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| Claude Jenkins, AWF Land Stewardship Biologist
RESOURCE STEWARDSHIP
Ryan Mitchell, AWF Land Stewardship Biologist |
Quail Habitat Basics
U
nderstanding the relationship between quail
and their environment, and how to carry-out
habitat management in a way that’s consistent
with the behavioral, physiological, and morphological
adaptations of quail are critical to increasing quail
populations. In this article, I included brief descriptions
and photos of multiple plant communities that make-up
the quail’s environment. Successful quail management
requires the provision of all these plant communities;
furthermore, the various plant communities should be
arranged across the managed landscape in a way that is
consistent with the adaptations of quail.
Nesting Habitat
Suitable nesting habitat contains relatively dense, upright native
grasses with bare ground underneath the grass canopy to facilitate
movement and access to food. Quail will construct nests at the base
of native grass clumps, using grass debris from the previous growing
season. Pine needles may be used for constructing nests that are
located in pine forests. Nesting habitat should be mixed with or in
close proximity to brood rearing habitat.
Brood Rearing Habitat
Brood rearing habitat is characterized as an annual forb (weed)
community with an abundance of insects and bare ground that
allows chicks to move along the ground unimpeded to secure
insects. The annual plant community should be tall enough to
provide overhead cover for protection from predators and inclement
weather. Brood rearing habitat should be mixed with or in close
proximity to nesting habitat.
Claude Jenkins, AWF Land Stewardship Biologist
Prescribed fire is used to maintain this native
grassland community for quail.
Rotational strip-disking is used to create and
maintain nesting and brood rearing habitats in
an old field.
A field border is one of several conservation
buffer practices that can be used to create
usable space for quail in an agricultural system.
Prescribed fire is used to maintain suitable
nesting habitat in this post oak-hickory
woodland.
This young, shrubby/woody cutover provides
feeding, winter roosting, and loafing and escape
cover habitats for quail.
Thinning, hardwood removal, and prescribed burn-
ing are techniques that are used to create and
maintain loblolly pine habitat suitable for quail.
ALABAMA WILDLIFE WINTER 20148
WWW.ALABAMAWILDLIFE.ORG 9
If managed properly, right-of-ways can provide
an abundance of food and cover resources for
quail.
A Bermudagrass pasture was converted to a
mixture of native grasses and forbs for quail.
This young longleaf pine plantation provides
year-round habitat for quail.
An annual forb (weed) community produces an
abundance of insects that are essential for the
growth and survival of quail chicks.
Loafing and Escape Cover
Loafing and escape cover are characterized as shrubby/woody
vegetation that provides dense overhead cover and is open at ground
level. Loafing and escape cover are needed year-round and should be
located in close proximity to other habitats. When a covey is flushed,
a patch of shrubby/woody vegetation should be just a short flight
away (approximately 100 yards) to escape predation. Shrubby/woody
vegetation provides protection from inclement weather such as summer
heat, rain, and cold temperatures and wind.
Roosting Habitat
Roosting habitat during periods of mild weather consists of herbaceous
(grassy/weedy) vegetation that is open overhead. Quail will often select
areas with woody vegetation for roosting during periods of cold weather.
Suitable roosting habitat should be located close to feeding areas.
Feeding Areas
Feeding areas provide quail with adequate food resources year-round.
Feeding areas should consist of a diverse community of plants that
includes succulent vegetation, insects, annual forbs (weeds), legumes,
seed producing shrubs, and fruit and seed producing vines. Because
quail are weak scratchers, feeding areas should have very little to no
debris on the ground so quail can locate and access food.

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Quail Habitat Basics

  • 1. | Claude Jenkins, AWF Land Stewardship Biologist RESOURCE STEWARDSHIP Ryan Mitchell, AWF Land Stewardship Biologist | Quail Habitat Basics U nderstanding the relationship between quail and their environment, and how to carry-out habitat management in a way that’s consistent with the behavioral, physiological, and morphological adaptations of quail are critical to increasing quail populations. In this article, I included brief descriptions and photos of multiple plant communities that make-up the quail’s environment. Successful quail management requires the provision of all these plant communities; furthermore, the various plant communities should be arranged across the managed landscape in a way that is consistent with the adaptations of quail. Nesting Habitat Suitable nesting habitat contains relatively dense, upright native grasses with bare ground underneath the grass canopy to facilitate movement and access to food. Quail will construct nests at the base of native grass clumps, using grass debris from the previous growing season. Pine needles may be used for constructing nests that are located in pine forests. Nesting habitat should be mixed with or in close proximity to brood rearing habitat. Brood Rearing Habitat Brood rearing habitat is characterized as an annual forb (weed) community with an abundance of insects and bare ground that allows chicks to move along the ground unimpeded to secure insects. The annual plant community should be tall enough to provide overhead cover for protection from predators and inclement weather. Brood rearing habitat should be mixed with or in close proximity to nesting habitat. Claude Jenkins, AWF Land Stewardship Biologist Prescribed fire is used to maintain this native grassland community for quail. Rotational strip-disking is used to create and maintain nesting and brood rearing habitats in an old field. A field border is one of several conservation buffer practices that can be used to create usable space for quail in an agricultural system. Prescribed fire is used to maintain suitable nesting habitat in this post oak-hickory woodland. This young, shrubby/woody cutover provides feeding, winter roosting, and loafing and escape cover habitats for quail. Thinning, hardwood removal, and prescribed burn- ing are techniques that are used to create and maintain loblolly pine habitat suitable for quail. ALABAMA WILDLIFE WINTER 20148
  • 2. WWW.ALABAMAWILDLIFE.ORG 9 If managed properly, right-of-ways can provide an abundance of food and cover resources for quail. A Bermudagrass pasture was converted to a mixture of native grasses and forbs for quail. This young longleaf pine plantation provides year-round habitat for quail. An annual forb (weed) community produces an abundance of insects that are essential for the growth and survival of quail chicks. Loafing and Escape Cover Loafing and escape cover are characterized as shrubby/woody vegetation that provides dense overhead cover and is open at ground level. Loafing and escape cover are needed year-round and should be located in close proximity to other habitats. When a covey is flushed, a patch of shrubby/woody vegetation should be just a short flight away (approximately 100 yards) to escape predation. Shrubby/woody vegetation provides protection from inclement weather such as summer heat, rain, and cold temperatures and wind. Roosting Habitat Roosting habitat during periods of mild weather consists of herbaceous (grassy/weedy) vegetation that is open overhead. Quail will often select areas with woody vegetation for roosting during periods of cold weather. Suitable roosting habitat should be located close to feeding areas. Feeding Areas Feeding areas provide quail with adequate food resources year-round. Feeding areas should consist of a diverse community of plants that includes succulent vegetation, insects, annual forbs (weeds), legumes, seed producing shrubs, and fruit and seed producing vines. Because quail are weak scratchers, feeding areas should have very little to no debris on the ground so quail can locate and access food.