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SHORT-EARED OWL NORTHERN HARRIER
Endangered in Pennsylvania Threatened in Pennsylvania
AMERICAN KESTREL BARN OWL
Populations declining
in Eastern North
America
Declining in
Pennsylvania
1984-1989
(220 blocks)
2004-2008
(117 Blocks)
PA BREEDING BIRD ATLAS MAPS
American Kestrel Migration Counts
at Hawk Mountain Sanctuary, 1966-2010
1990s: 637 birds annually
2000s: 462 birds annually 27% Decline
1974-2004
-1.6% per yr
1994-2004
-4.8% per yr
Linear trend (1966-2010): -1.34%/year, p=.0000
 Linear trend: -1.5%/year, p=.0000
Similar decline to kestrel
30
50
70
90
110
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
Pairs of American Kestrels Breeding in
Hawk Mountain Nest Boxes
1992-2007
Reasons for Decline
Loss of habitat
Conversion of hayfields to row crops
GMO-Row crops ?
Development
Tree Cavities….. Historically
where Barn Owls and American
Kestrels nested
Loss of Nesting Sites
Removal of dead trees
…now Barn Owls
are more
associated with
nesting in barns
and silos than
trees.
Pesticide/Rodenticide Use
• Reduction of insect and rodent prey
• Secondary Poisoning (e.g., brodifacoum)
• Bioaccumulation of chemicals
Habitat Fragmentation
• Forcing the use of sub-par habitat
• increased predation by forest hawks and owls
They prey upon
common farm
pests like insects,
mice and voles.
A family of Barn Owls can consume up to 3,000
rodents in one breeding season
Joint effort of:
• Hawk Mountain Sanctuary
• Pa Wild Resource Conservation
• Program & cooperating
• with Penn. Game Commission
Goal = Reach out to landowners to:
• Enlist their help in locating the nests of four raptor
species of concern:
 American Kestrel, Northern Harrier, Short-eared Owl,
Barn Owl
• Encourage farmland owners to join the effort to
conserve these raptors
Red = Breeding - Blue = Wintering - White = Migration
New web pages and brochures
Contacted birdwatchers to
report nesting season sightings
Gave programs at Agriculture Meetings,
Fairs, Farm Show
Press releases, articles, interviews, etc.
Began working with state diversity
biologists & recruited volunteers
200+ landowners or interested people putting
up boxes, reporting sightings, etc.
Look for farmland raptors on your property
Report your sightings!
 Fill out the form found on the back of the
Farmland Raptor Project Brochure and mail
to Hawk Mountain Sanctuary
 Or fill out the online form at our website:
www.hawkmountain.org/farmlandraptors
 For information contact:
 Dr. Laurie Goodrich
Senior Monitoring Biologist
goodrich@hawkmtn.org
570-943-3411 ext. 106
BARN OWL BOXAMERICAN KESTREL BOX
Report their locations to Hawk Mountain Sanctuary
• Mount on barns, silos, trees or
poles
• A minimum of 15 feet high
• Entrance facing large open fields
• Can be mounted inside with
entrance cut in outside wall
• Mount on barns, trees, or posts
• 8 to 20 feet from the ground
• Entrance facing open area greater than 1 acre
• Place at least 50 yards from wooded areas
 Increase acreage of grass, hay, or pasture
 Participate in programs that provide financial aid for
habitat restoration: CREP, WHIP
DELAY MOWING UNTIL JULY
NORTHERN HARRIER NEST
New second-generation pesticides are LETHAL to
raptors and other wildlife!
Let FARMLAND RAPTORS be your natural pest control
agent! Barn Owls eat hundreds of rodents!
If you must use a rodenticide
use first-generation
rodenticides only.
Contact us with questions or sightings at:
Email: info@hawkmountain.org
Phone: 570-943-3411 x 106
By mail:
Hawk Mountain Farmland Raptor Project
1700 Hawk Mountain Road
Kempton, PA 19529.

