Fertilizer calculation (1) Agriculture
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Fertilizers The term fertilizer refers to commercially manufactured inorganic materials either dry or liquid, which are added to the soil to supply essential plant nutrients. There are different types of fertilizers available. 1. Nitrogenous 2. Phosphatic 3. Potassic 4. Complex and 5. Mixed fertilizers. Simple Fertilizers or Straight Fertilizers Fertilizers containing only one plant nutrient is called as nitrogenous fertilizers – contain ‘N’ alone (eg) urea. Phosphatic fertilizers – contain phosphorus alone (eg) super phosphate. Potassic fertilizers – contain potassium alone (eg) Muriate of potash. Complex Fertilizers Fertilizers are containing two or more primary nutrients (N, P &K). Eg. Di-ammonium phosphate contains N and P nutrient Incomplete Complex Fertilizers Fertilizers containing only two of the primary nutrients are called incomplete complex fertilizers. Mixed Fertilizers Individual straight fertilizer materials are mechanically mixed together to permit application in the field in one operation. They supply two or three major plant nutrients. The percentage of nutrients present in the mixture is expressed as fertilizer grade like 10-5-5 NPK. Micronutrients Plant nutrients required in minute quantities but considered essential are called micronutrients or trace elements or minor elements (eg.) Zinc Sulphate. Basal Application or Basal Dressing Application of fertilizers to the soil entirely or in part of the total requirement at the time of sowing or planting is called basal application. Top Dressing Application of fertilizers to the crop during the growth period in specific stages.
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This document discusses the importance of soil testing for agriculture. It notes that soil testing provides the most scientific basis for fertilizer recommendations by analyzing soil samples and considering crop needs and management practices. The key steps in soil testing are collecting a representative soil sample from the field, analyzing it to determine nutrient availability, interpreting the results, and making fertilizer recommendations. Proper sampling involves dividing fields into units, removing surface litter, and taking a composite sample from each unit before sowing crops. Soil testing helps farmers apply the right amounts of nutrients needed by their crops.
fertilizer calculation
Here are the steps to solve these calculation problems:
Q1. Urea contains 46% N. DAP contains 18% N and 46% P2O5. MOP contains 60% K2O.
- DAP required for 100 kg P = (100 x 100)/46 = 217 kg
- DAP supplies 18 kg N. Remaining N from Urea = 150 - 18 = 132 kg
- 132 kg N from Urea = (132 x 100)/46 = 287 kg
- MOP required for 110 kg K = (110 x 100)/60 = 183 kg
Q2. Urea contains 46% N. NPK mixture contains 12% N, 32% P2O5,
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1. Soil sampling involves taking representative soil cores from throughout a field and mixing them into a composite sample for analysis.
2. In the lab, the soil sample is dried, ground, sieved and analyzed to determine levels of major nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium through extraction methods using different reagents.
3. The nutrient levels are then classified as low, medium, or high to determine fertilizer recommendations needed to provide optimal nutrition for crop yields.
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The document discusses plant nutrient needs and the nitrogen cycle. It outlines 17 essential nutrients for plant growth including macronutrients, secondary nutrients, and micronutrients. Nitrogen is highlighted as it is often the most limiting nutrient. The nitrogen cycle is described, including nitrogen fixation, ammonification, nitrification, immobilization, leaching, volatilization, and denitrification. Both positive and adverse environmental effects of increasing reactive nitrogen are discussed.
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This document discusses the importance of soil testing for agriculture. It notes that soil testing provides the most scientific basis for fertilizer recommendations by analyzing soil samples and considering crop needs and management practices. The key steps in soil testing are collecting a representative soil sample from the field, analyzing it to determine nutrient availability, interpreting the results, and making fertilizer recommendations. Proper sampling involves dividing fields into units, removing surface litter, and taking a composite sample from each unit before sowing crops. Soil testing helps farmers apply the right amounts of nutrients needed by their crops.
fertilizer calculation
Here are the steps to solve these calculation problems:
Q1. Urea contains 46% N. DAP contains 18% N and 46% P2O5. MOP contains 60% K2O.
