This presentation would cover slides on the financial market, various types of financial market. Money market and the instruments of money market like the call money, treasury bills, certificate of deposits, commercial papers.
Descriptions and explanation of all types of derivative instruments to trade with on the capital market.
http://www.koffeefinancial.com/Static/Learn.aspx
Need a quick overview of how financial markets work? This presentation is taken from my book: "Figuring Out Wall Street" and is one of several presentations prepared for seminars on stock markets, investing and financial planning. If you would like a copy, drop me an email at floyd@floydsaunders.com. We develop training for the financial services industry, contact us for details or a quote on your needs.
Descriptions and explanation of all types of derivative instruments to trade with on the capital market.
http://www.koffeefinancial.com/Static/Learn.aspx
Need a quick overview of how financial markets work? This presentation is taken from my book: "Figuring Out Wall Street" and is one of several presentations prepared for seminars on stock markets, investing and financial planning. If you would like a copy, drop me an email at floyd@floydsaunders.com. We develop training for the financial services industry, contact us for details or a quote on your needs.
Differences between Fundamental Analysis and Technical AnalysisDhanashri Academy
A lot of traders especially the beginner traders are being confuse about the differences between the fundamental and technical analysis. Here we explain the difference between fundamental and technical analysis, and discuss how to determine which investing approach is best for you.
Trading has changed from local to global and so have the processes from paper to Online. The result is change in process from T+3 to T+1 and real time trading and settlement of a trade.
Financial Markets - Money market-Organized and Unorganized-Sub markets
Capital market- Primary market-IPO-FPO- NFO, Book Building-Right Issue-Private placement- Bonus issue-Buyback
Secondary Market-Stock exchanges- Role and functions of Stock Exchanges- BSE-NSE.
Regulatory authorities and their functions – RBI, SEBI
Indian financial system which covers its elements, money market and capital market.it also coversd the instruments traded in money market and capital market in India.
Differences between Fundamental Analysis and Technical AnalysisDhanashri Academy
A lot of traders especially the beginner traders are being confuse about the differences between the fundamental and technical analysis. Here we explain the difference between fundamental and technical analysis, and discuss how to determine which investing approach is best for you.
Trading has changed from local to global and so have the processes from paper to Online. The result is change in process from T+3 to T+1 and real time trading and settlement of a trade.
Financial Markets - Money market-Organized and Unorganized-Sub markets
Capital market- Primary market-IPO-FPO- NFO, Book Building-Right Issue-Private placement- Bonus issue-Buyback
Secondary Market-Stock exchanges- Role and functions of Stock Exchanges- BSE-NSE.
Regulatory authorities and their functions – RBI, SEBI
Indian financial system which covers its elements, money market and capital market.it also coversd the instruments traded in money market and capital market in India.
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https://youtu.be/-rMBOD618W0
Money market is component of financial system where money or its equivalent assets can be traded. Money here represents liquidity.
It is place where public, large corporates and government manage their short term cash needs.
Short term borrowing and lending is done by financial institutions and dealers with liquid instruments having short term maturities (fortnight to one year).
Thus, money market is a market where short term obligations such as treasury bills, commercial papers and bankers acceptances are bought and sold.
FEATURES OF MONEY MARKET
It is a market purely for short-term funds having a maturity period less than one year only.
Transactions have to be conducted without the help of brokers.
It comprises of several sub-market like call money market, acceptance bill market, treasury bill market etc.
The players in the money market include commercial banks, government, corporates and NBFC (Non-Banking Financial Companies).
Transactions take place through phone i.e., oral communication. Relevant documents and written communications can be exchanged subsequently. There is no formal place like stock exchange as in the case of a capital market.
Beware, never use golden or yellow color in your slide cause it flashes in projector. By the way, it isn't the best work I have done but it is among my first slides so I just love it. Hope you too...
Players of Money Market and Capital Market Pawel Gautam
financial market , functions of financial market , Characteristics Of Financial Markets, What Is Money Market ,Structure of Indian Money ₹ Market ,Functions of Money Markets,Players Of Money Market, Capital Market , Types of Capital Market , Structure of Indian Capital Market , Functions of Capital Market , Constituents/Components of Capital Markets, PLAYERS OF CAPITAL MARKET
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This video covers top five things one must know related to bitcoin trading. It is gaining popularity as a whole new investment option with lucrative returns. (bitcoin meaning, how bitcoin works, apps for bitcoin trading, bitcoin returns)
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This tends to cover the basics of cash management in terms of its meaning, objectives, functions and tools explained in simple manner. ( cash management, motives for holding cash, objectives of cash management, cash budget, cash flow statement).
