about...Carbon sequestration, Co2 capture technology, types of carbon sequestration, Co2 separation, carbon sources and carbon sinks, benefits of soil sequestration of carbon, conclution.
Climate change impacts on soil health and their mitigation and adaptation str...Rajendra meena
The increasing concentration of greenhouse gases (GHGs) is bringing about major changes to the global environment resulting in global warming, depletion of ozone concentration in the stratosphere, changes in atmospheric moisture and precipitation and enhanced atmospheric deposition. These changes impact several soil processes, which are influence soil health. Soil health refers to the capacity of soil to perform agronomic and environmental functions. A number of physical, chemical and biological characteristics have been proposed as indicators of soil health. Generally, biological processes in soil such as decomposition and storage of organic matter, C and N cycling, microbial and metabolic quotients are likely to be influenced greatly by climate change and have thus high relevance to assess climate change impacts (Allen et al., 2011). Soil organic matter (SOM) exerts a major influence on several soil health indicators and is thus considered a key indicator of soil health. An optimal level of SOM is essential for maintaining soil health and alleviating rising atmospheric CO2 concentration. Elevated CO2 has increased C decay rates generally but in some cases elevated CO2 increases soil C storage (Jastrow et al., 2016). Enhancing the soil organic carbon pool also improves agro-ecosystem resilience, eco-efficiency, and adaptation to climate change. Healthy soils provide the largest store of terrestrial carbon, when managed sustainably; soils can play an important role in climate change mitigation by storing carbon (carbon sequestration) and decreasing greenhouse gas emissions in the atmosphere (Paustian et al., 2016).
Wright et al., (2005) reported that no tillage increase soil organic carbon (SOC) and nitrogen (SON) 11 and 21% in corn and 22 and 12 % in cotton than conventional tillage. Agroforestry system at farmers’ field enhance soil biological activity and amongst trees, P. cineraria based system brought maximum and significant improvement in soil biological activity (Yadav et al ., 2011).
Application of Remote Sensing in AgricultureUTTAM KUMAR
Remote sensing has been found to be a valuable tool in evaluation, monitoring and management of land, water and crop resources. The launching of the Indian remote sensing satellite (IRS) has enhanced the capabilities for better utilization of this technology and significant progress has been made in soil and land cover mapping, land degradation studies, monitoring of waste land, assessment of crop conditions crop acreage and production estimates
about...Carbon sequestration, Co2 capture technology, types of carbon sequestration, Co2 separation, carbon sources and carbon sinks, benefits of soil sequestration of carbon, conclution.
Climate change impacts on soil health and their mitigation and adaptation str...Rajendra meena
The increasing concentration of greenhouse gases (GHGs) is bringing about major changes to the global environment resulting in global warming, depletion of ozone concentration in the stratosphere, changes in atmospheric moisture and precipitation and enhanced atmospheric deposition. These changes impact several soil processes, which are influence soil health. Soil health refers to the capacity of soil to perform agronomic and environmental functions. A number of physical, chemical and biological characteristics have been proposed as indicators of soil health. Generally, biological processes in soil such as decomposition and storage of organic matter, C and N cycling, microbial and metabolic quotients are likely to be influenced greatly by climate change and have thus high relevance to assess climate change impacts (Allen et al., 2011). Soil organic matter (SOM) exerts a major influence on several soil health indicators and is thus considered a key indicator of soil health. An optimal level of SOM is essential for maintaining soil health and alleviating rising atmospheric CO2 concentration. Elevated CO2 has increased C decay rates generally but in some cases elevated CO2 increases soil C storage (Jastrow et al., 2016). Enhancing the soil organic carbon pool also improves agro-ecosystem resilience, eco-efficiency, and adaptation to climate change. Healthy soils provide the largest store of terrestrial carbon, when managed sustainably; soils can play an important role in climate change mitigation by storing carbon (carbon sequestration) and decreasing greenhouse gas emissions in the atmosphere (Paustian et al., 2016).