- DAP required for 100 kg P = (100 x 100)/46 = 217 kg
- DAP supplies 18 kg N. Remaining N from Urea = 150 - 18 = 132 kg
- 132 kg N from Urea = (132 x 100)/46 = 287 kg
- MOP required for 110 kg K = (110 x 100)/60 = 183 kg
Q2. Urea contains 46% N. NPK mixture contains 12% N, 32% P2O5,
soil sampling and testing
1. Soil sampling involves taking representative soil cores from throughout a field and mixing them into a composite sample for analysis.
2. In the lab, the soil sample is dried, ground, sieved and analyzed to determine levels of major nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium through extraction methods using different reagents.
3. The nutrient levels are then classified as low, medium, or high to determine fertilizer recommendations needed to provide optimal nutrition for crop yields.
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The document discusses plant nutrient needs and the nitrogen cycle. It outlines 17 essential nutrients for plant growth including macronutrients, secondary nutrients, and micronutrients. Nitrogen is highlighted as it is often the most limiting nutrient. The nitrogen cycle is described, including nitrogen fixation, ammonification, nitrification, immobilization, leaching, volatilization, and denitrification. Both positive and adverse environmental effects of increasing reactive nitrogen are discussed.
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- Straight fertilizers contain a single nutrient, while mix fertilizers contain two or more nutrients.
- Complete fertilizers contain nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, while incomplete fertilizers are missing at least one of these primary nutrients.
- Organic fertilizers come from animal or plant matter and slowly release nutrients, while inorganic fertilizers are chemical products that can be tailored to specific nutrient ratios.
- Soluble fertilizers dissolve in water for fertilization through irrigation, while insoluble granular or slow-release fertilizers are applied directly to soil.
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2) Blackman's Law of the Limiting Factor states that the growth rate is determined by the slowest acting growth factor.
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Nitrogen is an essential nutrient for plants that exists in soil in various organic and inorganic forms. The processes of mineralization and immobilization control nitrogen availability. Mineralization converts organic nitrogen into plant-available inorganic forms like ammonium and nitrate through aminization, ammonification, and nitrification carried out by soil microbes. Immobilization occurs when carbon-rich residues cause microbes to use inorganic nitrogen, decreasing availability for plants. Maintaining a proper carbon-to-nitrogen ratio in soil is important to promote nitrogen mineralization while avoiding immobilization.
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This document discusses different types of fertilizers:
- Straight fertilizers contain a single nutrient, while mix fertilizers contain two or more nutrients.
- Complete fertilizers contain nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, while incomplete fertilizers are missing at least one of these primary nutrients.
- Organic fertilizers come from animal or plant matter and slowly release nutrients, while inorganic fertilizers are chemical products that can be tailored to specific nutrient ratios.
- Soluble fertilizers dissolve in water for fertilization through irrigation, while insoluble granular or slow-release fertilizers are applied directly to soil.
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The document discusses the effects of fertilizers and pesticides on soil and water, noting that nitrogen fertilizers can acidify soils while nitrate-based products are less acidifying, and that overuse of nitrogen fertilizers and pesticides is a major cause of water pollution through nutrient runoff leading to eutrophication. It also outlines how different forms of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers impact soil pH and chemistry.
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This document discusses different approaches for evaluating soil fertility and determining fertilizer recommendations, including soil analysis, plant analysis, and visual deficiency symptoms. It describes methods for both rapid tissue tests of fresh plant parts and total laboratory analysis of dried plant materials. Diagnosis and recommendations can be generalized, based on soil test ratings with adjustments, or use the soil test crop response and target yield concept to determine fertilizer doses needed to achieve specific yields.
Crop response production function
This document presents a summary of several classical theories on plant growth response to nutrients:
1) Liebig's Law of the Minimum states that plant growth is limited by the scarcest nutrient.
2) Blackman's Law of the Limiting Factor states that the growth rate is determined by the slowest acting growth factor.
3) Willcox's Theory of the Nitrogen Constant found plants absorb about 318 lbs of nitrogen per acre at optimum conditions.
4) Spillman's Equation models the relationship between growth amount, maximum possible yield, growth factor quantity, and a constant.