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This video enhances your knowledge on portfolio management. It explains the meaning, types, process and objective of managing portfolio which comprises of stocks, mutual funds, commodities, metal, real estate etc. diversified sort of investments.(portfolio management)
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This video gives a detail on "No Cost EMI" scheme where consumer durable items can be purchased on easy installments on product purchase price.
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All major aspects you need to know about Health Insurance is covered in the video.
Face Value is the original value of share issued mentioned in the share certificate at beginning when co. gets listed on stock exchange.
Face value does not change and stay constant unless stock is split.
Book Value is the Net worth of the Co.
Net worth = Total assets – Total liabilities.
Book value per Share equals : Net Worth / Total No. of O/s Shares
A company's book value is the amount that the shareholders would receive after all assets were liquidated and liabilities paid off.
Market Value is the current trading price of the stock quoted on exchange.
Market value is calculated by multiplying the total number of shares outstanding with the current market price of a share.
Book value and market value are both helpful in calculating whether a stock is fairly valued, overvalued or undervalued.
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Moratorium period refers to the particular duration in the loan tenure when the borrower is not required to make any repayment in form of EMI. This period is also known as EMI holiday. Moratorium in terms of law means delay or suspension of an activity in a legal context.
PURPOSE - Usually, such breaks are offered to help individuals facing temporary financial difficulties or to help them plan their repayment well.
INTEREST - Borrower can opt to serve interest during moratorium period or after moratorium period in form of higher EMI. Simple interest is charged for the number of months borrower have taken the moratorium on the loan principal amount outstanding.
Generally you will find moratorium period in home loan, education loan, project finance etc.
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Hire Purchase is a system through which a person hires the asset from seller for a time period by paying installments and can own the asset once last installment is paid at the end of contract. There are generally 3 parties involved in the whole hire purchase transaction.
HIRE VENDOR / SELLER – One who sells the asset to Hirer.
FINANCING COMPANY – The link of payment between seller and purchaser. Pays amount to the seller and accepts installments from hirer.
HIRE PURCHASER / HIRER – One who purchases the asset from Vendor.
OWNERSHIP & POSSESSION - Hirer will immediately get possession of the asset after making down-payment but ownership will remain with the seller till the last installment is paid.
INSTALLMENT - Through Hire Purchase system, Hirer can make payment of purchased asset’s price in installment over an agreed period.
RETURN OF ASSET – The Hirer has the right to return the asset, before end of the agreement and stop making future payment.
TRANSFER OF ASSET – Hirer cannot transfer or sell the asset to another party until the last installment is made.
DEFAULT IN PAYMENT – In case the hirer defaults on any installment payment, the seller is entitled to take away the asset with him.
ASSET INVOLVED – Car, Bikes, Computer, Electrical Goods, Furniture, Machinery Equipment, Refrigerator etc.
DOWNPAYMENT – Generally downpayment ranges between 15 – 20% of the purchase price.
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Infrastructure refers to the physical structure and facilities needed for development of an area and operation of economy & society.
Major projects covered under definition of infrastructure are roads, bridges, highways, port, railways, airport, sanitation, sewerage system, industrial park, broadband network, telecommunication network and internet setup.
In earlier days development of infrastructure was considered to be responsibility of government and there was no role of private sector involvement.
Due to drawbacks like limited capital, slow development and quality of service, private companies were engaged in this sector.
This led to existence of Public Private Partnership Model (PPP Model) which involved contractual partnership between government and private sector companies to operate infrastructure projects.
Infrastructure Financing
With growing prominence of infrastructure in economic development, big corporates like Tatas, Birlas and Ambanis invested capital in setting up of infrastructure development companies.
Compared to other sectors, the demand for bank loan from infrastructure projects was huge and this came as an opportunity for banks to encash big projects.
To provide huge loan requirements for these infra projects, banks started the concept of corporate funding like consortium finance, loan syndication which involved multiple banks coming together to advance the credit/ loan.
As per RBI guidelines the amount of loan sanctioned should be within overall ceiling of prudential exposure as prescribed for infrastructure financing.
