The document discusses assessing the feasibility of blending cow urine with petrol to reduce vehicle emissions. Cow urine contains elements like sodium, magnesium, calcium and potassium that could improve fuel properties. The researchers extracted residues from cow urine using a sand bath technique, which removes 95% of the water. They then blended the residue with petrol in varying proportions, finding that adding ethanol helped the residue dissolve faster. Bomb calorimeter tests were used to measure and compare the calorific values of normal petrol and petrol blended with cow urine residue. The aim was to see if blending cow urine residue with petrol could effectively reduce harmful emissions from vehicles.
Experimental Investigation on Performance of Sugarcane Straw Pyrolysed Bio- O...IRJET Journal
1. The document experimentally investigates the performance of bio-oil produced from pyrolyzed sugarcane straw as a fuel in diesel engines.
2. Sugarcane straw was pyrolyzed at 650°C under nitrogen to produce bio-oil, which was then characterized based on properties like viscosity, density, acidity, and carbon/hydrogen/oxygen content.
3. The bio-oil was blended with diesel fuel and tested in a diesel engine to analyze properties like brake power, emissions, and engine performance. The results showed potential for sugarcane straw bio-oil to be a viable diesel fuel substitute or extender.
This document summarizes a gasoline vapor recovery system designed to capture gasoline vapors during storage and distribution to prevent their release into the atmosphere. The system uses a positive displacement pump to transfer vapors from a storage tank to an indirect condenser. The condenser contains copper tubes packed with ice to cool and condense the vapors back into liquid gasoline. A simple heater is also included to generate sufficient vapors for demonstration purposes by heating air pumped into the storage tank. The entire system is assembled on a basic frame and uses low-cost materials like PVC pipes and a soldering iron for heating. Measurement devices like a stopwatch and flask are used to test the system performance.
This document summarizes a gasoline vapor recovery system designed to capture gasoline vapors during storage and distribution to prevent their release into the atmosphere. The system uses a positive displacement pump to transfer vapors from a storage tank to an indirect condenser. The condenser contains copper tubes packed with ice to cool and condense the vapors back into liquid gasoline. A simple heater is also included to generate sufficient vapors for demonstration purposes by heating air pumped into the storage tank. The entire system is assembled on a basic frame and uses low-cost materials like PVC pipes and a soldering iron for heating. Measurement devices like a stopwatch and flask are used to test the system performance.
IRJET - Production of Biogas from Cow Dung and Determination of Calorific ValueIRJET Journal
This document discusses the production of biogas from cow dung and determination of calorific value. Cow dung was collected and used to produce biogas through anaerobic digestion. The raw biogas was purified using steel wool, water, and silica gel to remove hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, and water vapor, respectively. The calorific value of raw and purified biogas was measured using a Junkers gas calorimeter. It was found that the calorific value increased from 20799kj/m3 to 28423kj/m3 after purification. A water boiling test also showed that purified biogas heated water 150C faster than raw biogas. Therefore, biogas purification is essential to increase
Pyrolysis of Scrap Tyres and Waste Lube Oil by Using Catalytic AgentIJERA Editor
Scrape tyres and waste lube oil are the cause of great environmental issues because they are not biodegradable
and their elements cannot be recovered and they are causing great environmental pollution. Secondly, the world
needs the new sources of energy due to depletion of oil sources. In this experiment, pyrolysis of scrape tyres
alone and pyrolysis of mixture of scrape tyres and used lubricating oil by using catalytic agent (CaCO3) is done
to see the effect of waste lube oil and catalytic agent on pyrolysis of scrape tyres. The value of products of both
samples (scrape tyres alone, mixture of scrape tyres and used lubricating oil) has been studied and compared.
Experimental Analysis of Fuel Produced from Automotive Waste Lube OilIRJET Journal
This document describes an experimental study that analyzed the performance and emissions of a diesel engine fueled with blends of pyrolysis fuel produced from waste automotive oil and diesel. The pyrolysis fuel was produced through microwave pyrolysis, which thermally cracks waste oil into smaller hydrocarbon chains. Various blends of 10%, 20%, 30%, and 50% pyrolysis fuel with diesel were tested in a single cylinder diesel engine. The results showed that brake thermal efficiency decreased with increasing blend ratios due to higher brake specific fuel consumption. Emissions of NOx and CO increased with pyrolysis fuel blends compared to diesel alone.
Activation Of Carbon Produced From Coconut Shell By Using Fluidized Bed ...Ratan Kumar
The document summarizes the production of activated carbon from coconut shells using pyrolysis and a fluidized bed reactor. The process involves two stages: 1) pyrolysis of coconut shells at 600°C produces char, bio-oil, syngas, and steam byproducts. 2) The char is activated in a fluidized bed reactor at 900°C with steam, producing activated carbon. Fluidized bed reactors are well-suited for activation due to their excellent gas-solid contact and heat transfer. Key parameters that affect activation include temperature, particle size, fluidizing velocity, and static bed height.
Effect of Fast Pyrolysis Operating Conditions on Product Yield of Red Meranti...IRJET Journal
1) The document investigates the effect of operating conditions on product yield from fast pyrolysis of red meranti sawdust.
2) It finds that bio-oil yield is maximized at 450°C, a nitrogen flow rate of 25 L/min, and a retention time of 60 minutes for sawdust particles sized 0.3 mm.
3) Temperature has the strongest influence on bio-oil yield, followed by nitrogen flow rate and retention time, while particle size has a negligible effect.
Experimental Investigation on Performance of Sugarcane Straw Pyrolysed Bio- O...IRJET Journal
1. The document experimentally investigates the performance of bio-oil produced from pyrolyzed sugarcane straw as a fuel in diesel engines.