5) Baule Unit defines the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, or potassium needed to produce 50% of maximum possible
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The document discusses different types of cropping systems including sole cropping, multiple cropping, intercropping, relay cropping and alley cropping. It explains the basic principles and benefits of cropping systems in maintaining soil fertility and utilizing resources efficiently. Additionally, the document outlines factors that influence the choice of crops in a cropping system such as available farm resources, enterprises, and farm technology.
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Determination of available nitrogen.
Determination of soil available nitrogen by Alkaline
permanganate method (Subbiah and Asija, 1956).
Nitrogen is necessary for all forms of life. It is most important
essential plant nutrient for crop production as it is constituted the building blocks of almost all the plant structures.
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This document discusses potassium (K) in soils. It covers the following key points:
- K exists in soils in various forms including solution, exchangeable, fixed, and structural/mineral forms. Exchangeable K is the most plant-available.
- K is essential for plant growth and plays important roles in processes like photosynthesis and enzyme activation. Deficiency causes burn symptoms on older leaves and reduced yields.
- Common fertilizers containing K include potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, and potassium magnesium sulfate. Fertilizer K can increase various forms of K in soils.
- Factors like clay content, soil pH, wetting/drying, and freezing/thawing can influence K
Role of traditional organic liquid formulations in organic farming
Traditional organic liquid formulations like beejamrutha, jeevamrutha, vermiwash, panchagavya, and cow urine can play an important role in organic farming by providing nutrients to soils and crops. These formulations are made from locally available materials like cow dung, urine, milk and help improve soil health and fertility while providing balanced nutrition to crops with few disadvantages like possible odors. Studies show these liquid formulations increase yields and farmer incomes while reducing costs when compared to chemical methods. Their easy preparation and use of local materials also make them suitable for rural farmers.
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Here are the answers to your seatwork questions:
1. Fertilizer is any organic or inorganic material of natural or synthetic origin, which is added to the soil to supply certain elements essential to plant growth.
2. The macroelements are nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P2O5) and potassium (K2O) or NPK. These are usually taken from the soil, air and water in sufficient amount.
3. The macroelements (N, P, K) are required in larger quantities by plants compared to the microelements. Providing adequate macroelements is crucial for plant growth, yield and quality.
4. Nitrogen stimulates growth of leaves and stems. It is applied
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This document discusses fertilizers and provides information about their history, types, application methods, advantages, and disadvantages. It begins with an introduction to fertilizers and their role in plant growth and increasing crop yields. It then discusses the history of fertilizers from early organic methods to modern inorganic fertilizers developed in the 19th-20th centuries. The document outlines the main types of organic and inorganic fertilizers and common application methods like broadcasting, top dressing, and drip irrigation. It concludes by noting that while fertilizers are crucial for food production, an overreliance on chemical fertilizers can harm the environment.
PRESENTATION ON COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS
Commercial fertilizers are natural or synthetic materials that contain essential nutrients for plant growth. They are manufactured to have a high concentration of nutrients that are readily available for plant uptake. There are three main types of commercial fertilizers - nitrogenous, phosphatic, and potassic - which provide nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium respectively. Fertilizers can be complete (containing all three nutrients), incomplete (missing one nutrient), or straight (containing only one nutrient). Commercial fertilizer production started in the 18th century and increased significantly during the green revolution to boost agricultural yields. Liquid fertilizers and nano-fertilizers are newer forms that aim to further improve nutrient availability and use efficiency.
Complex fertilizers presentation
This document discusses different types of complex fertilizers including their composition and manufacturing processes. It describes nitrophosphate fertilizers which contain nitrogen and phosphorus in various proportions. Diammonium phosphate and ammonium phosphate are mentioned as important complex fertilizers produced through chemical reactions. The document also discusses ammonium polyphosphate, potassium polyphosphate, and zincated polyphosphates as recently developed complex fertilizers that supply nutrients and micronutrients to plants.
CLASSIFICATION OF FERTLIZERS 1 - Copy.pptx
This document discusses the classification of fertilizers and integrated plant nutrient management systems (IPNMS). It defines fertilizers as materials that supply essential plant nutrients and classifies them as straight, complex, or mixed based on the number of nutrients present. It also discusses nitrogenous, phosphatic, potassic, secondary and micronutrient fertilizers. The document then defines IPNMS as the combined use of inorganic, organic and biological resources to sustain crop yields while maintaining soil health. The main components of IPNMS discussed are the use of inorganic fertilizers, organic manures, biological sources, and maintaining soil physical properties and managing problematic soils.