Wright et al., (2005) reported that no tillage increase soil organic carbon (SOC) and nitrogen (SON) 11 and 21% in corn and 22 and 12 % in cotton than conventional tillage. Agroforestry system at farmers’ field enhance soil biological activity and amongst trees, P. cineraria based system brought maximum and significant improvement in soil biological activity (Yadav et al ., 2011).
Application of Remote Sensing in AgricultureUTTAM KUMAR
Remote sensing has been found to be a valuable tool in evaluation, monitoring and management of land, water and crop resources. The launching of the Indian remote sensing satellite (IRS) has enhanced the capabilities for better utilization of this technology and significant progress has been made in soil and land cover mapping, land degradation studies, monitoring of waste land, assessment of crop conditions crop acreage and production estimates
Soil management strategies to enhance carbon sequestration potential of degra...koushalya T.N
Reclamation of degraded lands has huge potential for carbon (C) sequestration to counteract the climate change. It was estimated that about 1,964 Mha of land is degraded worldwide and in India 146.8 Mha of land is degraded ( Bai et al., 2008). The major land-degradation processes in the World and in Asia are water erosion, wind erosion, salinity, alkalinity, nutrient depletion and metal pollution. Enrichment of soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks through sequestration of atmospheric CO2 in agricultural soils and degraded lands is important because of its impacts on improving soil quality and agronomic production, and also for adaptation to mitigation of climate change. Various management strategies like conservation agriculture, integrated nutrient management, afforestation, alternate land use, plantations and amendments and use of biochar hold promise for long-term C sequestration. It can be concluded that land degradation is a serious problem in India which need to be tackled because shrinking of land resource base will lead to a substantial decline in food grain production which in turn would hamper the economic growth rate and there would also be unprecedented increase in mortality rate owing to hunger and malnutrition.
The portion of a plant left in the field after harvest of the crop that is (straw, stalks, stems, leaves, roots) not used domestically or sold commercially”. The non – economical plant parts that are left in the field after harvest and remains that are generated from packing sheds or that are discarded during crop processing. Organic recycling has to play a key role in achieving sustainability in agricultural production. Multipurpose uses of crop residue include, but are not limited to, animal feeding, soil mulching, bio-manure, thatching of rural homes and fuel for domestic and industrial use. Thus, crop residues are of tremendous value to the farmers. Crop residue benefit the soil physically, chemically as well as biologically.
In order to make the best use of the agricultural waste which is generated in our farm. There are some techniques and methods to make the best use of these wastes into a source of nutrient for plant growth and development.
To achieve sustainable agricultural production it is imperative to explore alternative integrated soil and nutrient management systems with minimum environmental degradation. Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) aims at maintenance or adjustment of soil fertility and plant nutrient supply to an optimum level for sustaining the desired crop productivity through optimization of benefit from all possible sources of plant nutrients in an integrated manner (Roy and Ange, 1991). Continuous and imbalanced use of fertilizers under intensive agricultural cultivation had adverse impact on the soil. Use of bio and organic fertilizers and adherence to ecofriendly land management practice enhances crop production and sustains soil fertility (Sailaja and Usha, 2002). Keeping these in view, INM practice is seen as a viable option in restoring the soil physical structure and chemical fertility, improving soil organic C and therefore, sustaining the system productivity. Sources such as nitrogen fixers, phosphate solubilizers, mycorrhize and other beneficial organisms contribute to enhance efficient uptake of plant nutrients (Gupta et al., 2003).
INM tries to reduce the need for chemical fertilizers by taking advantages of non-chemical sources of nutrients such as the manures, composts and bio-fertilizers (Gopalasundaram et al., 2012). Bio-fertilizers application not only increases plants growth and yield, but increase soil microbial population and activity; resulting in improved soil fertility (Ramesh et al., 2014). They include free-living bacteria which promote plant growth even in polluted soils. Azospirillum, Azotobacter, Pseudomonas, Bacillus and Thiobacillus are examples of these bacteria (Zahir et al., 2004). Niess (2002) reported that plant growth promoting bacteria reduced the toxicity of heavy metals and increased plant growth and yield.
