FACIAL EMOTION RECOGNITION SYSTEM

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 09 Issue: 05 | May 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 3320
FACIAL EMOTION RECOGNITION SYSTEM
Harshit Yadav, Krishna Kr. Ranjan, Apoorv Sakshi, Sakshi Malhotra
Department of Information Technology, Galgotias College of Engineering and Technology, Greater Noida, India
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Abstract - Face Emotionrecognitionplayasignificancerole
in fields like aid, border management, police work, banking
services, and client product. Facial expressions is wideutilized
in social communication since theyconveyheapsofknowledge
regarding folks, like moods, emotions, and alternative things.
during this paper, we tend to review facial feeling recognition
victimisation CNNs and highlight totally different algorithms
and their performance impact. Further, we tend to
demonstrate that utilizing CNNs during this field -endsupina
considerable performance increase. By forming associate
ensemble of recent deep CNNs, we tend to get a FER2013 take
a look at accuracy of 91.2%, outperforming previous works
while not requiring auxiliary coaching knowledge or face
registration.
Key Words: Facial Expression, Confusion Matrix,
Emotion Optimizer, Haarcascade classifier
1. INTRODUCTION
Face recognition play a significance role in fields like aid,
border management, police work, banking services, and
client product. A facial features is one or a lot of motions or
positions of the muscles to a lower place the skin of the face.
in step with one set of controversial theories, these
movements convey the emotion of a private to observers.
Facial expressions are a sort of nonverbal communication.
owing to its various applications in computing, like human-
computer cooperation, data-driven animation, and human-
robot communication, sleuthing feeling from facial features
can become a pressing demand. it's additionally utilized in
lie detectors, robotics, and arts. The projected analysis of
facial features Recognition through Convolution Neural
Network (CNN) is to classify human faces supported
emotions. With this in mind, 3 models supported AlexNet,
VGG19, and ResNet50 are used to train with the FER2013
dataset. The best model among the 3 is additional optimized
and evaluated. Among all the datasets being employed for
this task FER2013[1] has all-time low coaching and testing
accuracy.
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
In recent years, facial feeling recognition has become a hot
focus of analysis. to spot feeling from faces, most of the
people utilize laptop vision, machine learning, or deep
learning technologies. This study [1] provides a quick
summary of FER analysis done over the previous few
decades. the normal FER techniques square measure
bestowed 1st, followed by an outline of the standard FER
system varieties and their major algorithms. The authors
next describe deep-learning-based FER strategies that use
deep networks to change "end-to-end" learning. This paper
additionally appearance at a replacement hybrid deep-
learning technique that employs a convolutional neural
network (CNN) for spacial characteristics of one frame and
an extended memory (LSTM) for temporal information of
many frames. a quick summary of publically accessible
analysis metrics is provided within the latter 1/2 this work,
similarly as a comparison with benchmark findings, that
represent a regular for a quantitative comparison of FER
investigations. rather than minimizing the cross-entropy
loss, learning reduces a margin-based loss. Study of multi-
level options in an exceedinglyconvolutional neural network
for facial feeling identification by Hai-Duong Nguyen [2].
They provide a model supported the information that on
purpose combines a hierarchy of characteristics to higher
the categorization job. The model was tested on the
FER2013 dataset and located to be like existing progressive
approaches in terms of performance. employing a
feedforward learning model, the authors in [3] developed
Associate in Nursing instructor’s facial features recognition
technique inside a schoolroom. For thriving high-level
feature extraction, the face is 1st recognized from the
obtained lecture videos and vital frames square measure
picked, removing all uncalled-forframes.Then,victimization
many convolution neural networksandparametertweaking,
deep options square measure retrieved and provided to a
classifier. A regular extreme learning machine (RELM)
classifier is employed to classify 5 varied expressions of the
teacher inside the schoolroom for fast learning and effective
generalization of the strategy. Hernández-Pérez [4]
instructed a technique that combined orientated quick and
revolved transient (ORB) characteristics with facial
expression-derived native BinaryPatterns(LBP)options. To
begin, every image is subjected to a face identification
algorithmic rule to extract a lot of helpful characteristics.
Second, the ORB and LBP options square measure extracted
from the face region to spice up process speed; significantly,
region division is employed in an exceedingly novel
approach within the classic ORB to stop feature
concentration. The characteristics square measure
unaffected by changes in size, grayscale, or rotation. Finally,
a Support Vector Machine is employed to classify the
collected characteristics (SVM). The instructed technique is
place to the take a look at on many difficult datasets, as well
as the CK+, JAFFE, and MMI databases. Zhang Qinhu [5]
proposes a paper that 1st introduces the self attention
mechanism supported the residual network thought and
calculates the relative importance of a location by scheming