2. Sugarcane straw was pyrolyzed at 650°C under nitrogen to produce bio-oil, which was then characterized based on properties like viscosity, density, acidity, and carbon/hydrogen/oxygen content.
3. The bio-oil was blended with diesel fuel and tested in a diesel engine to analyze properties like brake power, emissions, and engine performance. The results showed potential for sugarcane straw bio-oil to be a viable diesel fuel substitute or extender.
This document summarizes a gasoline vapor recovery system designed to capture gasoline vapors during storage and distribution to prevent their release into the atmosphere. The system uses a positive displacement pump to transfer vapors from a storage tank to an indirect condenser. The condenser contains copper tubes packed with ice to cool and condense the vapors back into liquid gasoline. A simple heater is also included to generate sufficient vapors for demonstration purposes by heating air pumped into the storage tank. The entire system is assembled on a basic frame and uses low-cost materials like PVC pipes and a soldering iron for heating. Measurement devices like a stopwatch and flask are used to test the system performance.
This document summarizes a gasoline vapor recovery system designed to capture gasoline vapors during storage and distribution to prevent their release into the atmosphere. The system uses a positive displacement pump to transfer vapors from a storage tank to an indirect condenser. The condenser contains copper tubes packed with ice to cool and condense the vapors back into liquid gasoline. A simple heater is also included to generate sufficient vapors for demonstration purposes by heating air pumped into the storage tank. The entire system is assembled on a basic frame and uses low-cost materials like PVC pipes and a soldering iron for heating. Measurement devices like a stopwatch and flask are used to test the system performance.
IRJET - Production of Biogas from Cow Dung and Determination of Calorific ValueIRJET Journal
This document discusses the production of biogas from cow dung and determination of calorific value. Cow dung was collected and used to produce biogas through anaerobic digestion. The raw biogas was purified using steel wool, water, and silica gel to remove hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, and water vapor, respectively. The calorific value of raw and purified biogas was measured using a Junkers gas calorimeter. It was found that the calorific value increased from 20799kj/m3 to 28423kj/m3 after purification. A water boiling test also showed that purified biogas heated water 150C faster than raw biogas. Therefore, biogas purification is essential to increase
Pyrolysis of Scrap Tyres and Waste Lube Oil by Using Catalytic AgentIJERA Editor
Scrape tyres and waste lube oil are the cause of great environmental issues because they are not biodegradable
and their elements cannot be recovered and they are causing great environmental pollution. Secondly, the world
needs the new sources of energy due to depletion of oil sources. In this experiment, pyrolysis of scrape tyres
alone and pyrolysis of mixture of scrape tyres and used lubricating oil by using catalytic agent (CaCO3) is done
to see the effect of waste lube oil and catalytic agent on pyrolysis of scrape tyres. The value of products of both
samples (scrape tyres alone, mixture of scrape tyres and used lubricating oil) has been studied and compared.
Experimental Analysis of Fuel Produced from Automotive Waste Lube OilIRJET Journal
This document describes an experimental study that analyzed the performance and emissions of a diesel engine fueled with blends of pyrolysis fuel produced from waste automotive oil and diesel. The pyrolysis fuel was produced through microwave pyrolysis, which thermally cracks waste oil into smaller hydrocarbon chains. Various blends of 10%, 20%, 30%, and 50% pyrolysis fuel with diesel were tested in a single cylinder diesel engine. The results showed that brake thermal efficiency decreased with increasing blend ratios due to higher brake specific fuel consumption. Emissions of NOx and CO increased with pyrolysis fuel blends compared to diesel alone.
Activation Of Carbon Produced From Coconut Shell By Using Fluidized Bed ...Ratan Kumar
The document summarizes the production of activated carbon from coconut shells using pyrolysis and a fluidized bed reactor. The process involves two stages: 1) pyrolysis of coconut shells at 600°C produces char, bio-oil, syngas, and steam byproducts. 2) The char is activated in a fluidized bed reactor at 900°C with steam, producing activated carbon. Fluidized bed reactors are well-suited for activation due to their excellent gas-solid contact and heat transfer. Key parameters that affect activation include temperature, particle size, fluidizing velocity, and static bed height.
Effect of Fast Pyrolysis Operating Conditions on Product Yield of Red Meranti...IRJET Journal
1) The document investigates the effect of operating conditions on product yield from fast pyrolysis of red meranti sawdust.
2) It finds that bio-oil yield is maximized at 450°C, a nitrogen flow rate of 25 L/min, and a retention time of 60 minutes for sawdust particles sized 0.3 mm.
3) Temperature has the strongest influence on bio-oil yield, followed by nitrogen flow rate and retention time, while particle size has a negligible effect.
This document summarizes a study that assessed and compared the combustion and pollution potentials of Premium Motor Spirit (PMS) and Automotive Gas Oil (AGO). Samples of PMS and AGO were combusted in a specially designed combustion chamber. The particulate matter and combustion effluents were collected and analyzed. PMS yielded 1.9g/l of particulate matter while AGO yielded 2.7g/l. The particulates and residues were extracted and analyzed using gas chromatography. The chromatograms showed evidence of polyaromatic hydrocarbons, indicating the combustion of these fuels generates pollutants. PMS burned faster than AGO due to its lower molecular weight and volatility. Incomplete combustion was observed for both fuels
Submission Report - Exploratory Project: Model for Rice Husk UtilizationAvnish Singh
The project aimed at finding the possible ways in which the abundant amount of rice husk produced each year (around 21 million tons) can be used. After doing a lot of research and experiments it can be concluded that it can be used as a source of electricity as well as a fuel in industry after increasing its carbon content by pyrolysing rice husk at elevated temperatures.
