Comprehensive presentation on intra arterial blood pressure with a good insight into the the basic physics and brief look into the risks and complications.
Comprehensive presentation on intra arterial blood pressure with a good insight into the the basic physics and brief look into the risks and complications.
Iv fluid therapy (types, indications, doses calculation)kholeif
All what you need to know intravenous fluids, types, indications, contraindications, how to calculate fluid rate and drug dosages.
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Effect of hydrocortisone on development of shock amongDr fakhir Raza
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June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
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Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
3. Normal Saline is not Normal?
• May induce or exacerbate:
– hyperchloremia and metabolic acidosis
– renal vasoconstriction and decreased glomerular
filtration rate (GFR)
– prolong time to first micturition
– decrease urine output in major surgery.
JAMA. 1970;214(9):1710
Crit Care Resusc. 2011;13(4):262-270
4. • 2 L of saline decreased cortical perfusion in
human study participants compared with
Plasma-Lyte
5. Do patients in ICU Chloride- Chloride-Liberal -Acute Kidney
Restrictive IV IV fluids Injury
fluids -ICU and hospital
survival
6.
7.
8.
9. Method
• A prospective, open-label, before-and-after
pilot study in the 22-bed ICU.
• The Austin Hospital, a tertiary care hospital
affiliated with the University of Melbourne.
• Control period: February 18 to August
17, 2008
• Intervention period: February 18 to August
17, 2009.
10. Method
• Control period: IV fluids were given according
to clinician preferences with free use of
Chloride-rich fluids.
– 0.9% saline (chloride concentration: 150 mmol/L)
(Baxter Pty Ltd)
– 4% succinylated gelatin solution (chloride
concentration: 120 mmol/L) (Gelofusine, BBraun)
– 4% albumin in sodium chloride (chloride
concentration: 128 mmol/L) (4% Albumex, CSL
Bioplasma).
11. Method
• Following a 6-month phase-out period that
included education and preparation of all ICU
staff and logistic arrangements for fluid
accountability and delivery.
• No additional training was provided to nursing
or medical staff.
12. Method
• The intervention period: Chloride-Restrictive
IV fluids
– lactated crystalloid solution (chloride
concentration: 109 mmol/L) (Hartmann
solution, Baxter Pty Ltd)
– A balanced buffered solution (chloride
concentration: 98 mmol/L) (Plasma-Lyte
148, Baxter Pty)
– A 20% albumin solution (chloride concentration:
19 mmol/L) (20% Albumex, CSL Bioplasma).
13.
14.
15. Method
• The intervention period:
– Chloride-rich fluids available only after
prescription by the attending for specific
conditions (eg, hyponatremia, traumatic brain
injury, and cerebral edema).
– Similar fluid changes were instituted in the ED but
not in the OR or general wards.
16. Method
• Collected data on
– Age, sex, APACHE II and III scores, SAPS II, and multiple
clinical characteristics.
– pre-ICU admission serum Cr levels and daily Cr during
ICU admission.
– RRT, excluding pts with preexisting ESRD on long-term
dialysis and RRT for drug toxicity.
– In RRT-treated survivors of ICU stay, data on dialysis
status at 3 mths after discharge were obtained.
– RRT was initiated according to the criteria of the
Randomised Evaluation of Normal vs Augmented
Level (RENAL) Replacement Therapy in ICU Trial.
17.
18. Method
• Primary outcomes:
– increase in Cr from baseline to peak ICU level and
incidence of AKI according to the
risk, injury, failure, loss, end-stage (RIFLE) system
definitions.
• Secondary post hoc analysis outcomes:
– the need for RRT
– length of stay in ICU and hospital
– survival.
19. RIFLE criteria
• The RIFLE criteria was put forward by the Acute Dialysis
Quality Initiative (ADQI) in 2005.
20. The AKIN "Acute Kidney Injury Network" criteria were published in 2007
after a meeting in the Netherlands comprised of multiple experts on AKI.
21. Method
• Baseline Cr: the lowest Cr available in the 1-
month period prior to ICU admission.
• If not available, Cr was estimated using the
MDRD equation (assuming a lower limit of
normal baseline GFR of 75 mL/min).
22.
23. Statistical Analysis
• All statistical analysis was performed using Stata
version 11 (StataCorp) and SAS version 9.2 (SAS
Institute).
• Baseline comparisons were performed using χ2 tests
for equal proportion.
• Continuously normally distributed variables were
compared using t tests.
• Non–normally distributed data were compared using
Wilcoxon rank sum tests.
• The increase in Cr from ICU admission to peak level
was analyzed using generalized linear modeling.
24. Statistical Analysis
• AKI and the need for RRT were analyzed using
logistic regression.
• Time-to-event analysis was performed using
Cox proportional hazard modeling with
results reported as HRs with 95% CIs and
presented as Kaplan-Meier curves.
• Comparisons between survival curves were
performed using log-rank tests.
25. Statistical Analysis
• Multivariable sensitivity analysis was
performed on all outcomes, adjusting for
covariates of sex, APACHE III
score, diagnosis, operative status, admission
type (elective or emergency) and baseline Cr.
26. Statistical Analysis
• Subgroup analyses according to time in
ICU, APACHE score, risk of death, presence of
sepsis, and cardiac surgery.
• Assessed all outcome variables after excluding
pts in whom baseline Cr was not known.
• To reduce the chance of a type I error due to
reporting multiple outcomes, a 2-sided P
value of .01 was used to indicate statistical
significance.
29. Results
• Patients received less chloride: 694–>496
mmol/patient.
• Average Cr rose by 0.25 mg/dL per pt in
control period — but only by 0.17 mg/dL in
the intervention period during ICU stay before
adjustment (22.6 vs. 14.8 μmol/l; P=0.03;
adjusted P=0.07).
30.
31. Results
• 10% of pts needed RRT during control v.s.
6.3% during intervention period (p = .005).
• After adjustment for covariates, this
association remained for incidence of injury
and failure class of RIFLE-defined AKI (OR, 0.52
[95% CI, 0.35-0.75]; p<.001) and use of RRT
(OR, 0.52 [95% CI, 0.33-0.81]; p = .004).
32.
33.
34. Results
• No differences in mortality, hospital or ICU
length of stay or need for long-term dialysis
requirements .
35. Conclusion
• The implementation of a chloride-restrictive
strategy in a tertiary ICU was associated with a
significant decrease in the incidence of AKI
and use of RRT.
36. Strengths and Limitations
• This study raises very important questions on
the safety of chloride-rich solutions and might
lead to important changes in our fluid
resuscitation strategies.
• One Center
• Not randomized/Not Blind
• The intervention was of bundle-of-care kind
(Hawthorne effect)
• Heterogeneity of IV fluids
37. Strengths and Limitations
• Is IV fluid with bicarb(?cost) better than
Saline?
• Cost?
• Future prospective trials have to confirm the
findings.