This document discusses classical Hollywood cinema and how it compares to alternative cinema of the same time period. It defines key elements of classical cinema like the 3 act structure, editing for continuity, and representation of time and space. It provides examples of classical films like Casablanca and notes how Psycho diverged as an "alternative cinema" by killing its lead character. In conclusion, it argues that classical storytelling serves as a base for modern films and will continue to influence cinema going forward.
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At the Crossroadsof Business and ArtOBJECTIVESAfter petuniahita
At the Crossroads
of Business and Art
OBJECTIVES
After reading this chapter, you should
be able to:
n identify the Hollywood majors
a describe how a film's box office success is
measured
explain why box office gross is a misleading
indicator of a film's economic performance
n identify the ancillary markets and explain
their significance
describe the box office performance of U.S.
films in world markets
n explain how the U.S. film industry facilitates
the marketing of its product
u describe three key forms of Hollywood's
stylistic influence on world cinema
u explain how contemporary filmmaking
operates within an integrated market
define blockbuster production
u define product tie-ins and product
placement
describe the international marketing of
Jurassic Park
n explain how Hollywood
absorbs and
transforms foreign film style
363
364 CHAPTER 10 At the Crossroads
of Business and Art
Previous chapters have
examined the
aesthetics of cinema
in terms of
the medium's expres-
sive, structural elements.
These include
light, color,
sound, editing,
and so forth. It would
be
naive, though, to claim
that cinema's
expressive components
exist in a pure state or that film-
makers can work with
complete freedom
to pursue their
visions. The aesthetics of
cinema are
bound up with
technological, social and
economic factors,
and an introductory
understand-
ing of movies and meaning
would be incomplete
if it focused only
on cinema aesthetics in
isolation from these
other factors.
The art of cinema
resides at a crossroads,
where technology,
industry, and society inter-
sect. Movies are a business
as well as an art,
and cinema is a global
phenomenon.
This chapter examines
the business of film
art, the economic
context in which filmmakers
work and that shapes the
medium's artistic
possibilities. The inscription
on the famous MGM
studio logo was "ars gratia
artis" or "Art for art's
sake." But few studios or funding agencies
underwrite a production solely
for the sake of art.
Cinema aesthetics resides at the crossroads,
where technology meets
industry in a social context.
FROM LARGE SCREENS TO SMALL
A convenient way to illustrate the
relationship of technology, business, and aesthetics
is to consider changes in the size of cinema's
image and in how and where viewers en-
counter the medium. For more than a
century, the experience of cinema was a theatri-
cal experience. Moviegoers left their homes
and viewed large-screen images projected
ori celluloid film in theaters dedicated to that
purpose.
The Hollywood studio system from the 1920s into
the1950s was star-driven, and
the special iconic power of a film star lay substantially
in the pleasure viewers derived
from seeing stars projected to giant proportions on a large theater screen. It was their
on-screen charisma that distinguished movie stars, charisma that the large screen
magnified rather than diminishe ...
At the Crossroadsof Business and ArtOBJECTIVESAfter .docxjasoninnes20
At the Crossroads
of Business and Art
OBJECTIVES
After reading this chapter, you should
be able to:
n identify the Hollywood majors
a describe how a film's box office success is
measured
explain why box office gross is a misleading
indicator of a film's economic performance
n identify the ancillary markets and explain
their significance
describe the box office performance of U.S.
films in world markets
n explain how the U.S. film industry facilitates
the marketing of its product
u describe three key forms of Hollywood's
stylistic influence on world cinema
u explain how contemporary filmmaking
operates within an integrated market
define blockbuster production
u define product tie-ins and product
placement
describe the international marketing of
Jurassic Park
n explain how Hollywood
absorbs and
transforms foreign film style
363
364 CHAPTER 10 At the Crossroads
of Business and Art
Previous chapters have
examined the
aesthetics of cinema
in terms of
the medium's expres-
sive, structural elements.
These include
light, color,
sound, editing,
and so forth. It would
be
naive, though, to claim
that cinema's
expressive components
exist in a pure state or that film-
makers can work with
complete freedom
to pursue their
visions. The aesthetics of
cinema are
bound up with
technological, social and
economic factors,
and an introductory
understand-
ing of movies and meaning
would be incomplete
if it focused only
on cinema aesthetics in
isolation from these
other factors.
The art of cinema
resides at a crossroads,
where technology,
industry, and society inter-
sect. Movies are a business
as well as an art,
and cinema is a global
phenomenon.
This chapter examines
the business of film
art, the economic
context in which filmmakers
work and that shapes the
medium's artistic
possibilities. The inscription
on the famous MGM
studio logo was "ars gratia
artis" or "Art for art's
sake." But few studios or funding agencies
underwrite a production solely
for the sake of art.
Cinema aesthetics resides at the crossroads,
where technology meets
industry in a social context.
FROM LARGE SCREENS TO SMALL
A convenient way to illustrate the
relationship of technology, business, and aesthetics
is to consider changes in the size of cinema's
image and in how and where viewers en-
counter the medium. For more than a
century, the experience of cinema was a theatri-
cal experience. Moviegoers left their homes
and viewed large-screen images projected
ori celluloid film in theaters dedicated to that
purpose.
The Hollywood studio system from the 1920s into
the1950s was star-driven, and
the special iconic power of a film star lay substantially
in the pleasure viewers derived
from seeing stars projected to giant proportions on a large theater screen. It was their
on-screen charisma that distinguished movie stars, charisma that the large screen
magnified rather than diminishe ...