Economics of biogas plants and their role in saving the environmentDhananjay Rao
This document discusses biogas production through anaerobic digestion. It begins by outlining the composition of biogas and common organic materials used for production. These include cattle dung, kitchen waste, and crop residue. The document then describes the 3-phase digestion process and provides breakdowns of gas yield from different feedstocks. Key uses of biogas are also listed, such as cooking, lighting, and power generation. Installation rates of biogas plants in India are then assessed, followed by economics of family-sized plants and their role in environmental protection.
This proposal discusses a heat recovery system for Coronet Foods to reduce natural gas consumption. Coronet Foods uses natural gas for baking ovens whose exhaust reaches 200-250°C. Currently, this waste heat is released into the environment. The proposed system would recover up to 70% of this heat to heat water for use in production processes. This could save over 20% of Coronet's gas usage and lower costs significantly. Technical details are provided on gas composition, heat losses, heat recovery potential, and expected savings from utilizing currently wasted heat to heat water. The objectives are to analyze exhaust gases, maximize heat recovery, and implement a system to heat water for Coronet's operations.
This work presents the experimental results of gasification of char derived from
pyrolysis of Pongamia deoiled cake at maximum oil condition. Experiments are
conducted in fluidized bed reactor using air as the gasifying agent. The gasification
temperature and equivalence ratio (ER) were varied as per the designed experiment
using central composite design to study the influence on the composition of the
product gas. The lower heating value (LHV), Gas yield (GY), carbon conversion
efficiency (CCE) and cold gas efficiency (CGE) were calculated from the data of the
composition of the gas. The experiments were carried out in the temperature range of
600-800 °C, equivalence ratio of 0.26-0.36. Regression equations were proposed as a
function of temperature and ER for H2, CO, CH4 and CO2 in the range of
experimental conditions. The results showed that at a temperature of 800 °C and ER
of 0.35, maximum cold gas efficiency of 52.04% was achieved. The optimum input
parameters were identified for maximum gasification efficiency. The product gas with
highest LHV, 5 MJ/Nm3 was obtained at 600 °C temperature, 0.26 ER. The product
gas obtained through gasification of this kind of char can be used as fuel for syngas
engines, for power generation and process heat applications.
1. Experiments were conducted using a 4 sqm parabolic solar concentrator to calcine small gypsum samples (5kg), which showed promising results for using solar energy to produce plaster of Paris (POP) on an industrial scale.
2. A proposed industrial method was calculated using 30 Scheffler solar concentrators (each 16 sqm), which could produce enough energy (48 kWh/day each) to make 1 ton of POP per day. With estimated costs and subsidies, the payback period would be approximately 4 years.
3. Dual axis tracked parabolic dishes could also be used, especially for higher temperature applications like fluidized bed calciners which require 250°C thermal oil temperatures. Systems
Production of plaster of paris using solar energyeSAT Journals
Abstract Plaster of Paris (POP) is an important building material. Most of the units producing POP are in small scale sector. These units use wood, coal to calcine gypsum. The average consumption of wood to produce one ton of POP is 300kg. The electrical energy constitutes only 5% while rest is thermal energy. Most of POP units are situated in western Rajasthan. This region has about 300-320 days of clear sun shine. Since thermal energy has major contribution in energy mix, it makes sense to supplement the same with concentrated solar technology. Experiments were conducted to establish feasibility. A commercial parabolic concentrator of 4 sqm was used to calcine small samples (5kg) and the result show great promise. An industrial method of producing POP using commercially available solar concentrator technologies (CST) has been proposed. The payback period is observed to be of the order of 4 years.
Keywords: Gypsum, Plaster of Paris, Solar energy, Scheffler reflector, parabolic concentrator
Performance Evaluation of Dairy Wastewater Treatment PlantIRJET Journal
1) The document analyzes the performance of a dairy wastewater treatment plant in Jaipur, India.
2) It evaluates various water quality parameters (BOD, COD, TSS, oil/grease) at the plant's inlet and outlet to assess the plant's ability to treat wastewater to regulatory standards.
3) The results show that the plant significantly reduces all parameters measured (BOD reduced from 1477 mg/L to 12 mg/L) and meets regulatory limits for treated water discharge.
Treatment of Dairy Wastewater Using Saw dust as a Natural Low Cost AdsorbentIRJET Journal
This document discusses using sawdust activated carbon to treat dairy wastewater. Batch and column adsorption studies were conducted. In batch studies, maximum removal efficiencies of 76%, 72%, 65.8%, 72.9%, 62.9%, and 57.7% were achieved for various parameters at 60g dosage over 60 minutes. In column studies, maximum removal efficiencies of 68.6-55.6%, 64.5-65.4%, 60.7-64.2%, 67.2-64.6%, 53.8-63.3%, and 57.9-65.9% were achieved depending on flow rate (6mL/min) or contact time (60 minutes). Overall
IRJET- Pyrolysis of Polyethylene Waste Material – Analysis and Comparison...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that analyzed the pyrolysis of polyethylene plastic waste to produce pyrolysis oil. The researchers designed and built a simple pyrolysis reactor using common equipment. They pyrolyzed polyethylene plastic at temperatures over 450°C to produce a pyrolysis oil. The oil was then blended with diesel fuel at a 15% oil to 85% diesel ratio. This blended fuel was tested in a Kirloskar engine, and tests found it had similar performance and lower emissions than pure diesel. The researchers concluded that pyrolyzing plastic waste is a viable way to produce fuel and reduce plastic pollution in the environment.
Onel Badro - Production of Acetone by Dehydrogenation of Isopropyl Alcohol Po...Onel Badro
This document presents a poster on producing acetone through the dehydrogenation of isopropyl alcohol. It includes an introduction describing the process and objectives of designing a plant to produce 200 tons per year of acetone. Material and energy balance calculations are shown, along with design details and specifications for the heat exchanger, reactor, distillation columns, and pump used in the process. Safety and economic analyses are also presented. The conclusion discusses applying engineering principles to further study and potentially establish an acetone production plant.
