Mechanization in agriculture refers to the use of machinery in farming operations. Over time, there have been significant advancements in farming techniques from manual labor to steam and gas-powered implements. This has led to a dramatic decrease in the percentage of the U.S. workforce engaged in farming, from 38% in 1900 to just 3% by the end of the 20th century. Tractors and other agricultural machinery provide advantages like substituting for expensive labor and increasing productivity, though they also have disadvantages such as costs and potential health and safety issues. Common farm machinery includes tractors, tillage implements, spraying equipment, harvesters, backhoes, and planters/seeders.

1. Mechanization
in Agriculture

2. Mechanization
 Every machine is constructed for the
purpose of performing certain
mechanical operations, each of which
supposes the existence of two other
things besides the machine in
question, namely, a moving power,
and an object subject to the
operation, which may be termed the
work to be done. Machines, in fact,
are interposed between the power and
the work, for the purpose of adapting
the one to the other.

3. History
AGRICULTURAL MECHANIZATION
 Agricultural Mechanization is machinery used
in the operation of an agricultural area or farm.
 Many advancements in farming techniques and
tools have been manifested since agriculture's
beginnings thousands of years ago. The
greatest strides have occurred in the last three
hundred years.
 A substantial contribution to agriculture has
been the escalation from manual and stock-
animal labor to steam-and then gas-powered
implements.

4.  In 1900 farmers represented 38
percent of the U.S. labor force. By the
end of the century that number had
plunged to 3 percent—dramatic
evidence of the revolution in
agriculture brought about by
mechanization.
 1902 First U.S. factory for tractors

5. Advantages of Mechanization
 Substitute for labour
 Labour is too expensive to do everything
(in developed countries)
 Compensate for labour peaks (i.e.
harvest)
 Labour skills and strengths often
inadequate for large scale production
and materials handling
 Amenity reasons (often repetitive dirty
tasks)
 Attract or retain farm staff
 Increase productivity of farm staff.

6. Disadvantages of
Mechanization
 Redundancy - machinery for labour
substitution
 Cost - finance, fuel etc.
 Often needs highly skilled operator,
increased wages
 Often doesn't live up to expectations
 Health and safety
 Environmental costs

7. Agriculture Mechanization
 Agriculture machinery can be divided
into following groups
 A) Farm machinery
 B) Irrigation Engineering
 C) Drain Engineering

8. Tractor
 A tractor is an engineering
vehicle specifically designed to deliver
a high tractive effort (or torque) at slow
speeds, for the purposes of hauling
a traileror machinery used
in agriculture or construction.
 The word tractor was taken from Latin,
being the agent noun of trahere "to
pull".

9. Tractor configurations
 Tractors can be generally classified
as two-wheel drive, two-wheel drive
with front wheel assist, four-wheel
drive (often with articulated steering),
or track tractors (with either two or four
powered rubber tracks).
A modern 4-wheel drive farm tractor

10. Farm tractor applications
 The farm tractor is used for pulling or
pushing agricultural machinery or
trailers, for plowing, tilling, disking,
harrowing, planting, and similar tasks.

11. Tillage implement
 Tillage is the agricultural preparation
of soil by mechanical agitation of
various types, such as digging,
stirring, and overturning.
 Classification of tillage implements
Primary Tillage implements
Secondary Tillage Implements

12. Primary Tillage implements
 Mould board Plough
 Disc Plough
 Reversible or One-way Plough
SPECIAL PLOUGHS
 Subsoil Plough
 Chisel Plough
 Rotary Plough
 Basin Lister

13. Spraying Equipment
 Hand-operated hydraulic sprayers
(knapsack sprayers)
 Power-operated hydraulic sprayers
(tractor-mounted sprayers)
 Air carrier sprayers (mist blowers)
 Electrodyne sprayers (electrostatic
sprayers)
 Birky sprayers (Birky knapsack sprayers)
 Controlled-droplet application sprayers
 Dusters

14. Harvesting machine
 Combine Harvesting
 The combine harvester, or simply
combine, is a machine that harvests
grain crops. The name derives from its
combining three separate operations
comprising harvesting—
reaping, threshing, and winnowing—
into a single process. Among the
crops harvested with a combine
are wheat, oats, rice, barley,
corn (maize), soybeans and flax (linse
ed).

15. BACKHOE
This farm machinery in agriculture is
backhoe. A backhoe, also called a
rear actor, back actor or JCB, is a
piece of excavating equipment
consisting of a digging bucket on the
end of an articulated arm (also called
a stick or dipper).

16. COMBINE
A combine is a farm machine that
combines the tasks of harvesting
,threshing and cleaning grain plants.

17.  One of farm machinery in agriculture
are planters and seeders. Planters
and seeders are mechanical devices
that automatically plants seeds in the
ground.
PLANTERS AND SEEDERS

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