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Farmland raptors

  • 1.
  • 2. SHORT-EARED OWL NORTHERN HARRIER Endangered in Pennsylvania Threatened in Pennsylvania
  • 3. AMERICAN KESTREL BARN OWL Populations declining in Eastern North America Declining in Pennsylvania
  • 5. American Kestrel Migration Counts at Hawk Mountain Sanctuary, 1966-2010 1990s: 637 birds annually 2000s: 462 birds annually 27% Decline 1974-2004 -1.6% per yr 1994-2004 -4.8% per yr Linear trend (1966-2010): -1.34%/year, p=.0000
  • 6.  Linear trend: -1.5%/year, p=.0000 Similar decline to kestrel
  • 7. 30 50 70 90 110 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 Pairs of American Kestrels Breeding in Hawk Mountain Nest Boxes 1992-2007
  • 9. Conversion of hayfields to row crops GMO-Row crops ?
  • 11. Tree Cavities….. Historically where Barn Owls and American Kestrels nested Loss of Nesting Sites Removal of dead trees
  • 12. …now Barn Owls are more associated with nesting in barns and silos than trees.
  • 13. Pesticide/Rodenticide Use • Reduction of insect and rodent prey • Secondary Poisoning (e.g., brodifacoum) • Bioaccumulation of chemicals Habitat Fragmentation • Forcing the use of sub-par habitat • increased predation by forest hawks and owls
  • 14. They prey upon common farm pests like insects, mice and voles.
  • 15. A family of Barn Owls can consume up to 3,000 rodents in one breeding season
  • 16. Joint effort of: • Hawk Mountain Sanctuary • Pa Wild Resource Conservation • Program & cooperating • with Penn. Game Commission Goal = Reach out to landowners to: • Enlist their help in locating the nests of four raptor species of concern:  American Kestrel, Northern Harrier, Short-eared Owl, Barn Owl • Encourage farmland owners to join the effort to conserve these raptors
  • 17. Red = Breeding - Blue = Wintering - White = Migration
  • 18.
  • 19. New web pages and brochures Contacted birdwatchers to report nesting season sightings Gave programs at Agriculture Meetings, Fairs, Farm Show Press releases, articles, interviews, etc. Began working with state diversity biologists & recruited volunteers
  • 20. 200+ landowners or interested people putting up boxes, reporting sightings, etc.
  • 21. Look for farmland raptors on your property Report your sightings!
  • 22.  Fill out the form found on the back of the Farmland Raptor Project Brochure and mail to Hawk Mountain Sanctuary  Or fill out the online form at our website: www.hawkmountain.org/farmlandraptors  For information contact:  Dr. Laurie Goodrich Senior Monitoring Biologist goodrich@hawkmtn.org 570-943-3411 ext. 106
  • 23. BARN OWL BOXAMERICAN KESTREL BOX Report their locations to Hawk Mountain Sanctuary
  • 24. • Mount on barns, silos, trees or poles • A minimum of 15 feet high • Entrance facing large open fields • Can be mounted inside with entrance cut in outside wall
  • 25. • Mount on barns, trees, or posts • 8 to 20 feet from the ground • Entrance facing open area greater than 1 acre • Place at least 50 yards from wooded areas
  • 26.  Increase acreage of grass, hay, or pasture  Participate in programs that provide financial aid for habitat restoration: CREP, WHIP
  • 27.
  • 28. DELAY MOWING UNTIL JULY NORTHERN HARRIER NEST
  • 29.
  • 30. New second-generation pesticides are LETHAL to raptors and other wildlife! Let FARMLAND RAPTORS be your natural pest control agent! Barn Owls eat hundreds of rodents! If you must use a rodenticide use first-generation rodenticides only.
  • 31.
  • 32. Contact us with questions or sightings at: Email: info@hawkmountain.org Phone: 570-943-3411 x 106 By mail: Hawk Mountain Farmland Raptor Project 1700 Hawk Mountain Road Kempton, PA 19529.

Editor's Notes

  1. Decrease population and contraction of distribution