This document provides definitions and explanations of key parasitological terminology used in the study of parasites and their relationships with hosts. It defines terms like parasite, host, antigen, antibody, pathogen, and more. It also describes parasite types based on factors like host specificity, life cycles, and localization in the host. Reproductive strategies seen in parasites are explained, along with terms for parasite developmental stages and disease concepts. The document serves as an overview of fundamental concepts in parasitology.

1. A Presentation on Some
Parasitological Terminology
BY
Partho Banik (ASH1602012M)
Mst. Jannatul Ferdows Setu(BKH1602019F)
Md. Abdus Salam (ASH1602021M)
Debabrata Paul (ASH1602030M)

2. Parasitology
Fish parasitology
Parasite
Host
Antigen
Antibody
Pathogen
Pathology
Attachment organ
Larval parasite
Sexual & asexual reproduction
Parthenogenesis
Hermaphrodite
Dioecious
Spore& cyst
Zoonosis
Symbiosis
Disease terminology
At a glance

3. It is the branch of science which deals with the study
of the relationship between the parasite and host.
`
It is the branch of science that deals with the study of
parasite of fishes. It includes the infection and disease
of fish caused by parasite.
Parasitology
Fish parasitology

4. Parasite
The term “parasite” is originated from Greek word- ‘para’ means besides and ‘sitos’ means food. So parasite are those animal
which cling to relatively large animals externally or internally for food and also for completion of their life cycle. Among these
two organisms, smaller one is parasite and larger one is host.
On the basis of host specificity, parasites are divided into
three types:
1.Monoxenous parasites
2.Oligoxenous parasites
3.Polyxenous parasites
On the basis of number of host for completion of their life
cycle, parasites are divided into three types:
1.Stenoxenous parasites
2.Heteroxenous parasites
Heteroxenous parasites are also divided into two types:
1. Diheteroxenous parasites
2. Triheteroxenous parasites

5. According to the localization of the parasites in the body of the host, parasites are also divided into three types:
Ectoparasite: The parasites which live on external surface of the bodies of their host is called
ectoparasite. In fish, they are found on skin, gills and fins e.g. Dactylogyrus-gill fluke-on gills of fish.
Endoparasite: The parasites which live in the interior of the host e.g. Ligula intestinalis live in visceral
cavity of fish.
Haemoparasites: The parasites which live in the blood of the host animals e.g. Some protozoan and
nematode parasites.
On the basis on dependency-
Permanent parasite: A parasite which permanently live in contact with its host, is called permanent
parasite.
Facultative parasite: A parasite which can live without a host is called facultative parasite.
Obligatory parasite: A parasite which cannot live without a host is called obligatory parasite.
Periodic parasite: A parasite which visits its host at intervals.

6. It is an organism which is physiologically larger than a parasite, belongs to a different species and provide protection and
supply nourishment to the parasite.
 Definitive or final
 Intermediate host
 Reservoir host
 Paratenic host
Vectors :
The hosts which carries and transmit the infective stage of parasite from one host to another are called as vectors.
Host specificity :
Host specificity can be defined as natural adaptability of a particular parasite to certain species or group of host. Parasites
can be very particular about which host species they will use.
Host

7. • Antigen:
A substance which induce the formation of antibody.
• Antibody:
Specific protein(globulin) formed by the host as a reaction to an
antigen.
• Pathogen:
Pathogenic organisms, the organisms which causes diseases into the
host.
• Pathology:
Pathology is a science which is deal with diseases and its symptoms.

8. Attachment Organ
Scolex
The knoblike anterior end of a tapeworm, having suckers
or hook like parts that in the adult stage serve as organs of
attachment to the host on which the tapeworm is parasitic.
Probosics
The most common usage is to refer to the tubular feeding
and sucking organ of certain invertebrates such as insects
worms and gastropod molluscs.
Strobilla
Strobilla the chain of segments of a tapeworm.

9. An organisms parasitic larvae.
Corasidium: The ciliated larvae of many tapeworm.
Carcaria: Tailed larvae of a trematode.
1. Mesocercaria
2. Metacercaria
Plerocercoid: A larvae stage of many cestode.
Procercoid: A larval stage of many tapeworm.
Larval parasite

10. Sexual reproduction : Reproduction involving the union of gametes.
Asexual reproduction : Asexual reproduction occurs when an organism makes more of itself
without exchanging genetic information with another organism through sex.
Parthenogenesis.
Parthenogenesis : Parthenogenesis a reproductive strategy that involves development of a
female (rarely a male) gamete (sex cell) without fertilization. It occurs commonly among
lower plants and invertebrate animals .
Hermaphrodite : An individual organism with male & female reproductive organ.
Dioecious : Dioecious having the male and female organs in separate and distinct
individuals; having separate sexes.

11. Direct life cycle
Parasitic life cycles occur in a variety of forms, all involving the exploitation of one or more hosts. Those that infect a
single species have direct life cycles.
Indirect life cycle
Parasitic life cycles occur in a variety of forms, all involving the exploitation of one or more hosts. Those that must
infect more than one host species to complete their life cycles are said to have complex or indirect life cycles. Those
that infect a single species have direct life cycles.
Spore
Spore a reproductive cell capable of developing into a new individual without fusion with another reproductive cell.
Cyst
A cyst is a closed capsule or sac-like structure, usually filled with liquid, semisolid, or gaseous material.

12. Zoonosis
A zoonosis is any disease or infection that is naturally transmissible from vertebrate animals to humans.
 Epizoon : An animal that lives on the body of another animal, especially as a parasite.
 Epizootic : Epizootic is a disease event in a nonhuman animal population ,analogous 2n epidemic in humans.

13. Fluke
A parasitic flatworm that has external suckers. Flukes are sometimes called trematodes.
Trematode
Parasitic flatworms or another name for fluke, taken from a Greek word that means having holes.
Worm
Any of various invertebrate animals having a soft, long body that is round or flattened and usually lacks
limbs. The term worm is used variously to refer to the segmented worms (or annelids, such as the
earthworm), roundworms (or nematodes), flatworms (or platyhelminths), and various other groups.

14. The living together in more or less intimate association or close union of two dissimilar organisms.
Types of symbiosis :
Symbiosis
Parasitism Phoresis

15. Cleaning symbiosis
Mutualism
Commensalism

16. Immunity
The ability of an organism to resist a particular infection or toxin by the action of specific
antibodies.
Macrophage
large cell capable of phagocytosis.
Inflammation
A local tissue response to cellular injury marked by widening of blood capilaries,
infiltration by white blood cell etc.
Hyperplasia
An increase in the number of cell is called hyperplasia.
Metaplasia
metaplasia is the abnormal change in the nature of a tissue.
Disease Terminology

17. Haemorrhage
Discharge of blood from the blood vessels, caused by injury is known as haemorrhage.
Anemia
Anemia is a decrease in the total amount of red blood cells (rbcs) or hemoglobin in the
blood, or a lowered ability of the blood to carry oxygen.
Chronic disease
An disease persisting for a long time or constantly recurring, of a very poor quality.
Acute disease
A disease or disorder that lasts a short time, comes on rapidly, and is accompanied by
distinct symptoms.
Necrosis
The death of most or all of the cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury, or
failure of the blood supply is called necrosis.