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Examination of Swelling in a patient is always a task for MBBS students. This PPT provides the students, how to elicit a history & also the easy way to examine a swelling.
Medical college of wasit
Department of medicine
Case sheet history
Thing to remember :-
1) Stand on the right side of the patient with good confidence .
2) Introduce yourself as a medical student not as a doctor . ( you may face difficult question ).
3) Talk the patient gently with clear comprehensible words .
4) Remember don’t hurt the patient in your speak & touch .
Fibrous Dysplasia and McCune-Albright Syndromecurefdmas
Outline a thought process that can be employed by governing,
academic and commercial institutes in setting policy and
research guidelines towards finding cure for rare diseases. @curefdmas @nih @RareDiseases #nord #raredisease #fdmas
Examination of Swelling in a patient is always a task for MBBS students. This PPT provides the students, how to elicit a history & also the easy way to examine a swelling.
Medical college of wasit
Department of medicine
Case sheet history
Thing to remember :-
1) Stand on the right side of the patient with good confidence .
2) Introduce yourself as a medical student not as a doctor . ( you may face difficult question ).
3) Talk the patient gently with clear comprehensible words .
4) Remember don’t hurt the patient in your speak & touch .
Fibrous Dysplasia and McCune-Albright Syndromecurefdmas
Outline a thought process that can be employed by governing,
academic and commercial institutes in setting policy and
research guidelines towards finding cure for rare diseases. @curefdmas @nih @RareDiseases #nord #raredisease #fdmas
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
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Long case examination done during MBBS and MD examination. Neurology case is mostly the long case. History, general examination , systemic examination, provisional diagnosis, investigation and final diagnosis are the sequential steps. Neurology examinations includes higher mental function, cranial nerve examination, motor and sensory system examination, cerebellar signs, gait, peripheral nerves, spine and skull and peripheral nerve examination.
Hemiparesis is a condition characterized by weakness or paralysis on one side of the body, typically resulting from damage to the brain or spinal cord. In a case presentation, it is essential to provide a comprehensive overview of the patient's history, including any relevant medical conditions or events such as stroke, traumatic brain injury, or tumor. Additionally, outlining the physical examination findings, such as decreased strength, altered reflexes, and possible sensory deficits on the affected side, aids in diagnosing and assessing the severity of hemiparesis. Diagnostic tests like brain imaging studies (CT or MRI) and electrophysiological evaluations may also be included to confirm the underlying cause and guide treatment strategies, which often involve a multidisciplinary approach focusing on rehabilitation, medication, and supportive care to improve functionality and quality of life for the patient.
“A 22 years old male presented with obstructive jaundice.”Sufindc
clinical
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BEDSORE (SOFT TISSUE CHRONIC WOUND) HEALING- By
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micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
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Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
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2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
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Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
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NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...Oleg Kshivets
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
SURGICAL ANATOMY OF THE RETROPERITONEUM, ADRENALS, KIDNEYS AND URETERS.pptx
FIBROUS-DYSPLASIA-CASE-PRESENTATION-At-Shaheed-Suhrawardy-Medical-College-Hospital-Dhaka-Bangladesh (1).pptx is queued for conversion. Meanwhile you can add details and save.
1. A case Report
By-
Dr. Md Nazrul
Islam
MBBS, M.sc. (Bio-medical
Engineering).
2. Particulars of the
patient
• Name: Rabiul Islam
• Age: 20 years
• Gender: Male
• Address: Fulbaria, Bogra
• Occupation: Labour
• Marital status: Married
• Religion: Muslim
• Date of admission:17.09.09
• Date of examination:17.09.09
3. Chief complaints
Pain & deformity at the right upper thigh for 7
months following a trauma.
Gradual shortening of the right lower limb with
difficulty in walking for 6 months.
4. History of present
illness
According to the statement of the patient, he was
reasonably well 7 months back, then suddenly he felt
down on the ground by accidental trauma.
He could walk following trauma without support, after
which he noticed mild, fixed aching pain in the right
upper thigh which was not associated with
fever, non-radiating & aggravated during walking &
incompletely relived by taking some pain killers.
5. History of present
illness…cont
He also noticed a deformity in supero-lateral aspect of
right thigh which was gradually increasing in
size, associated with bending of the affected part &
shortening of the lower limb. For which his walking
became difficult & was possible only with a
support, for the last 6 months.