RBI also mentioned that the Banks/ FIs should have the requisite expertise for credit evaluation of infra projects in terms of financial viability, technical feasibility, risk & sensitivity analysis, due diligence.
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Banks need to recover the money lent to the borrowers. In case the funds lend becomes npa; it hampers whole banking business and decrease profitability.
“Recovery” is defined as the process of regaining and saving something lost and “Management” is the process of planning, organizing and controlling activities to achieve the objectives of business efficiently.
Recovery Management is thus concerned with designing and implementing a collection of strategy to recover the debts without losing customers.
Recovery measures could be legal and non-legal :- Banks could adopt legal measures to recover loans by filing a suit in civil court or filing an application before the DRTs. Before taking legal actions banks generally give frequent reminders by calls, messages, mails and visit to borrower’s place which is considered as non-legal measures without intervention of court.
Major reasons behind defaults :- Lack of credit evaluation, Inadequacy of collateral security/ equitable mortgage against loan, Lack of follow up measures, Default due to natural calamities etc.
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DIRECTOR – According to Companies Act, A director may be defined as a person having control over the direction, conduct, management or superintendence of the affairs of a company. Anyone one who is in the power to perform the duties and responsibilities of a director will be called as director by virtue of his function irrespective of, by what name he is called.
BOARD OF DIRECTORS - A board of directors include all directors elected by a corporation's shareholders to represent their interests and ensure that the company's management acts on their behalf. The Board has extensive power to manage a company, delegate decision making power to executives and ensure that company’s objectives are achieved in compliance with the provisions of the Articles of Association. The board shall exercise its power subject to provisions contained in Articles, Memorandum, Central Govt. and Company law board.
EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR – The full time working director of the company responsible towards shareholder’s interest and company’s profitability.
NON-EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR – They are not involved in everyday working of the company. They take part in planning, policy-making and attends board meeting of the company.
INDEPENDENT DIRECTOR – They are the directors who do not have any relationship with the company which might influence their decisions or judgments. They are the person with integrity, experience and expertise.
NOMINEE DIRECTOR – They are appointed in a company to ensure that the affairs of the company are conducted in a manner dictated by the laws governing companies and there is no oppression or mismanagement.
ALTERNATE DIRECTOR – Appointed to attend, speak and vote in a board meeting on behalf of the director of a company who would be unable to attend.
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Inventory means stock of goods like raw material, work in progress, stores of finished goods, consumables etc.
Inventory management means planning, organizing, handling and storing adequate level of inventory with optimized cost to meet consumer’s demand.
There are two most significant costs involved in managing inventory (ordering cost and carrying cost)
Inventory occupy 50–80% of the total current assets of the business concern. It is very essential part of working capital management and production management.
ECONOMIC ORDER QUANTITY
Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) refers to the optimum level of inventory at which the total cost of inventory comprising ordering cost and carrying cost is minimum maintaining the forecasted demand adequacy.
FORMULA : EOQ = √2AO / C
A - Annual consumption, O - Ordering cost per order, C - Carrying cost (expressed in percentage terms of purchase price per unit)
A-B-C ANALYSIS OF INVENTORY
It is the inventory management technique that divide inventory into three categories based on the value and volume of the inventories.
In most inventories a small proportion of items accounts for substantial usage and high monetary value while a large proportion of items accounts for small usage and low monetary value.
ABC analysis advocates a selective approach to classify and focus greater concentration on inventory items accounting for high monetary value and bulk usage.
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The quantum of fund required by big businesses/ corporates for various purposes like expansion, equipment purchase, plant set up, working capital etc. is huge which involves high risk for a single bank to provide the loan required.
Consortium finance is the way by which few banks come together and extend the loan facilities by sharing the loan amount between themselves.
This is also known as joint financing. Loan requirements of government and public sector units are also financed through consortium.
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The term ‘bank’ is derived from the French word ‘Banco’ which means a Bench or Money exchange table.
A bank is a financial institution that provides banking and other financial services to their customers such as accepting deposits, lending loans, money transfer and selling third party products like insurance, mutual fund and portfolio management.
When banks accept deposits its liabilities increase as it has to pay interest to the customer but when it provides loans/ advances its assets increases as it earns interest.
As financial intermediaries, banks stand between depositors who supply capital and borrowers who demand capital.
The functions of commercial banks can be broadly categorized into : a) Primary functions b) Secondary functions
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Customer Relationship Management Model defines framework to manage customer relationship through stages from acquisition till retention.