Apart from this, agroforestry interventions through integration of suitable trees, soil improvement through cover cropping, soil and water conservation measures etc can be potential INM strategies that can be practiced to sustain yield, minimize risk, utilize the lag phase, and improve productivity (Rao, 2000). The success of INM depends on the judicious use of the right combination of INM component suitable for a particular land use system.
Effect of climate change on crop pest interactionversha kumari
Climate change also disrupts and alters the distribution of pests and diseases, which poses a threat to agriculture. Climate change will also modify host physiology and resistance, and alter the stages and rates of the development of pests. IPM provide enough flexibility by which we will able to deal with many of the pests.
Innovation holds the key to remain competitive in this era of globalization. With resources dwindling and competition increasing, it is now crucial to develop an ecosystem for nurturing innovations in farming and scientific community. The session will explore the factors which are needed for encouraging innovations and identify key success parameters that can enhance innovation in the Indian context.
Soil management strategies to enhance carbon sequestration potential of degra...koushalya T.N
Reclamation of degraded lands has huge potential for carbon (C) sequestration to counteract the climate change. It was estimated that about 1,964 Mha of land is degraded worldwide and in India 146.8 Mha of land is degraded ( Bai et al., 2008). The major land-degradation processes in the World and in Asia are water erosion, wind erosion, salinity, alkalinity, nutrient depletion and metal pollution. Enrichment of soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks through sequestration of atmospheric CO2 in agricultural soils and degraded lands is important because of its impacts on improving soil quality and agronomic production, and also for adaptation to mitigation of climate change. Various management strategies like conservation agriculture, integrated nutrient management, afforestation, alternate land use, plantations and amendments and use of biochar hold promise for long-term C sequestration. It can be concluded that land degradation is a serious problem in India which need to be tackled because shrinking of land resource base will lead to a substantial decline in food grain production which in turn would hamper the economic growth rate and there would also be unprecedented increase in mortality rate owing to hunger and malnutrition.
The portion of a plant left in the field after harvest of the crop that is (straw, stalks, stems, leaves, roots) not used domestically or sold commercially”. The non – economical plant parts that are left in the field after harvest and remains that are generated from packing sheds or that are discarded during crop processing. Organic recycling has to play a key role in achieving sustainability in agricultural production. Multipurpose uses of crop residue include, but are not limited to, animal feeding, soil mulching, bio-manure, thatching of rural homes and fuel for domestic and industrial use. Thus, crop residues are of tremendous value to the farmers. Crop residue benefit the soil physically, chemically as well as biologically.
In order to make the best use of the agricultural waste which is generated in our farm. There are some techniques and methods to make the best use of these wastes into a source of nutrient for plant growth and development.
To achieve sustainable agricultural production it is imperative to explore alternative integrated soil and nutrient management systems with minimum environmental degradation. Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) aims at maintenance or adjustment of soil fertility and plant nutrient supply to an optimum level for sustaining the desired crop productivity through optimization of benefit from all possible sources of plant nutrients in an integrated manner (Roy and Ange, 1991). Continuous and imbalanced use of fertilizers under intensive agricultural cultivation had adverse impact on the soil. Use of bio and organic fertilizers and adherence to ecofriendly land management practice enhances crop production and sustains soil fertility (Sailaja and Usha, 2002). Keeping these in view, INM practice is seen as a viable option in restoring the soil physical structure and chemical fertility, improving soil organic C and therefore, sustaining the system productivity. Sources such as nitrogen fixers, phosphate solubilizers, mycorrhize and other beneficial organisms contribute to enhance efficient uptake of plant nutrients (Gupta et al., 2003).
INM tries to reduce the need for chemical fertilizers by taking advantages of non-chemical sources of nutrients such as the manures, composts and bio-fertilizers (Gopalasundaram et al., 2012). Bio-fertilizers application not only increases plants growth and yield, but increase soil microbial population and activity; resulting in improved soil fertility (Ramesh et al., 2014). They include free-living bacteria which promote plant growth even in polluted soils. Azospirillum, Azotobacter, Pseudomonas, Bacillus and Thiobacillus are examples of these bacteria (Zahir et al., 2004). Niess (2002) reported that plant growth promoting bacteria reduced the toxicity of heavy metals and increased plant growth and yield.