6. History of present
illness…cont
He has neither complain of pain & deformity in the
other parts of the body nor H/O weight loss or
loss of appetite .
With these complaints he got admitted at
ShaheedSuhrawardy Medical college Hospital
for better management.
7. History of past illness
He had no history of tuberculosis.
He is non Diabetic
8. Family history
None of his family member suffered
from such illness.
Personal history
He is not smoker
9. Socio-economic
Lower middle class family
Immunization history
Immunized against tuberculosis
& tetanus
Drug history
H/O taking NSAIDs to relieve pain
10. General examination
Appearance: Ill looking
Body built: Average
Co-operation: Co-operrative
Decubitus: On choice
Anaemia: Absent
Jaundice: Absent
Cyanosis: Absent
Oedema : Absent
Temperature: normal
11. General examination…..cont.
Pulse: 76 bts/min
Blood pressure: 110/70 mm of Hg
Respiratory rate: 16 /min
Dehydration: No sign
Koilonychia: Absent
Leukonychia: Absent
Clubbing: Absent
Neck vein: Not engorged
JVP: Not raised
Lymph nodes: Not palpable
Thyroid gland: Not palpable
Skin pigmentation: Absent
12. Local examination: (Right Upper
thigh)
Look:
An ill defined deformity occupying at the
supero-lateral aspect of the upper right thigh
with convexity antero-laterally.
Skin over the deformed area is normal
Varus deformity of hip with shortening of the
lower limb.
Unable to walk without support.
Wasting of the thigh, &gluteal muscles
No engorged vein.
13. Local examination: (Right Upper thigh)
Feel:
There is an irregular, expanded bony deformity
with convexity antero-laterally extending from
the hip to subtrochanteric area. local
temperature normal, mild tenderness
present, over lying skin is free.
Shortening of limb - 9 cm.
Muscle wasting-
Gluteal - 4 cm.
Thigh – 4 cm.
Leg – 3 cm
Distal neurovascular status normal
Regional lymph nodes not enlarged.
14. Local examination: (Right Upper thigh)
Movement:
walk with support.
Trendelen Burg’s test positive
Right Hip (ROM)–
Flexion 0-1000 [normal 0-1200]
Extension 0-50 [normal 0-200]
Abduction 0-50 [normal 0-400]
Adduction 0-150 [normal 0-250]
Internal rotation at 900 flexion 0-200[0-450]
External rotation at 900 flexion 0-100 [0-450]
Internal rotation in extension – 0-200 [0-350]
External rotation in extension – 0-150 [0-450]
Rt. Knee & ankle: normal range of movement
16. Nervous system examination
Higher psychic function: Normal
Cranial nerve examination: Normal
Motor function:
Inspection: Gross Muscle wasting in right
hip, thigh & leg
17. Nervous system
examination…cont
Palpation:
Bulk of muscle: Wasting Hip-4cm. thigh:
4cm, Leg 3cm
Tone of muscle:muscle tone is normal
19. Nervous system
examination…cont.
Deep tendon reflex:
All jerks are present & normal
Sensory function test:
All the sensory functions are normal
20. Alimentary system
examination
Inspection: nothing abnormality detected
Palpation: soft, non tender
Percussion: tympanic
Auscultation: bowel sound present
Per-rectal examination: normal findings
21. Respiratory system
examination
Inspection: Normal in size & shape of the chest
Respiratory rate: 16 /min
Palpation: Trachea centrally placed, normal
chest expansibility
Percussion: Resonant
Auscultation: Bronchial breathing sound
with no added sound
22. Cardiovascular system examination
Pulse: 76 bts/ min
B.P. 110 mm of Hg
JVP: Not raised
Inspection: NAD
Palpation: Apex beat in Lt 5thintercostal space, NAD
Percussion: superficial cardiac dullness present over
the precordium
Auscultation: s1& s2 is audible
Geneto - Urinary system examination
Reveals no abnormality
23. Salient feature
Mr. Rabiul Islam, a 20 years old man, coming
from Fulbaria, Bagura admitted in
ShaheedSuhrawardy Medical College Hospital
with the complaints of pain & deformity at the rt.