CRM Model lays down strategy to develop customer relationship by focusing on :-
Customer Satisfaction
Building Customer Loyalty
Enhancing Customer experience through customized product/ service
Providing competitive advantage
Establishing strong multi-channel communication network
CRM MODELS- IDIC Model, QCI Model, Value Chain Model, 5 Forces Model.
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ACCOUNTING CONCEPTS:-
1. SEPARATE ENTITY CONCEPT – According to this concept, business is considered as a separate legal entity which has its distinct identity separate from its owner. This concept is extremely useful in keeping business affairs strictly free from private affairs of owner. This is the reason why withdrawal by owner from business is treated as drawing.
2. GOING CONCERN CONCEPT – According to this concept, it is assumed that business is established and will continue for a fairly long time in future. This is the reason why while valuing assets of firm current resale value is not taken into account instead depreciation is charge on basis of their expected life.
3. MONEY MEASUREMENT CONCEPT – According to this concept, accounting should necessarily record only those transactions which can be expressed in monetary terms. This is the reason why qualitative facts like change in management are not recorded in books of account.
4. COST CONCEPT – This concept is closely related to going concern concept and emphasizes that asset should be recorded at its cost price and not market price which keeps on changing.
5. DUAL ASPECT CONCEPT – The dual aspect concept states that every business transaction requires recordation in two different accounts. The concept is derived from the accounting equation, which states that: Assets = Liabilities + Equity .The accounting equation is made visible in the balance sheet, where the total amount of assets listed must equal the total of all liabilities and equity.
6. ACCOUNTING PERIOD CONCEPT – According to this concept, accounting should measure transactions at regular intervals for a specified period of time called accounting period. Necessary financial disclosures and reporting need to be made at the end of accounting period which may be quarterly, half-yearly or yearly.
7. MATCHING CONCEPT – This concept is also known as periodic matching of cost and revenue. According to this concept, profits made by business in particular accounting period can be ascertained only when the revenues earned during the period are compared with the expenses incurred in earning the revenue.
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NBFC are institutions or entities that provide financial / banking services but do not hold banking license.
These entities are registered under Companies Act.
Provides banking services like facilitating loan, financial advisory, wealth management, investment, leasing, underwriting, merger activities, general insurance etc.
Cannot accept demand deposits i.e. Current A/c and Saving A/c.
Examples – Bajaj Finserv, Muthoot Finance Ltd, IL&FS, Aditya Birla Finance Ltd. Etc.
Also referred as Shadow banking system
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NPCI, an initiative of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) and Indian Banking Association (IBA) is an umbrella organization for operating retail payments and settlement systems in India.
It functions under provision of Payment and Settlement Systems Act, 2007.
It is a not-for-profit organization set up under the provisions of Section 25 of Companies Act, 1956 (amended as Sec 8 of Companies Act 2013).
Facilitates easy access to online payment services with variety of banking products and services.
Products offered by NPCI
IMPS (Immediate Payment Service) is an instant payment inter-bank electronic funds transfer system in India. Unlike NEFT and RTGS, the service is available 24*7 throughout the year.
NFS (National Financial Switch) is the largest network of shared ATMs in India facilitating convenience banking.
AePS (Aadhaar-enabled Payment Service) is a bank led model that allows financial transaction at PoS of any bank using the Aadhaar authentication through the retail merchant.
CTS (Cheque Truncation System) facilitates uses of digital signature or encryption methods to prevent manipulation of data during transition of cheque clearance.
UPI (Unique Payments Interface) is a system that makes multiple bank accounts to be accessed from a single mobile application using mobile no. or UPI id as unique transaction address.
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Credit monitoring is the continuous process of reviewing and following loan accounts, asset quality and credit reports to judge the accuracy and standard of loan asset.
Whenever loan is granted to customer, banker is required to ensure that it remains a standard asset and does not turn out to be non-performing asset.
Pre-disbursement Care
Sanction letter shall be issued detailing various terms and conditions on which the loan has been approved.
Acknowledgement letter should be obtained from borrower stating that he/she has well understood and noted the terms of sanction.
Security documents along with acknowledgement letter should be kept aside properly.
Credit report should be reviewed periodically to ensure that there are no adversity causing risk to loan recovery.
Documentation should be done in proper format with all signatures as a part of due diligence.
End use verification to ensure legality of purpose.