This document discusses methods for recovering solvent mixtures using sodium chloride as an additive. It presents the results of experiments conducted using a rotary evaporator to recover solvents from mixtures as condensate. Adding sodium chloride to the crude mixtures improved the amount of recovered solvent by up to 20% compared to mixtures without sodium chloride. Higher recovery was achieved at higher bath temperatures and evaporator rotation speeds. The addition of sodium chloride reduces the boiling point of mixtures and allows for more efficient solvent recovery that saves energy compared to conventional distillation methods.
A Review on Waste Heat from Sugar Indusrty to Drive Vapour Absorption AC’sIRJET Journal
This document reviews utilizing waste heat from the sugar industry to power vapor absorption air conditioning systems. It first discusses the sugar production process and the large amounts of waste water produced. It then examines absorption cooling as an alternative to vapor compression that can use low-grade waste heat. The literature review explores benefits of waste heat recovery and absorption cooling technology. The methodology section outlines a study of waste water flows and temperatures at a sugar factory in India to determine the potential cooling output from waste heat. The objectives are to power factory AC systems using waste heat and reduce electricity consumption.
PREPARATION OF BRIQUETTE IN AN INNOVATIVE AND COST EFFECTIVE WAY AND ITS TEST...BIBHUTI BHUSAN SAMANTARAY
This research was conducted for a cleaner
densified biomass solid fuel to reduce the dependency on
woodland which is increasingly becoming critical due to
rural cooking. In this paper study was conducted to
determine the optimum mixing ratio of coal dust (CD) to
saw dust (SD) to produce a solid fuel-CSB (Coal Saw
Briquette). Mixing inefficiency shows starch and water are
also required for adequate strength of CSB. Objective of
the study was to investigate PHU, emission analysis and
cost factor. From research, it was concluded that CD to SD
of ratio 70:30 is suitable for production and usability.
Absence of critical particulate emission (like carbon
monoxide) and higher calorific value promotes it as an
alternative sustainable fuel in rural society. CSB not only
reduce the use of wood energy but also decreases the
statistic for premature death due to indoor air pollution
caused from cooking with biomass.
This document summarizes research on generating electricity from biogas. It discusses how biogas is produced from bacteria breaking down organic waste like cow dung. The biogas can then be used to power internal combustion engines or generators to produce electricity. The researchers tested different feedstocks for producing biogas and found that biogas generated from ruhi leaves and bhamburdi leaves with a bacterial solution of water and jaggery produced high quality, flammable methane gas. There is potential to develop technologies to purify the methane and generate affordable, clean electricity from biogas for rural communities.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
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This document describes an exhaust cooker, an invention by Rakesh Chander that uses waste heat from vehicle exhaust to cook food. The exhaust cooker system comprises a flue gas controller, heat exchanger/boiler, and steam pressure cooker connected by silicone tubes. It was installed on a 150cc scooter and produced around 38 psi of steam pressure from the engine exhaust after 8 km, enough to cook 1 kg of rice or heat water. The exhaust cooker is an eco-friendly way to utilize wasted energy and provide food for drivers and vehicle occupants anytime. It has applications for buses, trucks, military vehicles, trains, and generator sets.
To Calculate and Improvement in the Efficiency of FBC BoilerIRJET Journal
This document discusses calculating and improving the efficiency of a fluidized bed combustion (FBC) boiler. It begins with an introduction to FBC boilers and their advantages over traditional firing systems. It then describes the three main types of FBC boilers: atmospheric fluidized bed combustion (AFBC), circulating fluidized bed combustion (CFBC), and pressurized fluidized bed combustion (PFBC).
The document focuses on methods to calculate boiler efficiency, including the direct method using input/output calculations and the indirect method accounting for all heat losses. It provides the specific formulas and step-by-step process for calculating efficiency using the indirect method for an FBC boiler burning Indian lignite coal. The goal is to
Incineration Process for Solid Waste Management and Effective Utilization of ...IRJET Journal
This document discusses municipal solid waste incineration as a management option for solid waste. It describes the incineration process, which involves combusting waste materials to produce heat, flue gases, and ash. The by-products - heat, flue gases containing nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and sulfur dioxide, and ash - can be effectively utilized. Heat can be used to generate electricity, flue gases can be processed to extract elements like sulfur for use in fertilizers and dental treatments, and ash can be used in construction materials. The document also outlines different incineration technologies, plant location considerations, and air pollution control methods used to clean flue gases before emission.
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
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This document summarizes a study that assessed and compared the combustion and pollution potentials of Premium Motor Spirit (PMS) and Automotive Gas Oil (AGO). Samples of PMS and AGO were combusted in a specially designed combustion chamber. The particulate matter and combustion effluents were collected and analyzed. PMS yielded 1.9g/l of particulate matter while AGO yielded 2.7g/l. The particulates and residues were extracted and analyzed using gas chromatography. The chromatograms showed evidence of polyaromatic hydrocarbons, indicating the combustion of these fuels generates pollutants. PMS burned faster than AGO due to its lower molecular weight and volatility. Incomplete combustion was observed for both fuels
Submission Report - Exploratory Project: Model for Rice Husk UtilizationAvnish Singh
The project aimed at finding the possible ways in which the abundant amount of rice husk produced each year (around 21 million tons) can be used. After doing a lot of research and experiments it can be concluded that it can be used as a source of electricity as well as a fuel in industry after increasing its carbon content by pyrolysing rice husk at elevated temperatures.
