The document discusses lighting techniques used in film and photography. It defines key lighting and fill lighting as the primary light sources, with key light providing the brightest illumination and fill light softening shadows. It also defines hard lighting as creating defined shadows versus soft lighting creating diffuse illumination. High-key lighting uses fill light and backlight to create low contrast, while low-key or chiaroscuro lighting creates high contrasts between light and dark areas, often used for mysterious or threatening scenes. The document provides descriptors for different skill levels in understanding how lighting constructs representation.

2. To be able to understand how lighting can create meaning.
Level Grade Descriptor
2 D/E To be able to identify lighting and describe its effect.
3 B/C To be able to analyse lighting and explain its effect.
4 A To be able to evaluate lighting and justify its effect.
Level Grade Descriptor
2 D/E Basic understanding of the way that mise-en-scène is
used to construct representation.
3 B/C Proficient understanding of the way that mise-en-scène is
used to construct representation.
4 A Excellent understanding of the way that mise-en-scène is
used to construct representation.

3. Lighting shapes objects by creating highlights and shadows.
A highlight is a patch of relative brightness on a surface.
Shadows can either be shading or cast.
Cast shadows
Highlight
Shading
Lighting
unifies the
gang &
highlights
emphasise
the
protagonist
Suggests an
entire prison
cell
To be able to identify lighting and describe its effect (level 2)
To be able to analyse lighting and explain its effect (level 3)
To be able to evaluate lighting and justify its effect (level 4)

4. To be able to identify lighting and describe its effect (level 2)
To be able to analyse lighting and explain its effect (level 3)
To be able to evaluate lighting and justify its effect (level 4)

5. ...refers to the relative intensity of the illumination. Hard lighting creates clearly
defined shadows, crisp textures, and sharp edges, whereas soft lighting creates a
diffused illumination. In nature, the noonday sun creates hard light, while an
overcast sky creates soft light. The terms are relative, and many lighting situations
will fall between the extremes, but we can usually recognize the differences.
To be able to identify lighting and describe its effect (level 2)
To be able to analyse lighting and explain its effect (level 3)
To be able to evaluate lighting and justify its effect (level 4)

6. ...refers to the path of light from its source or sources to the object lit. For
convenience we can distinguish among frontal lighting, sidelighting, backlighting,
underlighting, and top lighting.
What are the sources of lighting in the above frames?
To be able to identify lighting and describe its effect (level 2)
To be able to analyse lighting and explain its effect (level 3)
To be able to evaluate lighting and justify its effect (level 4)

7. What are the sources of lighting in the above frames?
To be able to identify lighting and describe its effect (level 2)
To be able to analyse lighting and explain its effect (level 3)
To be able to evaluate lighting and justify its effect (level 4)

8. What are the sources of lighting in the above frames?
To be able to identify lighting and describe its effect (level 2)
To be able to analyse lighting and explain its effect (level 3)
To be able to evaluate lighting and justify its effect (level 4)

9. Directors and cinematographers manipulating the lighting of the scene typically
decide on two primary sources: a key light and a fill light.
The key light is the primary source, providing the brightest illumination and casting
the strongest shadows. The key light is the most directional light, and it is usually
suggested by a light source in the setting.
A fill is a less intense illumination that “fills in,” softening or eliminating shadows
cast by the key light.
To be able to identify lighting and describe its effect (level 2)
To be able to analyse lighting and explain its effect (level 3)
To be able to evaluate lighting and justify its effect (level 4)

10. To be able to identify lighting and describe its effect (level 2)
To be able to analyse lighting and explain its effect (level 3)
To be able to evaluate lighting and justify its effect (level 4)

11. ...refers to an overall lighting design that uses fill light and backlight to create
relatively low contrast between brighter and darker areas. Usually, the light quality
is soft, making shadow areas fairly transparent. The frames from Jezebel and
Amélie exemplify high-key lighting. Hollywood directors and cinematographers
have chosen this pattern for comedies and most dramas.
To be able to identify lighting and describe its effect (level 2)
To be able to analyse lighting and explain its effect (level 3)
To be able to evaluate lighting and justify its effect (level 4)

12. Chiaroscuro
Was developed by the Italian painter Caravaggio and concerns areas of high
contrast light and dark.
...refers to lighting with high contrasts, creating extremely dark and light
regions within the image.
Low-key lighting is often applied to sombre, threatening, or mysterious
scenes. It was common in horror films of the 1930s and films noirs of the
1940s and 1950s.
To be able to identify lighting and describe its effect (level 2)
To be able to analyse lighting and explain its effect (level 3)
To be able to evaluate lighting and justify its effect (level 4)

13. To be able to identify lighting and describe its effect (level 2)
To be able to analyse lighting and explain its effect (level 3)
To be able to evaluate lighting and justify its effect (level 4)
Good videos to watch for tips on lighting on a budget…