (1980-1985)
 Objective
 6th Five Year Plan is also referred to as the Janata
Government Plan which marked a reversal of the Nehruvian
model.
 Rajiv Gandhi was elected as the prime minister, He aimed for
rapid industrial development, especially in the area of
information technology.
 Progress was slow, however, partly because of caution on the
part of labour and communist leaders.

16. What Was Achieved ?
 The Indian national highway system was introduced for the first
time and many roads were widened to accommodate the
increasing traffic.
 Tourism also expanded.
 The sixth plan also marked the beginning of economic
liberalization.
 Family Planning was implemented for the first time in India .
 Price controls were eliminated and ration shops were closed.
This led to an increase in food prices and an increased cost of
living.

17. Seventh Five Year plan(1985-1989)
 The thrust areas of the 7th Five year plan have been enlisted
below:
 Social Justice
 Introduction and application of modern technology
 Agricultural development
 Anti-poverty programs
 Assuring the essentials of food, shelter and clothing to the people
 Increasing productivity of small and large scale farmers
 Making India an Independent Economy

18. What Was Achieved ?
 India strove to bring about a self-sustained economy in the
country with valuable contributions from voluntary agencies and
the general populace.
 Care was taken to establish a harmony in all the sectors that are
contained in an economy.
 Spread education among girls, enhance telecommunication within
the country.
 The government of India also strove to maintain a balance in the
economy and by striking a balance within export and import.

19. Period between 1989-91
 In 1991, India faced a crisis in Foreign Exchange (Forex)
reserves.
 P.V. Narasimha Rao was the twelfth Prime Minister, and led
the most important administrations in India's modern history
overseeing a major economic transformation and several
incidents affecting national security.
 Dr. Manmohan Singh launched India's free market reforms
that brought the nearly bankrupt nation back from the
edge.
 It was the beginning of privatisation and liberalisation in
India.

20. Eight Five Year plan(1992-1997)
 This plan can be termed as Rao and Manmohan model of Economic
development.
 Objective
 Modernization of industries was a major highlight of the Eighth Plan
 Containing population growth, poverty reduction.
 Employment generation, strengthening the infrastructure, Institutional
building.
 Human Resource development

21. What Was Achieved ?
 Production of food increased to 176.22 million from 51 million
which was a huge in comparison to the previous years.
 Energy was given priority with 26.6% of the outlay.
 India became a member of the World Trade Organization on 1
January 1995
 An average annual growth rate of 6.7% against the target 5.6%
was achieved.

22. Ninth Five Year Plan (1997 - 2002)
 Objective
 To prioritize agricultural sector and on the rural development
 To generate employment opportunities and promote poverty
reduction
 To stabilize the prices in order to accelerate the growth rate of the
economy
 To ensure food and nutritional security
 To provide for the basic facilities like education for all, safe drinking
water, primary health care, transport, energy
 To check the growing population
 To encourage social issues like women empowerment, conservation of
certain benefits for the Special Groups of the society
 To create a liberal market for increase in private investments

23. What Was Achieved ?
 It was tool for solving the economic and social problems
existing in the country.
 The growth rate was 5.35 per cent, A percentage point lower
than the target GDP growth of 6.5 per cent

24. Tenth Five Year Plan(2002-2007)
 Objective
 Reduction in
 Poverty ratio by 5 % points by 2007;
 Gender gaps in literacy and wage rates by at least 50% by 2007;
 Decadal rate of population growth between 2001 and 2011 to 16.2%;
 Infant mortality rate (IMR) to 45 per 1000 live births by 2007 and to 28 by
2012;
 Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) to 2 per 1000 live births by 2007 and to 1 by
2012;
 Increase in
 Literacy Rates to 75 per cent
 Forest and tree cover to 25% by 2007 and 33% by 2012;

25. Tenth Five Year Plan(2002-2007)
 All villages to have sustained access to potable drinking water
 Cleaning of all major polluted rivers by 2007
 Economic Growth further accelerated during this period and
crosses over 8% by 2006
 Providing gainful and high-quality employment at least to the
addition to the labour force;
 All children in India in school by 2003; and to complete 5 years
of schooling by 2007;

26. Eleventh Five Year Plan (2007-2012)
 Objective
 Objective to increase GDP growth to 10%.
 Increase agricultural GDP growth to 4% per year to ensure
a wider spread of benefits.
 Create 70 million new work opportunities.
 Augment minimum standards of education in primary school.
 Reduce infant mortality rate to 28 and malnutrition among
children of age group 0-3 to half of its present level.
 Ensure electricity connection to all villages and increase
forest and tree cover by five percentage points.

27. INDIA’S GROWTH PERFORMANCE DURING THE PLANS
8
8 7.2
7 6.68 6.5
5.6 5.7 5.84 6.02 5.6 5.5
6 5.2 5
4.5 4.83
5 4.21 4.4
4 3.6
2.72
3 2.1 2.05
2 Target
1 Actual
0

28. Trends in Per capita NNP at factor cost
Average (1951 to 2000) :- 2.2
NNP at factor Cost
7 6.1
6
5 4.5
4 3.1 3.3 3.3
3 2.6 2.6
1.7
2
0.8
1 0.4
NNP at factor Cost
0

29. Conclusions
 Lack of consistency.
 Monsoon-a dominant factor.
 Modest growth rate.
 Foreign capital.
 Less impressive.
 Objectives remain unfulfilled.

30. THANK YOU