Apart from this, agroforestry interventions through integration of suitable trees, soil improvement through cover cropping, soil and water conservation measures etc can be potential INM strategies that can be practiced to sustain yield, minimize risk, utilize the lag phase, and improve productivity (Rao, 2000). The success of INM depends on the judicious use of the right combination of INM component suitable for a particular land use system.
Effect of climate change on crop pest interactionversha kumari
Climate change also disrupts and alters the distribution of pests and diseases, which poses a threat to agriculture. Climate change will also modify host physiology and resistance, and alter the stages and rates of the development of pests. IPM provide enough flexibility by which we will able to deal with many of the pests.
Innovation holds the key to remain competitive in this era of globalization. With resources dwindling and competition increasing, it is now crucial to develop an ecosystem for nurturing innovations in farming and scientific community. The session will explore the factors which are needed for encouraging innovations and identify key success parameters that can enhance innovation in the Indian context.
Controlled-release fertilizer is one method to reduce the rate of loss due to leaching of fertilizer from the soil by rain or irrigation water. One agent that can be used for this controlled-release fertilizer is a polymer material that is coated on NPK fertilizer. Coating polymer material used for NPK fertilizer is a mixture of starch, acrylamide, PVA and chitosan that formulated and irradiated at a dose of 20 kGy. The purpose of this study is to get the best ratio of coating materials and NPK fertilizers which made with pelletizer machine. NPK fertilizer mashed and mixed with a polymer coating materials with a ratio of coating material / NPK; 1/9, 2/8 and 3/7.. The results obtained were the largest pellet output capacity is 4.28 g / min by using ratio of the coating material and NPK fertilizer of 1/9 and the greatest durability value is 87.1%. at ratio of 3/7 . NPK fertilizer which coated with a coating of polymer materials and fertilizers with ratio of 1/ 9, 2/8 and 3/7 the results shows on the release of NPK is not so difference.
COATING EFFECT OF CHITOSAN IRRADIATION ON PERFORMANCE OF STRAWBERRIES (Fragaria x ananassa Duchesne). Strawberry is a horticultural product which has high economic value,however, strawberries are easily damaged. Therefore, required proper post harvest handling in extend the shelf life of strawberries, one of them is the edible coating technique using chitosan. The purpose of this research was to extend the shelf life of strawberries coated with irradiated chitosan. Chitosan is irradiatiated at a dose of 0 kGy, 5 kGy, and 10 kGy, and then characterized. Observations were carried on for five days at room temperature including: the testing of the performance of the fruit that was observed visually and analysis of fruit weight loss. The results showed that the performance of strawberries is coating with irradiated chitosan of 10 kGy is still good. The percentage of weight loss strawberries coated with irradiated chitosan smaller than the strawberries without coating with chitosan (control). Strawberries coated with irradiated chitosan has a shelf life and weight loss better than control.
Keywords : chitosan, irradiation, strawberry, Fragaria x ananassa Duchesne, shelf life.
PELAPISAN KITOSAN IRADIASI TERHADAP PENAMPILAN BUAH STRAWBERI (Fragaria x ananassa Duchesne). Strawberi merupakan produk hortikultura yang memiliki nilai ekonomi tinggi, namun strawberi mudah rusak. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan penanganan pasca panen yang tepat dalam memperpanjang masa simpan buah strawberi, salah satunya dengan teknik edible coating menggunakan kitosan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk memperpanjang masa simpan buah strawberi yang dilapisi kitosan iradiasi pada penyimpanan suhu ruang. Kitosan diiradiasi dengan dosis 0 kGy, 5 kGy dan 10 kGy, Pengamatan dilakukan selama 5 hari pada suhu kamar meliputi: penampilan buah yang diamati secara visual dan analisis susut bobot buah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan buah strawberi yang penampilan masih baik yaitu pada pelapisan buah dengan kitosan iradiasi 10 kGy. Buah strawberi yang dilapisi kitosan iradiasi memiliki persentasi susut bobot yang lebih baik dibandingkan buah kontrol.