Economics of biogas plants and their role in saving the environmentDhananjay Rao
This document discusses biogas production through anaerobic digestion. It begins by outlining the composition of biogas and common organic materials used for production. These include cattle dung, kitchen waste, and crop residue. The document then describes the 3-phase digestion process and provides breakdowns of gas yield from different feedstocks. Key uses of biogas are also listed, such as cooking, lighting, and power generation. Installation rates of biogas plants in India are then assessed, followed by economics of family-sized plants and their role in environmental protection.
This proposal discusses a heat recovery system for Coronet Foods to reduce natural gas consumption. Coronet Foods uses natural gas for baking ovens whose exhaust reaches 200-250°C. Currently, this waste heat is released into the environment. The proposed system would recover up to 70% of this heat to heat water for use in production processes. This could save over 20% of Coronet's gas usage and lower costs significantly. Technical details are provided on gas composition, heat losses, heat recovery potential, and expected savings from utilizing currently wasted heat to heat water. The objectives are to analyze exhaust gases, maximize heat recovery, and implement a system to heat water for Coronet's operations.
This work presents the experimental results of gasification of char derived from
pyrolysis of Pongamia deoiled cake at maximum oil condition. Experiments are
conducted in fluidized bed reactor using air as the gasifying agent. The gasification
temperature and equivalence ratio (ER) were varied as per the designed experiment
using central composite design to study the influence on the composition of the
product gas. The lower heating value (LHV), Gas yield (GY), carbon conversion
efficiency (CCE) and cold gas efficiency (CGE) were calculated from the data of the
composition of the gas. The experiments were carried out in the temperature range of
600-800 °C, equivalence ratio of 0.26-0.36. Regression equations were proposed as a
function of temperature and ER for H2, CO, CH4 and CO2 in the range of
experimental conditions. The results showed that at a temperature of 800 °C and ER
of 0.35, maximum cold gas efficiency of 52.04% was achieved. The optimum input
parameters were identified for maximum gasification efficiency. The product gas with
highest LHV, 5 MJ/Nm3 was obtained at 600 °C temperature, 0.26 ER. The product
gas obtained through gasification of this kind of char can be used as fuel for syngas
engines, for power generation and process heat applications.
1. Experiments were conducted using a 4 sqm parabolic solar concentrator to calcine small gypsum samples (5kg), which showed promising results for using solar energy to produce plaster of Paris (POP) on an industrial scale.
2. A proposed industrial method was calculated using 30 Scheffler solar concentrators (each 16 sqm), which could produce enough energy (48 kWh/day each) to make 1 ton of POP per day. With estimated costs and subsidies, the payback period would be approximately 4 years.
3. Dual axis tracked parabolic dishes could also be used, especially for higher temperature applications like fluidized bed calciners which require 250°C thermal oil temperatures. Systems
Production of plaster of paris using solar energyeSAT Journals
Abstract Plaster of Paris (POP) is an important building material. Most of the units producing POP are in small scale sector. These units use wood, coal to calcine gypsum. The average consumption of wood to produce one ton of POP is 300kg. The electrical energy constitutes only 5% while rest is thermal energy. Most of POP units are situated in western Rajasthan. This region has about 300-320 days of clear sun shine. Since thermal energy has major contribution in energy mix, it makes sense to supplement the same with concentrated solar technology. Experiments were conducted to establish feasibility. A commercial parabolic concentrator of 4 sqm was used to calcine small samples (5kg) and the result show great promise. An industrial method of producing POP using commercially available solar concentrator technologies (CST) has been proposed. The payback period is observed to be of the order of 4 years.
Keywords: Gypsum, Plaster of Paris, Solar energy, Scheffler reflector, parabolic concentrator
Performance Evaluation of Dairy Wastewater Treatment PlantIRJET Journal
1) The document analyzes the performance of a dairy wastewater treatment plant in Jaipur, India.
2) It evaluates various water quality parameters (BOD, COD, TSS, oil/grease) at the plant's inlet and outlet to assess the plant's ability to treat wastewater to regulatory standards.
3) The results show that the plant significantly reduces all parameters measured (BOD reduced from 1477 mg/L to 12 mg/L) and meets regulatory limits for treated water discharge.
Treatment of Dairy Wastewater Using Saw dust as a Natural Low Cost AdsorbentIRJET Journal
This document discusses using sawdust activated carbon to treat dairy wastewater. Batch and column adsorption studies were conducted. In batch studies, maximum removal efficiencies of 76%, 72%, 65.8%, 72.9%, 62.9%, and 57.7% were achieved for various parameters at 60g dosage over 60 minutes. In column studies, maximum removal efficiencies of 68.6-55.6%, 64.5-65.4%, 60.7-64.2%, 67.2-64.6%, 53.8-63.3%, and 57.9-65.9% were achieved depending on flow rate (6mL/min) or contact time (60 minutes). Overall
IRJET- Pyrolysis of Polyethylene Waste Material – Analysis and Comparison...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that analyzed the pyrolysis of polyethylene plastic waste to produce pyrolysis oil. The researchers designed and built a simple pyrolysis reactor using common equipment. They pyrolyzed polyethylene plastic at temperatures over 450°C to produce a pyrolysis oil. The oil was then blended with diesel fuel at a 15% oil to 85% diesel ratio. This blended fuel was tested in a Kirloskar engine, and tests found it had similar performance and lower emissions than pure diesel. The researchers concluded that pyrolyzing plastic waste is a viable way to produce fuel and reduce plastic pollution in the environment.
Onel Badro - Production of Acetone by Dehydrogenation of Isopropyl Alcohol Po...Onel Badro
This document presents a poster on producing acetone through the dehydrogenation of isopropyl alcohol. It includes an introduction describing the process and objectives of designing a plant to produce 200 tons per year of acetone. Material and energy balance calculations are shown, along with design details and specifications for the heat exchanger, reactor, distillation columns, and pump used in the process. Safety and economic analyses are also presented. The conclusion discusses applying engineering principles to further study and potentially establish an acetone production plant.
