This document provides an overview of financial markets and institutions. It discusses the role and functions of financial markets in facilitating the transfer of funds from surplus units to deficit units. It also describes different types of financial markets, securities traded in these markets such as money market securities, bonds, stocks and derivatives. Finally, it examines the roles of various financial institutions like commercial banks, savings institutions, mutual funds, securities firms, insurance companies and pension funds in financial markets. It also discusses competition and consolidation trends in the financial industry.
Presentation on "Capital Market"
1.definition and characteristics
2.function and players
3.importance/role and types
4.factor and structure
5.reforms and development
Presentation on "Capital Market"
1.definition and characteristics
2.function and players
3.importance/role and types
4.factor and structure
5.reforms and development
Descriptions and explanation of all types of derivative instruments to trade with on the capital market.
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Need a quick overview of how financial markets work? This presentation is taken from my book: "Figuring Out Wall Street" and is one of several presentations prepared for seminars on stock markets, investing and financial planning. If you would like a copy, drop me an email at floyd@floydsaunders.com. We develop training for the financial services industry, contact us for details or a quote on your needs.
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noorulhadi Lecturer at Govt College of Management Sciences, noorulhadi99@yahoo.com
i have prepared these slides and still using in mylectures, Reference: Portfolio management by S kevin and online sources
Descriptions and explanation of all types of derivative instruments to trade with on the capital market.
http://www.koffeefinancial.com/Static/Learn.aspx
Need a quick overview of how financial markets work? This presentation is taken from my book: "Figuring Out Wall Street" and is one of several presentations prepared for seminars on stock markets, investing and financial planning. If you would like a copy, drop me an email at floyd@floydsaunders.com. We develop training for the financial services industry, contact us for details or a quote on your needs.
Financial markets and their impact on economyShivkumar Menon
Financial Markets - This deck captures the movement of Money markets and Capital Markets, its impact on different stakeholders viz. Individuals, businesses, markets and the economy
noorulhadi Lecturer at Govt College of Management Sciences, noorulhadi99@yahoo.com
i have prepared these slides and still using in mylectures, Reference: Portfolio management by S kevin and online sources
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2. Chapter Outline
2
We examine the role of the financial system in an
advanced economy. Topics include:
Function of Financial Market
Structure of Financial Market
Types of financial markets
Securities traded in financial markets
Global financial markets
3. Function of Financial Markets
3
A financial market is a market in which financial
assets (securities) can be purchased or sold
Financial markets facilitate transfers of funds
from person or business without investment
opportunities (i.e., “Lender-Savers”, or “Surplus
Unit”) to those who have them (i.e., “Borrower-
Spenders”, or “Deficit Unit”)
4. Segments of Financial Markets
4
Direct Financing
Funds are transferred directly from ultimate
savers to ultimate borrowers
Indirect Financing
A financial "intermediary" transforms financial
claims with one set of characteristics into
financial claims with other characteristics e.g.
deposits are used to make loans.
6. Function of Financial Intermediaries
6
Provide customers with liquidity service
Help to repackage the risk
Willing to create and sell assets with lesser
risk to one party in order to buy assets with
greater risk form another party
This process is referred to as asset
transformation
7. Types of Financial Markets
7
Financial markets can be distinguished by the
maturity structure and trading structure of its
securities
Money versus capital markets
The flow of short-term funds is facilitated by money
markets
The flow of long-term funds is facilitated by capital
markets
8. Types of Financial Markets
8
Primary versus secondary markets
Primary markets facilitate the issuance of new
securities
e.g., the sale of new corporate stock or new Treasury
securities
Secondary markets facilitate the trading of existing
securities
e.g., the sale of existing stock
Securities traded in secondary markets should be liquid
9. Types of Financial Markets (cont’d)
9
Organized (Exchange Traded) versus over-the-
counter (OTC) markets
A visible marketplace for secondary market
transactions is an organized exchange
Some transactions occur in the over-the-counter
(OTC) market (a telecommunications network)
Knowledge of financial markets is power
Decide which markets to use to achieve our
investment goals or financing needs