Ethylene is a very important plant hormone and it plays a significant role in the post harvest life of fresh produce. Sometimes being positive and sometimes not. The damage resulting from ethylene exposure could easily be minimized if there was a greater awareness of the potential harm and the simple measures that can be used to prevent damage.
Presented at the Pulses for Sustainable Agriculture and Human Health” on 31 May-1 June 2016 at NASC, New Delhi, India. The conference was jointly organised by the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), National Academy of Agricultural Sciences (NAAS), TCi of Cornell University (TCi-CU) and Agriculture Today.
Presented by: Norman Uphoff, CIIFAD, Cornell University, USA
Presented at: 12th European Rice Millers Convention. Venice
Presented on: September 18, 2009
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and GrafanaRTTS
Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application.
In this webinar, we will review the benefits of leveraging InfluxDB and Grafana when executing load tests and demonstrate how these tools are used to visualize performance metrics.
Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview
-------------------------------------------
During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana:
- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
- Which features are provided by Grafana?
- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
To view the webinar recording, go to:
https://www.rttsweb.com/jmeter-integration-webinar
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
Elevating Tactical DDD Patterns Through Object CalisthenicsDorra BARTAGUIZ
After immersing yourself in the blue book and its red counterpart, attending DDD-focused conferences, and applying tactical patterns, you're left with a crucial question: How do I ensure my design is effective? Tactical patterns within Domain-Driven Design (DDD) serve as guiding principles for creating clear and manageable domain models. However, achieving success with these patterns requires additional guidance. Interestingly, we've observed that a set of constraints initially designed for training purposes remarkably aligns with effective pattern implementation, offering a more ‘mechanical’ approach. Let's explore together how Object Calisthenics can elevate the design of your tactical DDD patterns, offering concrete help for those venturing into DDD for the first time!
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered QualityInflectra
In this insightful webinar, Inflectra explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming software development and testing. Discover how AI-powered tools are revolutionizing every stage of the software development lifecycle (SDLC), from design and prototyping to testing, deployment, and monitoring.
Learn about:
• The Future of Testing: How AI is shifting testing towards verification, analysis, and higher-level skills, while reducing repetitive tasks.
• Test Automation: How AI-powered test case generation, optimization, and self-healing tests are making testing more efficient and effective.
• Visual Testing: Explore the emerging capabilities of AI in visual testing and how it's set to revolutionize UI verification.
• Inflectra's AI Solutions: See demonstrations of Inflectra's cutting-edge AI tools like the ChatGPT plugin and Azure Open AI platform, designed to streamline your testing process.
Whether you're a developer, tester, or QA professional, this webinar will give you valuable insights into how AI is shaping the future of software delivery.
Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered Quality
Farmers novel herbal hydrogel coating seed tech
1. NOVEL
HERBAL HYDROGEL
COATING SEED
TECH. IN CROPS
FOR :-
-AGRI. SUSTAINABILITY
-RESILIENCE TO CLIMATE VARIABILTY
-WATER CONSERVATION
-FARMER FRIENDLY WEEDS CONTROL
Dr VIRENDER SINGH LATHER
ICAR-IARI,REGIONAL STATION
KARNAL-132001, Haryana
2. HYDROGELS / Super Absorbent Polymers ?
Hydrophilic Polymers:WHC many times(g/g)
(minimum H2o absorption : 30 times)
SOURCES OF HYDROGEL
Natural:Plant raisin Herbal Gum Katira etc.
Organic: XANTHAN GUM produced by bacteria
Semi synthetic Polymers: Pusa Hydrogel etc.