This document discusses methods for recovering solvent mixtures using sodium chloride as an additive. It presents the results of experiments conducted using a rotary evaporator to recover solvents from mixtures as condensate. Adding sodium chloride to the crude mixtures improved the amount of recovered solvent by up to 20% compared to mixtures without sodium chloride. Higher recovery was achieved at higher bath temperatures and evaporator rotation speeds. The addition of sodium chloride reduces the boiling point of mixtures and allows for more efficient solvent recovery that saves energy compared to conventional distillation methods.
A Review on Waste Heat from Sugar Indusrty to Drive Vapour Absorption AC’sIRJET Journal
This document reviews utilizing waste heat from the sugar industry to power vapor absorption air conditioning systems. It first discusses the sugar production process and the large amounts of waste water produced. It then examines absorption cooling as an alternative to vapor compression that can use low-grade waste heat. The literature review explores benefits of waste heat recovery and absorption cooling technology. The methodology section outlines a study of waste water flows and temperatures at a sugar factory in India to determine the potential cooling output from waste heat. The objectives are to power factory AC systems using waste heat and reduce electricity consumption.
PREPARATION OF BRIQUETTE IN AN INNOVATIVE AND COST EFFECTIVE WAY AND ITS TEST...BIBHUTI BHUSAN SAMANTARAY
This research was conducted for a cleaner
densified biomass solid fuel to reduce the dependency on
woodland which is increasingly becoming critical due to
rural cooking. In this paper study was conducted to
determine the optimum mixing ratio of coal dust (CD) to
saw dust (SD) to produce a solid fuel-CSB (Coal Saw
Briquette). Mixing inefficiency shows starch and water are
also required for adequate strength of CSB. Objective of
the study was to investigate PHU, emission analysis and
cost factor. From research, it was concluded that CD to SD
of ratio 70:30 is suitable for production and usability.
Absence of critical particulate emission (like carbon
monoxide) and higher calorific value promotes it as an
alternative sustainable fuel in rural society. CSB not only
reduce the use of wood energy but also decreases the
statistic for premature death due to indoor air pollution
caused from cooking with biomass.
This document summarizes research on generating electricity from biogas. It discusses how biogas is produced from bacteria breaking down organic waste like cow dung. The biogas can then be used to power internal combustion engines or generators to produce electricity. The researchers tested different feedstocks for producing biogas and found that biogas generated from ruhi leaves and bhamburdi leaves with a bacterial solution of water and jaggery produced high quality, flammable methane gas. There is potential to develop technologies to purify the methane and generate affordable, clean electricity from biogas for rural communities.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
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This document describes an exhaust cooker, an invention by Rakesh Chander that uses waste heat from vehicle exhaust to cook food. The exhaust cooker system comprises a flue gas controller, heat exchanger/boiler, and steam pressure cooker connected by silicone tubes. It was installed on a 150cc scooter and produced around 38 psi of steam pressure from the engine exhaust after 8 km, enough to cook 1 kg of rice or heat water. The exhaust cooker is an eco-friendly way to utilize wasted energy and provide food for drivers and vehicle occupants anytime. It has applications for buses, trucks, military vehicles, trains, and generator sets.
To Calculate and Improvement in the Efficiency of FBC BoilerIRJET Journal
This document discusses calculating and improving the efficiency of a fluidized bed combustion (FBC) boiler. It begins with an introduction to FBC boilers and their advantages over traditional firing systems. It then describes the three main types of FBC boilers: atmospheric fluidized bed combustion (AFBC), circulating fluidized bed combustion (CFBC), and pressurized fluidized bed combustion (PFBC).
The document focuses on methods to calculate boiler efficiency, including the direct method using input/output calculations and the indirect method accounting for all heat losses. It provides the specific formulas and step-by-step process for calculating efficiency using the indirect method for an FBC boiler burning Indian lignite coal. The goal is to
Incineration Process for Solid Waste Management and Effective Utilization of ...IRJET Journal
This document discusses municipal solid waste incineration as a management option for solid waste. It describes the incineration process, which involves combusting waste materials to produce heat, flue gases, and ash. The by-products - heat, flue gases containing nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and sulfur dioxide, and ash - can be effectively utilized. Heat can be used to generate electricity, flue gases can be processed to extract elements like sulfur for use in fertilizers and dental treatments, and ash can be used in construction materials. The document also outlines different incineration technologies, plant location considerations, and air pollution control methods used to clean flue gases before emission.
Similar to FEASIBILITY ASSESSMENT OF COW URINE BLENDED WITH PETROL TO REDUCE EMISSIONS (20)
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...IRJET Journal
This study compares the use of Stark Steel and TMT Steel as reinforcement materials in a two-way reinforced concrete slab. Mechanical testing is conducted to determine the tensile strength, yield strength, and other properties of each material. A two-way slab design adhering to codes and standards is executed with both materials. The performance is analyzed in terms of deflection, stability under loads, and displacement. Cost analyses accounting for material, durability, maintenance, and life cycle costs are also conducted. The findings provide insights into the economic and structural implications of each material for reinforcement selection and recommendations on the most suitable material based on the analysis.
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil CharacteristicsIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study analyzing the effect of camber, position of camber, and angle of attack on the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils. Sixteen modified asymmetric NACA airfoils were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by varying the camber, camber position, and angle of attack. The results showed the relationship between these parameters and the lift coefficient, drag coefficient, and lift to drag ratio. This provides insight into how changes in airfoil geometry impact aerodynamic performance.