Agriculture by Divyansh
Fertilizers contain essential nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium that help plants grow. Chemical fertilizers are specifically formulated with certain nutrients and have advantages over manures like being easily transported and absorbed. However, soils are often deficient in nutrients, requiring fertilization. Fertilizer packaging codes indicate the percentage of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium contained.
An experiment was conducted using radish plants with 5 fertilizer concentration levels. Plant heights were measured after 10 days and average heights calculated. Results showed heights increased from the lowest to highest concentration, but decreased at the highest level, indicating an optimal concentration range exists.
B.Sc Agri Fertilizer - Types, Application, Mode of Action
The document discusses fertilizers, which are substances added to soil to promote plant growth by providing essential nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. There are two main types: inorganic fertilizers that are chemically synthesized and provide readily available nutrients, and organic fertilizers derived from natural sources that release nutrients slowly and improve soil health. Fertilizers play a crucial role in agriculture by replenishing depleted soil nutrients and increasing crop yields, but excessive use can cause environmental problems so application rates must be responsible.
APPLYING BASAL FERTILIZER.pptx
1. Fertilizers are substances added to soil to nourish plants and help them grow. This document discusses applying basal fertilizer, which involves applying fertilizer before planting.
2. It provides instructions on calculating fertilizer requirements based on crop needs and the amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in different fertilizer products.
3. The document emphasizes safely applying the right amount of fertilizer, whether organic or inorganic, according to methods like broadcasting, row application, and banding.
Effect of applied phosphorus on the availability of micronutrients in alkalin...
The International Institute for Science, Technology and Education (IISTE). Science, Technology and Medicine Journals Call for Academic Manuscripts
Nutrient use efficiency
1. The document discusses nutrient use efficiency and factors that affect it, such as leaching, gaseous losses, immobilization, and chemical reactions between fertilizer components.
2. It describes methods of increasing fertilizer use efficiency, including applying fertilizers at the right time and quantity, and using the proper fertilizer source and form for different crops to minimize fixation and maximize availability.
3. Integrated nutrient management is defined as maintaining soil fertility and nutrient supply through optimizing organic, inorganic, and biological components to provide balanced nutrition for crops while sustaining soil quality.
Fertilization in aquaculture Ponds
Fertilization in aquaculture ponds can increase primary productivity by augmenting the availability of essential plant nutrients. Common chemical fertilizers used include compounds that provide nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Organic manures can also be used as fertilizers but generally contain lower concentrations of nutrients. The proper application of fertilizers involves considering nutrient ratios, application frequency, method of application, and potential problems related to water quality factors and pond conditions.
Apply Basal Fertilizer .pptx
- Basal fertilizer refers to the minimum amount of nutrients needed to sustain normal plant health. It is important to apply fertilizers at the right time, in the proper manner, and considering soil type and crop nutrient requirements.
- Fertilizers are typically applied to supply plants with macronutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium as well as micronutrients. The time and method of application depends on the fertilizer type, soil type, and crop needs.
- Common organic fertilizers include manure and compost which improve soil health while inorganic fertilizers are more concentrated but can degrade soils over time if overapplied. Proper use and handling of fertilizers is necessary to provide optimal
D043025035
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
D043025035
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
D043025035
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
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Fertilizer calculation (1) Agriculture
- 1. Fertilizers The term fertilizer refers to commercially manufactured inorganic materials either dry or liquid, which are added to the soil to supply essential plant nutrients. There are different types of fertilizers available. 1. Nitrogenous 2. Phosphatic 3. Potassic 4. Complex and 5. Mixed fertilizers. Simple Fertilizers or Straight Fertilizers Fertilizers containing only one plant nutrient is called as nitrogenous fertilizers – contain ‘N’ alone (eg) urea. Phosphatic fertilizers – contain phosphorus alone (eg) super phosphate. Potassic fertilizers – contain potassium alone (eg) Muriate of potash. Complex Fertilizers Fertilizers are containing two or more primary nutrients (N, P &K). Eg. Di-ammonium phosphate contains N and P nutrient Incomplete Complex Fertilizers Fertilizers containing only two of the primary nutrients are called incomplete complex fertilizers. Mixed Fertilizers Individual straight fertilizer materials are mechanically mixed together to permit application in the field in one operation. They supply two or three major plant nutrients. The percentage of nutrients present in the mixture is expressed as fertilizer grade like 10-5-5 NPK. Micronutrients Plant nutrients required in minute quantities but considered essential are called micronutrients or trace elements or minor elements (eg.) Zinc Sulphate. Basal Application or Basal Dressing Application of fertilizers to the soil entirely or in part of the total requirement at the time of sowing or planting is called basal application. Top Dressing Application of fertilizers to the crop during the growth period in specific stages.