Majority Synthetic polymers: PAM/Poly vinyl-alcohol
Regularly used: emulsifier-additive in food-medicine
Multi-billion dollar Food- Pharma industry since ages
In INDIA , Introduced for Agri uses in 1980’s
BUT, NOT ADOPTED BY FARMERS IN AGRI.CROPS
3. HYDROGEL : PROVE AS MIRACLE TECH. FOR AGRI.
BENEFITS OF HYDROGELS IN AGRI: GLOBALLY DOCMENTED
• DELAY THE WILTING OF PLANT UNDER MOISTURE STRESS REGIME
• Increase water use efficiency, permeability- WHC of soils,
• Reduce irrigation frequency by control erosion-runoff.
• Help plant to perform better under moisture stress environments
ICAR-MOA ALSO DOCUMENTED BENEFITS OF HYDROGELS :
• 10-30 % Yield increased of crops (Potato, wheat etc)
• Saving irrigation Water
• HIGHLY USEFUL Economically with high Profits & B:C ratio: 7:1
Crop / Hydrogel (Kg/ha) (%)Yield increase Irrigation Saved benefit (Rs/ha) * B:C Ratio*
Groundnut: 2.5 kg 12.68 4-5 4,000 1.7:1
Potato(autumn):5 Kg 21.04 4 33,328 6.5:1
Wheat: 2.5 kg 18.23 1-2 4,198 1.8:1
Sugarcane:2.5 kg 13.08 - 8,300 3.5:1
Mustard:2.5 kg 14.3 Rainfed 2,880 1.3:1
(ICAR-DAC Interface Group Meet dt. 30.8.2013) * Pusa Hydrgel @ Rs 1000 / kg price
MAJOR BENEFITS CLAIMED: BUT, FARMERS HAS NOT ADOPTED HYDROGELS
4.
WHY FARMERS THINK HYDROGEL : HOAX TECH ?
HOAX TECH : @ PRESENT RECOMMENDATIONS
HOAX DOSES - 2.5 kg/ha : 2ppm (inert material)
- 2 g HYDROGEL / t. SOILS MASS
- 350 ml WHC / t SOILS @180 g/g
MAGICIAN JOB : MAKING ONE TONNE SOIL MOIST FOR 20 DAYS
BY A GLASS OF WATER
HOAX METHODS : HYDROGEL MIXING in SOILS @ 2g/t. soils
HOAX-PROHIBITIVE PRICE : Rs 2000/kg
SELF CONTRADICTORY DOSES / BENEFITS CLAIMS
ICAR-IARI DOSES : 20,000 kg/ha (Narjary 2012) - 2.5 kg/ha Now
BENEFITS CLAIMED , NOT RELIASED EVEN IN ICAR INSTITUTES
(Meena et al. 2015)
5. GUM KATIRA GUM KARAYA PUSA HYDROGEL
DRY SAP /GUM Astragalus-
Tragacanth sp.
Sterculia Sp. Semi-synthetic Polymer
patented by ICAR -IARI
EU food code E-413 E-416 Can’t use as food item
Local Name /
Patent name
GOND KATIRA,
Tragacanth gum
Sterculia,Bassora
Kullo, Kadaya,
PUSA HYDROGEL
Cost in India Rs 250 /kg ~Rs 100/ kg Rs 2000/ kg
WHC (g/g H20) ~100 times ~80 times Confusing claim (150 - 500 times)
Locally Available India & World India & World Available through MNC
MONOPOLY PRICE- SUPPLY
TO MAKE HYDROGEL USEFUL FOR AGRI USES :
HERBAL HYDROGEL COATED SEED TECH.
(Lather (2015) International . J Tropical Agri.: 33; 1167)
1) IDENTIFICATION OF COST EFFECTIVE HERBAL HYDROGEL
.
TO REDUCED COST : ORGANIC XANTHAN GUM @ Rs 50 /kg
6. 2) DEVELOPMENT OF HYDROGEL COATED SEED TECH
- for efficient delivery of Hydrogel to root zones
Ingredients/ha :
30 kg Rice Seed for DSR
3 kg gum powder Katira gum
200 kg gum Acacia & 200g Jiggery
PROTOCOL
1) Prepare adhesive solution by putting acacia gum+
jiggery in one liter of boiling water for ~20 minutes.