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
2. Table Of Content
Introduction…………………………………………………………………….…….i
What is classical Hollywood cinema…………………………………………………ii
The 3 Act Structure………………………………………….……………..………...iii
3 Systems of narrative films…………………………...............……………..……..iv
Editing, Space and Time…………………………………………..………………….v
Mise en scène………………………………………………….…..………..…….….vi
Film Ending………………………………………………...……………..…………vii
List of movies to refer……………………………..………………………..............viii
Does Classical Hollywood style still exists?.............................................................ix
How Classical cinema differed from alternative cinema?..........................................x
3. Introduction
Topic: The Duel side of the classical period
Does classical Hollywood style still
exists?
About the presentation:
A brief discussion about the
classical Hollywood cinema and how
they differed from the alternative
cinema during that period of time.
4. Narrative is bound to human from the
prehistoric times till the present date.
5. Classical Narrative of Hollywood
“A chain of events in a cause-effect relationship occurring in time and space” by
Bordwell and Thompson, Film art.
The term classical Hollywood cinema was coined by David Bordwell, Janet Staiger
and Kristin Thompson.
Over 40 yrs from 1917 to 1960s there were distinctive collection of movies which
had the similar way of story telling which was called the Classical Hollywood
cinema. The film style have a set of unwritten rules which was widely accepted by
the film makers
7. The 3 Act Structure
Routine life (Introduction of the Problem)
Problem solving (The character logically works through the problem creating a
story)
Problem Resolved (end of the problem where the life comes back to normal)
8. 3 Systems of narrative films
Narrative logic
Representation of time
Representation of space
(BGM and Editing applies for all the three above)
(Lighting and camera movements play an important
role in classical Hollywood movies.)
9. Film Style
The classical Hollywood style falls directly
in between Realism and Formalism.
Although the film is shot in a controlled
environment by the directors orders the
environment has to look realistic and
believable to the viewers
10. Editing
Editing plays a major role in films
because they are important to make
the film move forward.
In classical period the Type of editing
which was mostly preferred was
continuity editing.
The important goal of this type of
editing is to make the cuts invisible.
11. Space and Time
The time and space are unified and liner to match the perception of reality in
the films
For example: They prefer to take a 18o° shot to move around the characters
than using jump cuts.
12. Mise en scène
The term was originated in theaters which means Staging a scene in a
aesthetical arrangement of actors, set, lightings, props that the audience sees in
a particular frame.
The Mise en scène is designed by production designer in collaboration with the
Director of the film he is working in.
Each element in the Mise en scène adds to the films mood to the Audience.
13. Film Endings
There are 3 types of Film Endings
Cultural (example: The Guy wins his love)
Counter Cultural (example: The lovers are separated)
Soft Spot ( example: The death of the lead character)
14. List of Classical Hollywood movies to refer
All About Eve (1950) Director: Joseph L. Mankiewicz
Casablanca (1942) Director: Michael Curtiz
Sunset Blvd. (1950) Director: Billy Wilder
A Streetcar Named Desire (1951) Director: Elia Kazan
Gilda (1946) Director: Charles Vidor
Rebecca (1940) Director: Alfred Hitchcock
From Here to Eternity (1953) Director: Fred Zinnemann
The Apartment (1960) Director: Billy Wilder
Some Like It Hot (1959) Director: Billy Wilder
Citizen Kane (1941) Director: Orson Welles
16. One thing that never changed
Classical Hollywood style still exists?
Despite all the historic changes we find a local variants in the
contemporary film style we are still dealing with a version of classical film making.
Eg: Avatar and many animated movies…….
17. How Classical cinema differed from alternative
cinema?
The directors were bound to follow the Classical Hollywood style during
that period of time were there was few movies that called themselves
alternative cinema. One of them is “Psycho” by Alfred Hitchcock.
Psycho can fall under the category “alternative cinema” which was
coined by Laura Mulvey for the films that divert from the typical
progression of a classical Hollywood film or what may be “pleasurable”
to the audience.
18. Comparing classical Hollywood cinema with Alternative cinema
Here I want to compare the classical Hollywood cinema in the movie
“Casablanca” And Alternative cinema of the same period “Psycho”.
In “Casablanca”: a problem arises and the lead characters try to resolve
and the life returns to normal
Whereas in “Psycho”: The lead
character who is a girl is killed
and the story investigates about
her murder.
19. Psycho Is considered as the Father of horror films. Which broke the
classical Hollywood Style during 1960. The movie hit a great block
buster and its still used a reference for horror genre.
The classical Hollywood period evolved from black and white to colour
during this period but Psycho was still a black and white film.
What do you think the reason for the films success?
Visual Pleasure and unexpected twists.
20. Summary
Classical Hollywood style is so predictable
In the development of the plot and the story every scene is motivated
The classical movie answers all the questions in the story by the course
of the movie so by the end of a classical narrated cinema the audience
does not leave home with a startled feeling like most of the
contemporary films gives us today.
21. Conclusion
The classical style is more like a formula of film making.
It does not matter who the director is or the actor or the screen play writer
is, but the mainstream movies have a similar layout.
The classical Hollywood style serves as a base for the contemporary films.
It is been used unconsciously since the birth of cinema and we be in
existence far into the future.
22. Bibliography
Book: The classical Hollywood cinema
Author: David Brodwell, Janet Staiger, Kristin thompson
Book: Film and the Narrative Tradition
Author: John L.Fell
Book: The way Hollywood tells it
author: David Bordwell
Sites:
www.sparknotes.com/film/casablanca/section1.rhtml
http://filmanalysisrobinson.wordpress.com/2013/03/15/psychos-nonconformity-to-classical-hollywood-films/
http://pages.uoregon.edu/jlesage/Juliafolder/CLASSICALNARRATION.HTML