Decide which markets to use as part of your job
Avoid common mistakes in investing and borrowing
10. Securities Traded in Financial
Markets
10
Money market securities
Money market securities are debt securities
with a maturity of one year or less
Characteristics:
Liquid
Low expected return
Low degree of risk
11. Securities Traded in Financial
Markets (cont’d)
11
Capital market securities
Capital market securities are those with a
maturity of more than one year
Bonds and mortgages
Stocks
Capital market securities have a higher
expected return and more risk than money
market securities
12. Securities Traded in Financial
Markets (cont’d)
12
Bonds and mortgages
Bonds are long-term debt obligations issued
by corporations and government agencies
Mortgages are long-term debt obligations
created to finance the purchase of real estate
Bonds and mortgages specify the amount and
timing of interest and principal payments
13. Securities Traded in Financial
Markets (cont’d)
13
Stocks
Stocks (equity) are certificates representing
partial ownership in corporations
Investors may earn a return by receiving
dividends and capital gains
Stocks have a higher expected return and
higher risk than long-term debt securities
14. Securities Traded in Financial
Markets (cont’d)
14
Derivative securities
Derivative securities are financial contracts whose
values are derived from the values of underlying
assets
Speculating with derivatives allow investors to
benefit from increases or decreases in the underlying
asset
Risk management with derivatives generates gains if
the value of the underlying security declines
15. Role of Financial Institutions in
Financial Markets (cont’d)
15
Role of depository institutions
Depository institutions accept deposits from
surplus units and provide credit to deficit units
Depository institutions are popular because:
Deposits are liquid
They customize loans
They accept the risk of loans
They have expertise in evaluating creditworthiness
They diversify their loans
16. Role of Financial Institutions in
Financial Markets (cont’d)
16
Commercial banks
Are the most dominant depository institution
Offer a wide variety of deposit accounts
Transfer deposited funds by providing direct
loans or purchasing debt securities
Serve both the public and the private sector
17. Role of Financial Institutions in
Financial Markets (cont’d)
17
Savings institutions
Include savings and loan associations (S&Ls) and
savings banks
Are mostly owned by depositors (mutual)
Concentrate on residential mortgage loans
Credit unions
Are nonprofit organizations
Restrict their business to credit union members
Tend to be much smaller than other depository
institutions
18. Role of Financial Institutions in
Financial Markets (cont’d)
18
Role of nondepository financial institutions
Nondepository institutions generate funds
from sources other than deposits
Finance companies
Obtain funds by issuing securities
Lend funds to individuals and small businesses
19. Role of Financial Institutions in
Financial Markets (cont’d)
19
Mutual funds
Sell shares to surplus units
Use funds to purchase a portfolio of securities
Some focus on capital market securities (e.g.,
stocks or bonds)
Money market mutual funds concentrate on
money market securities
20. Role of Financial Institutions in
Financial Markets (cont’d)
20
Securities firms
Broker function
Execute securities transactions between two parties
Charge a fee in the form of a bid-ask spread
Investment banking function
Underwrite newly issued securities
Dealer function
Securities firms make a market in specific securities by
adjusting their inventory
21. Role of Financial Institutions in
Financial Markets (cont’d)
21
Insurance companies
Provide insurance policies to individuals and
firms for death(Life Insurance),
illness(Health Insurance), and damage(fire,
accident) to property, theft insurance,
transit insurance.
Charge premiums
Invest in stocks or bonds issued by
corporations
22. Role of Financial Institutions in
Financial Markets (cont’d)
22
Pension funds
Offered by most corporations and government
agencies
Manage funds until they are withdrawn from
the retirement account
Invest in stocks or bonds issued by
corporations or in bonds issued by the
government
23. Comparison of Roles among
Financial Institutions
Individual
Surplus Units
Mutual Funds Deficit Units
Depository
Institutions
Finance
Companies
Deposits
Purchase
Securities
Purchase Shares
Policyholders
Employers
Employees
Insurance
Companies
Pension Funds
Premiums
23
Employee
Contributions
24. Overview of Financial Institutions
24
Competition between financial institutions
Financial institutions should operate to
maximize the value of their owners
Present value of future cash flows
Depends on:
Growth and profitability
Degree of risk
25. Overview of Financial Institutions
(cont’d)
25
Consolidation of financial institutions
Reduction in regulations has resulted in more
opportunities to capitalize on:
Economies of scale
Economies of scope
Mergers have resulted in financial conglomerates
Consolidation may increase expected cash flows or
reduce risk, or both