This document discusses several theories of first language acquisition: - Behaviorist theory proposed by Skinner that language is learned through imitation and reinforcement. - Innatist theory proposed by Chomsky that humans are born with an innate language acquisition device that gives us the ability to learn language according to universal grammar rules. - Cognitive development theory proposed by Piaget and Vygotsky that language develops from cognitive development and is influenced by social interactions. - Social interactionist theory proposed that both innate abilities and interactions with caregivers are necessary for language acquisition and that modified "motherese" speech helps children learn.

1. CHAPTER
13 A
First Language Acquisition

2. CAN LANGUAGE BE TAUGHT?

3. Theories on Language Acquisition
 Behaviorist Theory (Skinner)
 Innatist Theory (Chomsky)
 Cognitive Development Theory (Piaget,
Vygotsky)
 Social Interactionist Theory (Elizabeth Bates,
Brian MacWhinney, Jerome Bruner, Catherine
Snow)

4. B.F. Skinner
 Behaviorism (Behaviorist
Theory)
 Mind is seen as a blank
slate or tabula rasa
 Learning is via imitation
and habit formation
 Corrections and repetitions
are vital
 Imitation and practice are
primary processes in
language development

5. Noam Chomsky
 • Innatist Theory
• The Language Acquisition
Device (LAD)
• Children have an innate
knowledge of the basic
grammatical structure that is
the basis to all languages
• The Universal Grammar
(UG)
• The Critical Period –
essential for first language
acquisition

6. Piaget
 Cognitive development:
assimilation & accommodation
= adaptation
 Intellectual development, on
the other hand, is directly
connected to the role of
language
 However, he considered
language secondary to
cognition (understanding)
 Language is a product of
intelligence

7. Vygostky
 Cognitive development within a
social context
 Language plays an essential
role for children‟s development
 ZPD (Zone of Proximal
Development): children as
social beings who develop with
help from more capable peers

8. What comes first?
PIAGET VYGOTSKY
Cognition! Language!

9. Social Interactionist Theory
• Innate ability and exposure alone do not explain
language acquisition
• Interaction between caregivers and child is mandatory
to language acquisition
• Language that is modified to suit the capability of the
learner is a crucial element to language acquisition

10. Caregiver speech
 Motherese, child-directed
speech, care-giver speech,
baby-talk
 Frequent use of questions
 Exaggerated intonation
 Extra loudness
 Slower tempo and longer
pauses
 “baby talk” – is it necessary?

11. The Productivity of Language
 With a limited set of grammar rules and a finite set
of terms, it is possible to create an infinite number
of utterances
 According to Chomsky, only an innate capacity
could explain how fast a child acquires language
 This only applies if there is no impairment, and if
the circumstances are adequate

12. Acquisition
 The identification and application of regularities
 Linguistic input being differentiated by the child:
Child can tell the difference between sounds like
[ba] and [pa]
 Output: child can create sounds like [ba] and [pa]

13. Language is a social tool

14. More Information
B.F. Skinner: http://www.simplypsychology.org/operant-
conditioning.html
Noam Chomsky:
http://www.simplypsychology.org/language.html
Jean Piaget:
http://www.simplypsychology.org/piaget.html
Lev Vygotsky:
http://www.simplypsychology.org/vygotsky.html

15. What about your language acquisition?
 Were you an early „conversationalist‟ or a so
called „chatter box‟?
 Do you believe your upbringing was mainly
responsible for your current approach to
language, or do you credit personality as the
main factor in how you relate to language and
express yourself?
 Is language always the most powerful way to
get your thoughts across, or do you think
language is „overrated‟ and too much pressure
is placed on being able to express ourselves
orally?
 As a future teacher, how do you rate the
importance of your ability to communicate
your ideas well?