Upper thigh following a mild accidental trauma 7
months back & gradual shortening of rt. Lower
limb with difficulty in walking for 6 months.
24. Salient feature….cont.
The pain was mild , fixed, non radiating, aching in
nature which was not associated with
fever, aggravated during walking & incompletely
relived by taking NSAIDs.
He also noticed a bending deformity in supero-
lateral aspect of right thigh which was gradually
increasing in size causing shortening of the
affected limb
25. Salient feature….cont.
Other parts of the body were normal with no history
of weight loss or anorexia. none of his family
member suffered from such illness.
On general examination, the patient is ill-
looking, not anaemic, non
icteric, normothermic, normotensive& skin
pigmentation is absent.
26. Salient feature….cont.
On local examination, an ill defined, mildly painful
bowing deformity was seen occupying at the supero-
lateral aspect of the right thigh with convexity antero-
laterally extending from the hip to subtrochanteric
area with CoxaVara. Overlying skin & local
temperature was normal.
27. Salient feature….cont.
Shortening of the limb was found 9 cm than the left. He
was unable to walk without support.
There was gross muscle wasting in rt. Lower
limb, measuring gluteal- 4 cm, thigh- 4cm, leg- 3
cm. with loss of muscle power at hip & knee. Muscle
tone was normal.
28. Salient feature….cont.
Distal neurovascular status was normal & Regional
lymph nodes were not enlarged. Trendelen
Burg’s test was positive with reduced Range of
movement (ROM) in hip in all direction. ROM of
knee & ankle was normal. The spine was
normal. Other systemic examination reveals no
abnormality.
31. Investigations
1. X-Ray right thigh with hip A/P & lateral view:
Shows Shephard’s crook deformity (neck-shaft angle:
900) with multiple osteolytic lesions involving part
of the neck, trochanteric&subtrochanteric
area, with thinning of cortical bone & lucent
patches typically hazy, looks like ground-glass
appearance with pathological fracture at the
subtrochanteric region.
33. Investigations
Blood for
TC of WBC 9,000 / cu mm
DC of WBC
N 56% B 0%
L 26% M 5%
E 4%
ESR 15 mm in 1st hr
Hb% 12 gm / dl
Urine RME Normal study
CXR-P/A view Normal Chest skiagram
MT Not significant
RBS 76 mgm / dl
34. Investigations
S. creatinine 0.9 mgm/ dl
Blood urea 30 mgm / dl
S. calcium 9 mgm / dl
S. alkaline phosphates 110 IU/ L
FNAC No malignant cell
found, only cellular fibrous tissue
present.
35. Confirmatory diagnosis
“Monostotic fibrous dysplasia
with Shephard’s Crook
deformity in upper end of right
femur with pathological
fracture”
36. Treatment
This patient was under gone for surgical
treatment on 17-10-09
Procedure:
Through lateral approach upper end of the femur was
exposed
Outer part of the proximal femur was so thin that it
needs little effort to curate the cystic areas carefully.
37. Treatment….cont.
Procedure…cont.:
After curettage valgus wedge osteotomy was
done at subtrochanteric region to correct
deformity, massive irradiated allograft with
fibular auto graft was applied to enhance
healing & incorporation of the cystic bony
lesion & fragments were fixed with proximal
femoral interlocking nail (PFN).
38. Treatment….cont.
Procedure…cont.:
Wound was closed in layers by keeping a drain
inside, which was removed after 48 hrs.
Abduction bar was applied
Specimen was sent for histopathology.
40. Post operative management
&follow up
Stitches were removed after 10th POD
Only isometric quadriceps exercise advised.
He was advised to take calcium&Bisphosphonates
preparation regularly.
After removal of the abduction bar at 2 months
clinically
&radiologically bone was stable & uniting satisfactorily .
Knee bending & quadriceps exercise advised.
He was advised to use crutch for non weight bearing
up to 3 months.
After 3 months partial weight bearing started with 2
cm shoe raised along with other exercise.
42. Last follow up (4 ½ months
after surgery)
• Clinical
• Pain & Deformity markedly reduced
• Can walk with single crutch
• Muscle power & wasting improving
• Now LLD - only 2 cm
• Radiological
• Deformity is almost corrected
• Now neck-shaft angle: 1350
• well incorporation of the grafted bone.
• Union process is satisfactory at the
osteotomy site.