A description of how co

1. FAIR USE IN
PUBLISHING
THE BEST PRACTICES
MODEL
Patricia Aufderheide
Peter DeCherney
Peter Jaszi

2. THE PURPOSE OF
COPYRIGH
T

3. ONE PURPOSE :
TO PROMOTE THE
CREATION OF CULTURE

4. By:
• Rewarding creators with
limited monopoly
• Encouraging new makers
to use existing culture

5. WHY BALANCE?
• All culture created on existing
culture (we used to know that)
• The First Amendment (no
censorship)

6. BIGGEST BALANCING
FEATURE:
FAIR USE
legal, unauthorized use of
copyrighted material--under
some circumstances

7. HOW WE FORGOT
BALANCE:
• Copyright term extension
• Default copyright
• Punishing penalties
(statutory damages)

8. GOOD NEWS…
• Judges love
balancing
features
• Supreme Court
upholds term
extension
because fair use
exists
• Fair use judicial
interpretation has
greatly shifted in

9. INTERPRETIN
G
FAIR
USE

10. THE “FOUR FACTORS”
• Reason for the
use
• Kind of work used
• Amount used
• Effect on the
market

11. PLUS…
Custom and practice
of individual creative
communities…
...especially when
well-documented

12. AND, IN THE
LAST 15 YEARS…
Judges focus on
• Transformation
• Amount related
to
transformative
purpose

13. JUDGES ASK:
• Did you transform the
use?
• Did you use the
appropriate amount to
satisfy the
transformative use?

14. FEAR…
• Will I get it wrong?
• Will I get sued?
• Will my boss/general
counsel/client get
angry?

16. BEST PRACTICES

17. COMMUNITIE
S
INTERPRET FAIR
USE:
• Documentary
filmmakers
• Scholars
• Media literacy
teachers
• Artists
• OpenCourseWare

18. DOCUMENTARY

19. RESULTS:
• TV programmers air films
• New kinds of films
• All insurers of errors and
omissions insurance now
accept fair use claims
• Lawyers use the Statement to
build their practices

20. COMMON THEMES:
• Tailored to the specific practice
of the community
• Transformative use
• Appropriate amount

21. COMMUNICATION
SCHOLARS

22. SITUATIONS:
• Analysis, criticism, commentary
• Illustration
• Use of copyrighted material in
experimental research
• Keeping personal archives

23. PUBLISHERS
ACCEPT CLAIMS
• Delli Carpini/Williams book for
Princeton (Newsweek cover)
• Aufderheide book for Oxford
(stills of documentary films)
• University of Chicago, various

24. MEDIA LITERACY
TEACHERS

25. PUBLISHERS
ACCEPT CLAIMS
• Nancy Frey and Doug Fisher use
magazine ad images in Teaching
Visual Literacy, Sage/Corwin
• Renee Hobbs fairly uses screen
shot of nytimes.com in Digital and
Media Literacy, Sage/Corwin
• Peter Gutierrez fairly uses movie
stills from H’wood films in Popular
Culture in Education, Sage/Corwin
• Frank Baker fairly uses pop culture
in
Media Literacy in the K-12

26. OPEN COURSEWARE

27. RESULTS
• University GCs
supportive
• MIT: 31 new courses
in one year
• Previously rejected
for OCW

28. POETS

29. OTHER CODES TO
GUIDE PUBLISHERS
• Visual Resources Assn’s
“Statement of the Fair Use of
Images…”
• Society for Cinema and Media
Studies’ “Statement of Fair Use
Best Practices…for Media
Studies Publishing”

30. QUESTIONS
• Covers
• Blogs v books
• E-books and film clips
• “getting away with it” (hiding
from copyright holders)
• More?

31. FAIR USE:
Practice
Makes
Practice

32. MORE
INFORMATION

33. The codes and much
more (videos!
Presentations! FAQs!)
• Centerforsocialmedia.org/fair-
use

35. CONTACT INFO
Pat Aufderheide
paufder@american.edu
Peter Jaszi
pjaszi@wcl.american.
edu