1. Fat embolism syndrome is a serious condition caused by fat emboli obstructing blood vessels, most commonly after long bone or pelvic fractures. It typically manifests 1-3 days after injury. 2. Patients present with a classic triad of hypoxemia, neurological abnormalities, and petechial rash. The most severe cases can involve respiratory distress, restlessness, and coma. 3. Diagnosis requires signs from both major criteria like hypoxemia and petechiae, as well as four minor criteria. Treatment focuses on supportive care like oxygenation, ventilation, hemodynamics, and early stabilization of fractures to prevent further emboli.

1. 1FAT EMBOLISM SYNDROME(FES)

2. INTRODUCTIONFat embolism – obstruction by fat embolus, occurring especially after fractures of large bones.

3. Fat embolism syndrome - a serious manifestation of respiratory, dermatological and neurological symptoms.

4. Most commonly is associated with long bone and pelvic fractures.

5. long bone fractures (1-20 %)

6. More frequent in closed, rather than open fractures.

7. Typically manifests 24 to 72 hours after the initial insult.2

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9. 4PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

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11. Present with a classic triad: hypoxemia; neurologic abnormalities; and a petechial rashSymptoms: High temperatureTachycardiaShortness of breathRestlessnessMild confusionWorst cases:Marked respiratory distressRestlessnessComaDeath6CLINICAL FEATURES

12. SignsPetechiae : on the head, neck, anterior thorax, subconjunctiva, and axillae.Result from the occlusion of dermal capillaries by fat globules, leading to extravasation of erythrocytes.Hypoxaemia (<8kPa/60 mmHg) is suspicious7

13. 8DIAGNOSISDiagnosis of FES requires at least 1 sign from major criteria and at least 4 signs from the minor criteria

14. 9SCHONFELD’S SCORING