The document discusses the significance of infrastructure in economic development, outlining the transition from government-led initiatives to public-private partnerships for project financing. It highlights the involvement of major corporations in funding infrastructure and the banking sector's response through corporate funding strategies. Key challenges faced by banks in infrastructure financing include long loan tenures, asset-liability mismatches, and difficulties in securing loans against intangible project assets.

1. DEVTECH FINANCE
CREDIT MANAGEMENT TUTORIAL
INFRASTRUCTURE
FINANCING

2. INTRODUCTION TO INFRASTRUCTURE
• Infrastructure refers to the physical structure and facilities needed for development
of an area and operation of economy & society.
• Major projects covered under definition of infrastructure are roads, bridges,
highways, port, railways, airport, sanitation, sewerage system, industrial park,
broadband network, telecommunication network and internet setup.
• In earlier days development of infrastructure was considered to be responsibility of
government and there was no role of private sector involvement.
• Due to drawbacks like limited capital, slow development and quality of service,
private companies were engaged in this sector.
• This led to existence of Public Private Partnership Model (PPP Model) which
involved contractual partnership between government and private sector companies
to operate infrastructure projects.
• Availability of adequate infrastructure facilities is a necessity for overall economic
development of a country.

3. INFRASTRUCTURE FINANCING
• With growing prominence of infrastructure in economic development, big corporates
like Tatas, Birlas and Ambanis invested capital in setting up of infrastructure
development companies.
• Compared to other sectors, the demand for bank loan from infrastructure projects
was huge and this came as an opportunity for banks to encash big projects.
• To provide huge loan requirements for these infra projects, banks started the
concept of corporate funding like consortium finance, loan syndication which
involved multiple banks coming together to advance the credit/ loan.
• As per RBI guidelines the amount of loan sanctioned should be within overall ceiling
of prudential exposure as prescribed for infrastructure financing.
• RBI also mentioned that the Banks/ FIs should have the requisite expertise for credit
evaluation of infra projects in terms of financial viability, technical feasibility, risk &
sensitivity analysis, due diligence.

4. KEY ISSUES FACED BY BANKS IN
INFRASTUCTURE FINANCING
• LONG TENOR OF THE LOAN – Most of the infrastructure loans provided by
the Banks are long term ranging between 7 to 15 years.
• ASSET LIABILITY MISMATCH – Most of the bank deposits are short term in
nature while loans given are long terms leading to mismatch.
• PROJECTION OF FUTURE CASH FLOWS – Loans are provided based on
cash flow projection of any infra project which leads to repayment dependency
on cash flow generation.
• SECURITY FOR INFRASTRUCTURE LOANS – Project assets are held as
security for loans but in cases of infra projects like roads, bridges and dams the
project asset are not to be treated as security for loan. Rights, licenses and
authorizations are treated as collateral but these are intangible assets.
• DELAY IN OPERATION OF PROJECT - Delay in implementation of the project
leads to reschedulement and restructuring of the loan by Bank.

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FINANCE