2) Make Rice seed sticky by pouring adhesive solution
after cooling and mixed it well with hand.
3) Mix Hydrogel powder of Katira @ ~10% of seed wt. mixed it with
by hand/rotating drum to sticky seeds
4) Dry the hydrogel coated seed in shade for
6 hr before use
Dry powders of fungicides/insecticides/bio-fertilizer/ micro-
nutrient etc. may also added to the powder of gum Katira
7. SOWING: HERBAL HYDROGEL COATED SEED
Prepare field with lazer leveler fb irrigation
Sowing in Second week June with seed rate of 30 kg seed
/ha by seed drill on wet bed fb immediate application of
2.5 liter/ha Pendimethalin in 500 liter H2O
Delayed first irrigation by 15-21 DAS on the basis of soils
types (Light-loam-Clay)
Apply AWD (Alternate wetting- drying) irrigation cycle of 15
days interval (TWO WEEK ) based on rains and soil types.
If got rain before seed germi., then apply light irrigation to
break the soils crust.
If got rain after 7-14 DAS, then apply Nomieegold+Saathi
for weed control (Bispyribac Sodium 10% SC+ Pyrazosulfuron
Ethyl 10% WP)
8. BENEFITS : HERBAL HYDROGEL COATED SEED
• Eco-Farmers friendly as ingredient are herbal, cost
effective, locally available globally & ITS SIMPLE OPERATIONS
• Efficient hydrogel delivery system with slow depletion –
evaporation of soil moisture around root zone.
• Better germination & root-shoot & Initial seedling growth
• Delay, seedling wilting in moisture stress regime(2-3 weeks)
• Facilitate delaying of first irrigation by 2 weeks in summer &
4 weeks for winter crops which help in suppression of
weeds germination & growth & saving of irrigation water.
• Facilitate AWD(Alternate wetting-drying) irrigation cycle for
less incidences of weed, pests-diseases & better N use efficiency
9. Success Story
PROVE AS GAME CHANGER TECH in RICE-DSR
DSR-HHCS: - NO SEED YIELD PENALTY
• SAVING : WATER- CULTIVATION COST
• ECO-FRIENDLY: USING HERBAL ITEM
• ENV-FRIENDLY: NO RELEASE OF GHG
BETTER ‘N’ USE EFFICIENCY
• BETTER LUSTER & QUALITY OF SEED
• COST EFFECTIVE WEED CONTROL :-
Delayed first irrigation fb Alternate wetting-drying
(AWD) of 2 weeks cycle on the basis of rains frequency
• Less weeds, disease-pest incidences.
DSR – TRADITIONAL
• Heavy weeds infestation: weekly irrig.
• No water saving (~25 irrigation) if rains fail.
• Not adopted by Farmers despite cash
incentives of Rs 8500 / ha by Govt.
11. SUCCESS STORY : DSR- HHCST
NO SEED YIELD PANELTY : EVEN IN DROUGHT YEAR (2015)
SAVED : HALF IRRIGATION WATER & COST OF CULTIVATION
HALF ‘N’ APPLICATION : SHOW BETTER ‘N’ USE EFFICIENCY
NO WEED- BAKANNAE & LESS OTHER DISEASES–PESTS
Mr Gyan Singh Chawala,Karnal): PB 1509
• Seed yield : 21q/acre(5.4 t/ha)
• Only 4 irrigations against 25 IN TP rice
Mr. Gurcharan Singh, Karnal: PB 1509
• Seed yield: 24q/acre(6 t./ha)
• Only 5 irrigations against 25 TP rice
•
12. WHY SUCCESS STORY IN RICE-DSR ?
RICE : TAKEN AS PRIORITY-CHALLENGE CROP
IMPORTANT: Global food security & climate change
• WATER GUZZLING CROP: Need 3000 Liter water/
kg Rice production. (Water submerged farming)
• NOT FARMER FRIENDLY BUT HIGH COST-INPUTS
CROP (Rs 40,000/ha) with BC raio : < 2:1 )
• ENVIRONMENTAL HAZZARD-POLLUTING CROP:-
o Rice accelerate global warming & accounts for 11% out
of 12% total global anthropogenic GHG(CH4) emissions
due to water submerged farming
o DEGRADE GROUNDWATER IN QUALITY & QUANTITY.