- 2. Nitrogenous Fertilizer Materials and their Nutrient Content (per cent) Source N P2O5 K2O CaO MgO S Cl 1. Ammonium Sulphate 2. Ammonium Chloride 3. Ammonium Nitrate 4. MonoAmmo.Phosphate 5. DiAmmo.Phosphate 6. CAN (Calcium Ammoium .Nitrate) 7. Calcium Nitrate 8. Potassium Nitrate 9. Sodium Nitrate 10. Urea 21 25-26 33-34 11 18-21 35 15 13 16 46 - - - 48-55 46-54 - - - - - - - - - - - - 44 - - - - - 20.0 - 8.1 34.0 0.5 - - - - - 0.5 - 4.5 - 0.5 - - 24.0 - - 1-3 - - - 0.2 - - - 66 - - - - - 1 - - Phosphatic Fertilizers Water Soluble Phosphate (Mono Cal.Phosphate) 1. Single Super Phosphate (SSP) 16% 2. Double Super Phosphate (DSP) 32% 3. Triple Super Phosphate (TSP) 48% 4. Ammonium Phosphate Citric Acid Soluble Phosphate (Di-Calcium Phosphate) 1. Basic Slag – 14-18% 2. Di calcium Phosphate – 34-39% Insoluble phosphate (Tri calcium phosphate) 1. Rock phosphate 20-40% 2. Raw bone meal 20-25% 3. Steamed bone meal 22-30% Potassic Fertilisers 1. Muriate of potash (KC1) 60% 2. Sulphate of potash (K2SO4) 48-52% 3. Potassium nitrate (KNO3) 48%
- 3. Fertilizer Requirement The nutrient requirement of crops varies and is made available to the plant by application of fertilizers. The nutrient(s) content of fertilizer material also varies. It is calculated by the formula. The amount of fertilizer to be applied = x Recommended dose Example: Fertilizer recommended for rice is 100-50-50 kg N, P2O5 & K2O per hectare. Calculate the requirement of urea, super phosphate and muriate of potash. Urea requirement = x 100 = 217.4 Kg Super phosphate = x 50 = 312.5 kg Muriate of potash = x 50 = 83.3 kg. Conversion Factors to Workout Quantity of Fertilizer from Nutrient Nutrient Multiplication factor Fertilizer Nitrogen 4.9 Ammonium sulphate Nitrogen 2.2 Urea Nitrogen 4.0 Ammonium chloride Nitrogen 3.0 Ammonium nitrate Phosphoric acid (P2O5) 6.25 Super phosphate Potash (K2O) 1.66 Muriate of potash Potash (K2O) 2.0 Sulphate of potash 100 Nutrient content in the fertilizer material 100 46 100 16 100 60
- 4. General fertilizer recommendation for important crops Crop Fertilizer dose (kg/ha) N P2O5 K2O Rice 100 – 150 50 – 60 50 – 60 Wheat 80 – 120 40 – 60 40 Maize 135 60 40 Sorghum 100 – 120 50 40 Cumbu 100 – 120 40 – 60 30 – 40 Ragi 50 – 60 30 – 40 20 – 30 Pulses 25 50 - Gingelly 25- 30 20 – 30 0 – 20 Sunflower 40 20 20 Sugarcane 275 62.5 110 Cotton 100 – 120 60 60