Mechanization in agriculture

1. Mechanization
in Agriculture
By: Asmat Babar
www.asmatbabar.blogspot.com

2. Mechanization

Every machine is constructed for the
purpose
of
performing
certain
mechanical operations, each of which
supposes the existence of two other
things besides the machine in
question, namely, a moving power,
and an object subject to the
operation, which may be termed the
work to be done. Machines, in fact,
are interposed between the power and
the work, for the purpose of adapting
the one to the other.

3. History
AGRICULTURAL MECHANIZATION
Agricultural Mechanization is machinery used
in the operation of an agricultural area or farm.
 Many advancements in farming techniques and
tools have been manifested since agriculture's
beginnings thousands of years ago. The
greatest strides have occurred in the last three
hundred years.
 A substantial contribution to agriculture has
been the escalation from manual and stockanimal labor to steam-and then gas-powered
implements.


4. In 1900 farmers represented 38
percent of the U.S. labor force. By the
end of the century that number had
plunged to 3 percent—dramatic
evidence of the revolution in
agriculture brought about by
mechanization.
 1902 First U.S. factory for tractors


5. Advantages of Mechanization






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Substitute for labour
Labour is too expensive to do everything
(in developed countries)
Compensate for labour peaks (i.e.
harvest)
Labour skills and strengths often
inadequate for large scale production
and materials handling
Amenity reasons (often repetitive dirty
tasks)
Attract or retain farm staff
Increase productivity of farm staff.

6. Disadvantages of
Mechanization
Redundancy - machinery for labour
substitution
 Cost - finance, fuel etc.
 Often needs highly skilled operator,
increased wages
 Often doesn't live up to expectations
 Health and safety
 Environmental costs


7. Agriculture Mechanization
Agriculture machinery can be divided
into following groups
 A) Farm machinery
 B) Irrigation Engineering
 C) Drain Engineering


8. Tractor
A tractor is an engineering
vehicle specifically designed to deliver
a high tractive effort (or torque) at slow
speeds, for the purposes of hauling
a traileror machinery used
in agriculture or construction.
 The word tractor was taken from Latin,
being the agent noun of trahere "to
pull".


9. Tractor configurations

Tractors can be generally classified
as two-wheel drive, two-wheel drive
with front wheel assist, four-wheel
drive (often with articulated steering),
or track tractors (with either two or four
powered rubber tracks).
A modern 4-wheel drive farm tractor

10. Farm tractor applications

The farm tractor is used for pulling or
pushing agricultural machinery or
trailers, for plowing, tilling, disking,
harrowing, planting, and similar tasks.

11. Tillage implement
Tillage is the agricultural preparation
of soil by mechanical agitation of
various types, such as digging,
stirring, and overturning.
 Classification of tillage implements
Primary Tillage implements
Secondary Tillage Implements


12. Primary Tillage implements
Mould board Plough
 Disc Plough
 Reversible or One-way Plough

SPECIAL PLOUGHS
Subsoil Plough
 Chisel Plough
 Rotary Plough
 Basin Lister


13. Secondary Tillage Implements
Tractor Drawn Cultivator
 Sweep Cultivator
 Harrows
 Disc Harrow
 Blade Harrow
 Indigenous Blade Harrows
 Plank and Roller


14. Planting Methods
Drilling
 Broadcasting
 Aerial Seeding
 No-tillage Planting


15. Spraying Equipment

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Hand-operated hydraulic sprayers
(knapsack sprayers)
Power-operated hydraulic sprayers
(tractor-mounted sprayers)
Air carrier sprayers (mist blowers)
Electrodyne sprayers (electrostatic
sprayers)
Birky sprayers (Birky knapsack sprayers)
Controlled-droplet application sprayers
Dusters

16. Harvesting machine


Combine Harvesting
The combine harvester, or simply
combine, is a machine that harvests
grain crops. The name derives from its
combining three separate operations
comprising harvesting—
reaping, threshing, and winnowing—into
a single process. Among the crops
harvested with a combine
are wheat, oats, rye, barley,corn (maize)
, soybeans and flax (linseed).

17. Irrigation system
Irrigation is the artificial application of
water to the land or soil. It is used to
assist in the growing of agricultural
crops,
maintenance
oflandscapes,
and revegetation of disturbed soils in dry
areas and during periods of inadequate
rainfall. Additionally, irrigation also has a
few other uses in crop production, which
include protecting plants against frost,
suppressing weed growing in grain fields
and
helping
in
preventing
soil

18. Types of Irrigation system
Surface
 Localized
 Drip
 Sprinkler
 Rotator style pivot applicator
sprinkler
 Lateral move (side roll, wheel line)
 Sub-irrigation


19. (C) Drainage system

An agricultural drainage system is a
system by which the water level on or
in the soil is controlled to enhance
agricultural crop production.

20. Classification

21. Surface drainage systems
 Subsurface drainage systems
 Main drainage systems
 Main drainage outlet


22. END