HHCST : STRATEGIES FOR MITIGATING CHALLENGES
• ADOPT DSR(Direct Seeding Rice) fb
• Altering water management, such as
• Delayed first irrigation for weed control 15-21 DAS
• Alternate wetting-drying(AWD) of two weeks.
13. HHCS: SUCCESSFUL IN ALL CROPS
• Wheat & Barley (2015-16):
• 150 farmer’s field demonstrations
In Haryana in Collaboration State
admn. in rainfed areas of Gurgaon
& high moisture zone of Karnal
• Weed free crop without post emergence
herbicides & first irrigation at 35-45 DAS
• Saving Half irrigation & Cultivation Cost
14. WHEAT HHCST Farmers Fields Demo., KARNAL
NO WEEDS: PHALARIS MINOR etc.
NO SPRAY : POST EMERGANCE
WEEDICIDES- HERBICIDES
ONLY TWO IRRIGATION : 105 DAYS CROP
WITHOUT HHCST
FULL OF WEEDS (PHALARIS MINOR)
TWO SPRAY: Post emergence herbicide
Four Irrigation till date
15. SUCCESS STORY OF HHCST IN WHEAT
Weed Free Crop without any post emergence
herbicide application & 2-3 irrigations
Variety C-306 Variety HD-3086
16. HHCST PROTOCOLS POSTERS DEVELOPED IN VARIOUS
LANGUAGES FOR THE BENEFITS OF FAMERS & STAKEHOLDERS
17. CONCLUSIONS
GAME CHANGER TECHNOLOGY IN RICE-DSR & other crops
FOR SAVING HALF IRRIGATION & CULTIVATION COST
• Freedom from puddling -Seedling raising & transplating in rice
farming
• FIRST IRRIGATION 21 DAS fb TWO WEEKS ‘AWD’ IRRIG. CYCLE
• WEEDS FREE CROP BY APPLICATION OF Pendimethalin fb DELAYED
• No bakkanae disease & less incidences of others diseases-pests
• NO SEED YIELD PENALITY : DELAYED & REDUCED IRRIGATION
• HIGHER ‘N’ USE EFFICIENCY
COST EFFECTIVE; Rs 100-800/ha@ 15 % hydrogel/kg seed @ crop seed rate
CONTROL OF GLOBAL WARMING : REDUCED RELEASE GHG(CH4)
HHCS Tech: VALUE ADDITION RCT for Saving: Water, Energy, cultivation cost
Ensure: Sustainability of Agri. & Resilience to Climate Changes
18. CONCLUSIONS : HHCS TECH.
NOVEL HERBAL HYDROGEL COATED SEED TECH
WHAT IS HHCST ?
DEVELOPMENT & UTILIZATION OF HERBAL HYDROGEL
COATED SEED FOR AGRI. USES.
WHY HHCST ?
FOR SAVING IRRIGATION WATER
FOR COST EFFECTIVE WEED CONTROL
FOR SAVING ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION
FOR MAKING AGRI. SUSTAINABLE
FOR MAKING AGRI. RESILIENCE TO CLIMATE CHANGES
FINALLY : HHCSTech : FOR MORE CROP PER DROP OF WATER
19. THANKS FOR PROMOTING:
HERBAL HYDROGEL COATED SEED TECH
NOVEL GAME CHANGER TECH
IN AGRI. CROPS
FOR SAVING
WATER,
ENERGY,
LABOR,
CULTIVATION COST,
WEEDS CONTROL ,
MAKING AGRI SUSTAINABLE &
RESILIENCE TO CLIMATE CHANGES