Post-disbursement Care
Post-disbursement monitoring involves both onsite monitoring (visiting the unit) and offsite monitoring (scrutiny of records)
OFFSITE MONITORING INVOLVES :-
Study of Quarterly Information System, Monthly Select Operational Data, Cash Budget and Financial Statements
Stock Statement Verification
Scrutiny of the register and bills
Annual report containing director’s report, management discussion analysis, auditor’s report and financial statements
Comparison of actual financials with projected one on the basis of which loan was sanctioned
ONSITE MONITORING INVOLVES :-
Physical verification of stock
Check whether all machinery are working in good condition
Checking of Register Books ( Sales register, Purchase register, Production register, Stock register)
Invoices and utility bills
No. of skilled and unskilled workers in the unit
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Stewardship Theory, developed by Donaldson and Davis focuses on understanding the existing relationships between ownership and management of the company.
Under Stewardship theory managers are considered as Stewards which means someone who is responsible to protect and act in the best interest of shareholders.
It is opposite to agency theory which mentions the conflict of interest between managers and shareholders.
Managers are considered as committed to business, responsible, working towards accomplishment of mission and vision of organization.
They are the one who brings out collectivism in organization and align everyone’s objective for the growth of business.
Focuses on recognizing various groups in organization and empowers them with motivation and delegation of work.
Balances all stakeholders and add significant value to organization reputation.
There exist a strong relationship between managers and success of the company.
Stewards tries to maximize shareholders wealth by constantly increasing profitability and efficiency of business.
More control and restrictions over managers may lower their motivation and hence turn them out unproductive since they take most of the strategic decisions for growth of business in long run.
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Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
2. AGENDA
• Introduction to Financial Market
• Types of Financial Market
• Money Market
• Instruments of money market-
• Call Money
• Commercial Papers
• Treasury Bills
• Certificate of deposits
3. Introduction to Financial
Market
• Financial market is a market that involves trading of financial assets
like equities, bonds, currencies etc.
• Establishes price of financial assets with the presence of forces of
demand and supply for these assets
• It provides liquidity to financial assets as they could be negotiated
and transferred to raise funds from investors with different time
horizons
• It helps saving the cost of transaction like cost involved in searching
for the asset, gathering information, time involved in locating the
customer
• It acts as a pool between savers, investors and borrowers
• It involves various parties like Govt., Banks, Financial Institutions,
Insurance Companies, Mutual funds
4. Types of Financial Market
• Money Market (The market where financial assets with short term
maturities are traded)
• Capital Market (The market where long term securities are traded)-
• Stock Market(Deals with equity trading)
• Bond Market(Deals with bond trading)
• Forex Market (The foreign exchange market is the market in which
participants are able to buy, sell, exchange and speculate on currencies)
• Derivatives Market (The derivative market is the financial market for
derivatives i.e. the financial instruments like future contracts or options
which are derived from other form of underlying assets like equity, currency
etc)
• Commodity Market (The market that trade in primary products like
agricultural products, gold, mines, oil)
5. Money Market
• Trades in financial assets with short-term maturities
• The maturity lies upto1year
• Regulator of money market in India – Reserve Bank of India
• The money market helps industries secure short-term loans to meet
their working capital requirement through the short-term finance
bills, commercial papers
• Helps in earning income along with liquidity maintenance
6. Instruments of Money
Market
1. Call Money- It is a method by which commercial banks borrow from
each other to maintain the cash reserve ratio fixed by RBI
• The interest rate paid on call money is termed as call rate, Recent
call rate is between 6.5-7%
• Inter-bank transaction to cover the shortage of fund
with a maturity of 1-2 days.
2. Treasury Bill – Issued by RBI on behalf of govt. to cover the deficit
balance or to control the money supply in market
• This is issued at discount and repayable at par value
• Negotiable and freely transferrable
• Issued in three types of T-bills (91-days, 182-days, 364-days)
• 6-7% return
7. • Commercial Paper- Unsecured promissory note
• Issued by corporates to generate fund
• Maturity period is upto 12 months
• Organizations can either directly issue or through the banks
• Mostly banks and financial institutions purchase these promissory
notes and provide funds
• Certificate of Deposits- Banks issues these certificates or
document of title to the depositors who deposits their money for
longer period of time, these are mostly the companies
• Normally issued in the multiples of 1 lakhs
• Maturity period is upto 12 months