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the progress and challenges of aluminum-based metal matrix composites (MMCs), focusing on their fabrication processes and applications. It discusses how various aluminum MMCs have been developed using reinforcements like borides, carbides, oxides, and nitrides to improve mechanical and wear properties. These composites have gained prominence for their lightweight, high-strength and corrosion resistance properties. The document also examines recent advancements in fabrication techniques for aluminum MMCs and their growing applications in industries such as aerospace and automotive. However, it notes that challenges remain around issues like improper mixing of reinforcements and reducing reinforcement agglomeration.
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on using graph neural networks (GNNs) for dynamic optimization of public transportation networks in real-time. GNNs represent transit networks as graphs with nodes as stops and edges as connections. The GNN model aims to optimize networks using real-time data on vehicle locations, arrival times, and passenger loads. This helps increase mobility, decrease traffic, and improve efficiency. The system continuously trains and infers to adapt to changing transit conditions, providing decision support tools. While research has focused on performance, more work is needed on security, socio-economic impacts, contextual generalization of models, continuous learning approaches, and effective real-time visualization.
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research project that aims to compare the structural performance of conventional slab and grid slab systems in multi-story buildings using ETABS software. The study will analyze both symmetric and asymmetric building models under various loading conditions. Parameters like deflections, moments, shears, and stresses will be examined to evaluate the structural effectiveness of each slab type. The results will provide insights into the comparative behavior of conventional and grid slabs to help engineers and architects select appropriate slab systems based on building layouts and design requirements.
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes and reviews a research paper on the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with plan and vertical irregularities, with and without infill walls. It discusses how infill walls can improve or reduce the seismic performance of RC buildings, depending on factors like wall layout, height distribution, connection to the frame, and relative stiffness of walls and frames. The reviewed research paper analyzes the behavior of infill walls, effects of vertical irregularities, and seismic performance of high-rise structures under linear static and dynamic analysis. It studies response characteristics like story drift, deflection and shear. The document also provides literature on similar research investigating the effects of infill walls, soft stories, plan irregularities, and different
This document provides a review of machine learning techniques used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). It begins with an abstract that summarizes key applications of machine learning in ADAS, including object detection, recognition, and decision-making. The introduction discusses the integration of machine learning in ADAS and how it is transforming vehicle safety. The literature review then examines several research papers on topics like lightweight deep learning models for object detection and lane detection models using image processing. It concludes by discussing challenges and opportunities in the field, such as improving algorithm robustness and adaptability.
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes temperature and precipitation trends in Asosa District, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia from 1993 to 2022 based on data from the local meteorological station. The results show:
1) The average maximum and minimum annual temperatures have generally decreased over time, with maximum temperatures decreasing by a factor of -0.0341 and minimum by -0.0152.
2) Mann-Kendall tests found the decreasing temperature trends to be statistically significant for annual maximum temperatures but not for annual minimum temperatures.
3) Annual precipitation in Asosa District showed a statistically significant increasing trend.
The conclusions recommend development planners account for rising summer precipitation and declining temperatures in
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD ProIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and analysis of pre-engineered building (PEB) framed structures using STAAD Pro software. It provides an overview of PEBs, including that they are designed off-site with building trusses and beams produced in a factory. STAAD Pro is identified as a key tool for modeling, analyzing, and designing PEBs to ensure their performance and safety under various load scenarios. The document outlines modeling structural parts in STAAD Pro, evaluating structural reactions, assigning loads, and following international design codes and standards. In summary, STAAD Pro is used to design and analyze PEB framed structures to ensure safety and code compliance.
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on innovative fiber integration methods for reinforcing concrete structures. It discusses studies that have explored using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with recycled plastic aggregates to develop more sustainable strengthening techniques. It also examines using ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete to improve shear strength in beams. Additional topics covered include the dynamic responses of FRP-strengthened beams under static and impact loads, and the performance of preloaded CFRP-strengthened fiber reinforced concrete beams. The review highlights the potential of fiber composites to enable more sustainable and resilient construction practices.
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a survey on securing patient healthcare data in cloud-based systems. It discusses using technologies like facial recognition, smart cards, and cloud computing combined with strong encryption to securely store patient data. The survey found that healthcare professionals believe digitizing patient records and storing them in a centralized cloud system would improve access during emergencies and enable more efficient care compared to paper-based systems. However, ensuring privacy and security of patient data is paramount as healthcare incorporates these digital technologies.
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridgesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes several studies that have been conducted on widening existing concrete bridges. It describes a study from China that examined load distribution factors for a bridge widened with composite steel-concrete girders. It also outlines challenges and solutions for widening a bridge in the UAE, including replacing bearings and stitching the new and existing structures. Additionally, it discusses two bridge widening projects in New Zealand that involved adding precast beams and stitching to connect structures. Finally, safety measures and challenges for strengthening a historic bridge in Switzerland under live traffic are presented.
React based fullstack edtech web applicationIRJET Journal
The document describes the architecture of an educational technology web application built using the MERN stack. It discusses the frontend developed with ReactJS, backend with NodeJS and ExpressJS, and MongoDB database. The frontend provides dynamic user interfaces, while the backend offers APIs for authentication, course management, and other functions. MongoDB enables flexible data storage. The architecture aims to provide a scalable, responsive platform for online learning.
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...IRJET Journal
This paper proposes integrating Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologies to help implement objectives of India's National Education Policy (NEP) in the education sector. The paper discusses how blockchain could be used for secure student data management, credential verification, and decentralized learning platforms. IoT devices could create smart classrooms, automate attendance tracking, and enable real-time monitoring. Blockchain would ensure integrity of exam processes and resource allocation, while smart contracts automate agreements. The paper argues this integration has potential to revolutionize education by making it more secure, transparent and efficient, in alignment with NEP goals. However, challenges like infrastructure needs, data privacy, and collaborative efforts are also discussed.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on the performance of coconut fibre reinforced concrete. It summarizes several studies that tested different volume fractions and lengths of coconut fibres in concrete mixtures with varying compressive strengths. The studies found that coconut fibre improved properties like tensile strength, toughness, crack resistance, and spalling resistance compared to plain concrete. Volume fractions of 2-5% and fibre lengths of 20-50mm produced the best results. The document concludes that using a 4-5% volume fraction of coconut fibres 30-40mm in length with M30-M60 grade concrete would provide benefits based on previous research.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...IRJET Journal
The document discusses optimizing business management processes through automation using Microsoft Power Automate and artificial intelligence. It provides an overview of Power Automate's key components and features for automating workflows across various apps and services. The document then presents several scenarios applying automation solutions to common business processes like data entry, monitoring, HR, finance, customer support, and more. It estimates the potential time and cost savings from implementing automation for each scenario. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes the transformative impact of AI and automation tools on business processes and the need for ongoing optimization.
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic DesignIRJET Journal
The document describes the seismic design of a G+5 steel building frame located in Roorkee, India according to Indian codes IS 1893-2002 and IS 800. The frame was analyzed using the equivalent static load method and response spectrum method, and its response in terms of displacements and shear forces were compared. Based on the analysis, the frame was designed as a seismic-resistant steel structure according to IS 800:2007. The software STAAD Pro was used for the analysis and design.
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...IRJET Journal
This research paper explores using plastic waste as a sustainable and cost-effective construction material. The study focuses on manufacturing pavers and bricks using recycled plastic and partially replacing concrete with plastic alternatives. Initial results found that pavers and bricks made from recycled plastic demonstrate comparable strength and durability to traditional materials while providing environmental and cost benefits. Additionally, preliminary research indicates incorporating plastic waste as a partial concrete replacement significantly reduces construction costs without compromising structural integrity. The outcomes suggest adopting plastic waste in construction can address plastic pollution while optimizing costs, promoting more sustainable building practices.
Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024Sinan KOZAK
Sinan from the Delivery Hero mobile infrastructure engineering team shares a deep dive into performance acceleration with Gradle build cache optimizations. Sinan shares their journey into solving complex build-cache problems that affect Gradle builds. By understanding the challenges and solutions found in our journey, we aim to demonstrate the possibilities for faster builds. The case study reveals how overlapping outputs and cache misconfigurations led to significant increases in build times, especially as the project scaled up with numerous modules using Paparazzi tests. The journey from diagnosing to defeating cache issues offers invaluable lessons on maintaining cache integrity without sacrificing functionality.
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning an...gerogepatton
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Applications (NLAIM 2024) offers a premier global platform for exchanging insights and findings in the theory, methodology, and applications of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their applications. The conference seeks substantial contributions across all key domains of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their practical applications, aiming to foster both theoretical advancements and real-world implementations. With a focus on facilitating collaboration between researchers and practitioners from academia and industry, the conference serves as a nexus for sharing the latest developments in the field.
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...bijceesjournal
The aquaponic system of planting is a method that does not require soil usage. It is a method that only needs water, fish, lava rocks (a substitute for soil), and plants. Aquaponic systems are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Its use not only helps to plant in small spaces but also helps reduce artificial chemical use and minimizes excess water use, as aquaponics consumes 90% less water than soil-based gardening. The study applied a descriptive and experimental design to assess and compare conventional and reconstructed aquaponic methods for reproducing tomatoes. The researchers created an observation checklist to determine the significant factors of the study. The study aims to determine the significant difference between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquaponics systems propagating tomatoes in terms of height, weight, girth, and number of fruits. The reconstructed aquaponics system’s higher growth yield results in a much more nourished crop than the traditional aquaponics system. It is superior in its number of fruits, height, weight, and girth measurement. Moreover, the reconstructed aquaponics system is proven to eliminate all the hindrances present in the traditional aquaponics system, which are overcrowding of fish, algae growth, pest problems, contaminated water, and dead fish.
Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapte...University of Maribor
Slides from talk presenting:
Aleš Zamuda: Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapter and Networking.
Presentation at IcETRAN 2024 session:
"Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS
Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation"
IEEE Slovenia GRSS
IEEE Serbia and Montenegro MTT-S
IEEE Slovenia CIS
11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL, ELECTRONIC AND COMPUTING ENGINEERING
3-6 June 2024, Niš, Serbia
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMSIJNSA Journal
The smart irrigation system represents an innovative approach to optimize water usage in agricultural and landscaping practices. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, including sensors, actuators, and data analysis, empowers this system to provide accurate monitoring and control of irrigation processes by leveraging real-time environmental conditions. The main objective of a smart irrigation system is to optimize water efficiency, minimize expenses, and foster the adoption of sustainable water management methods. This paper conducts a systematic risk assessment by exploring the key components/assets and their functionalities in the smart irrigation system. The crucial role of sensors in gathering data on soil moisture, weather patterns, and plant well-being is emphasized in this system. These sensors enable intelligent decision-making in irrigation scheduling and water distribution, leading to enhanced water efficiency and sustainable water management practices. Actuators enable automated control of irrigation devices, ensuring precise and targeted water delivery to plants. Additionally, the paper addresses the potential threat and vulnerabilities associated with smart irrigation systems. It discusses limitations of the system, such as power constraints and computational capabilities, and calculates the potential security risks. The paper suggests possible risk treatment methods for effective secure system operation. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the significant benefits of implementing smart irrigation systems, including improved water conservation, increased crop yield, and reduced environmental impact. Additionally, based on the security analysis conducted, the paper recommends the implementation of countermeasures and security approaches to address vulnerabilities and ensure the integrity and reliability of the system. By incorporating these measures, smart irrigation technology can revolutionize water management practices in agriculture, promoting sustainability, resource efficiency, and safeguarding against potential security threats.