the weighted average of all location pixels, then introduces
channel attention to be told fully completely different
choices on the channel domain, and generates channel
attention to focus on the interactive choices in an
exceedingly sort of channels. The accuracy of this study on
the CK+ and FER2013 datasets, severally, is 97.89% and
74.15 percent, demonstrating the model utility and
superiority in extractingworlddecisions.Zahara [6]planned
a facial image separation (FIT) machine that comes with
refined characteristics of pre-trained identity verification
and Xception algorithmic rule coaching. additionally to the
data-augmentation methodology, the work machine needed
deleting extraneous facial images, gathering facial photos,
correcting misplaced face information, and group action
original info on a colossal scale. With the FER2013 dataset,
the ultimate FER results of the instructed technique
increased validationaccuracyby16.95%overthetraditional
approach.
3. METHODOLOGY
In this project our work is to classify facial images based on
emotion. The Fig.1 is the mechanism flowchart of the steps
recognise facial emotion.
Fig.1. Mechanism Flowchart
As shown in the flow-chart, the first task before stating the
model is to do certain pre-processing on the data so that it
can be used in the models. The following fig.2, pre-
processing has been explained.
Fig.2. Pre-processing of the Image
3.1 GETTING DATA
The data consists of 48x48 picture element grayscale
pictures of faces. The faces are mechanically registered in
order that the face is a lot of or less centered and occupies
regarding identical quantity of housein everyimage.we'll be
victimization the datasetfer-2013thatisinpublicobtainable
on Kaggle. it's 48*48 pixels gray-scale pictures offacesatthe
side of their feeling labels. feeling shown within the facial
features into one in all seven classes (0=Angry, 1=Disgust,
2=Fear, 3=Happy, 4=Sad, 5=Surprise, 6=Neutral). The
coaching set consists of 28,709 examples and also the public
check set consists of 3,589 examples. There square measure
many datasets obtainable for facial features, out of these
during this experiment FER2013 dataset is employed. The
dataset contains pictures of dimensions 48×48×1. The
Table.1 provides a lot of data regarding the dataset. The
categories and variety of pictures per category square
measure provided. The Table.1 shows the visual
representation of the data
Table.1. List of classes and number of images in FER2013
3.2 IMAGE AUGMENTATION
Keras Image information Generator category providesa fast
and straightforward thanks to augment your pictures. It
provides a bunch of various augmentation techniques like
standardization, rotation, shifts, flips, brightness
amendment, and plenty of a lot of. you'll be able to notice a
lot of on its official documentation page. Image information
augmentation is employed to boost the performance and
talent of the model to generalize. It’s invariably a decent
follow to use some informationaugmentationbeforepassing
it to the model, which might be done victimisation Image
information Generator provided by Keras. Rescale: It
normalizes the pel price by dividing it by 255. Horizontal
flip: It flips the image horizontally. Fill mode: It fills the
image if not obtainable when somecropping.Rotation range:
It rotates the image by 0–90 degrees. Ontestinginformation,
we'll solely apply rescaling(normalization).

3.3 TRAINING DATA
Training data will be stored in .json file and further usedthis
data to optimize the model when we test our real data in the
model.
3.4 OUTPUT OF MODEL
When we give the real time data to the model then it will
optimize the emotion of human faceanditwill dowork more
efficiently than previous models.
Fig.3. Output of the face emotion
4. RESULT & ANALYSIS
CNN design for facial features recognition as enforced in
Pycharm. beside Python programing language, Numpy,
OpenCV and conv2D were used. The measured accuracy is
concerning three-dimensional below the rumored one
employing a single CNN. we tend to tested each random
pooling and grievous bodily harm pooling, however in each
cases were unable to achieve the rumored accuracy.Overall,
shallower CNN architectures oncemoreperformhigherthan
deeper ones. This conjointly applies to the learned options.
This, however, doesn't make sure that fashionable deep
networks don't seem to be appropriate for FER; there's only
1 design within the comparison that qualifies intrinsically
[4], and a few ara|subject field|field|field of
study|study|bailiwick|branch of knowledge|fine arts|beaux
arts} selections of this network are questionable (initial
convolution with a 7×7 receptive field, that seems large
given the input resolution, and a good backend within the
style of a three-layer MLP with 4,096 units within the 1st
layer). On the contrary, we tend topostulatethatfashionable
deep networks will exceed the shallow architectures of
current works, supported findings in connected analysis
fields. once four hours of coaching by the GPU, wetendto get
associate coaching accuracy quite different previousmodels
.The trained information is keep within the.jsonfileafterthe
testing we tend to get the input from the video or the live
camera and by that get the feeling of human.
Fig.4. CNN Model performance plot for emotion
recognition
As the above figure shows that the accuracy of classifier of
CNN sort performed well on coaching information than
testing information that shows that the model is slightly
overfitting whereas twenty eight generalizing. though the
overfitting isn't important and thence may be ignore. once
the sure variety of epoch the model loss stay constant.
intelligibly happiness is extremely straightforward to see as
a right away results of the quantity of sample information
gift. apparently the feeling of surprise reached nearly a
similar accuracy. the opposite emotions had lower however
similar accuracies. Another purpose of interest is that it
manages to see the feeling of disgust a bit quite 0.5 the time.
The model once given a picture (or a frame from a video) to
predict from, doesn't merely provide one final prediction.
Rather it predicts an inventoryofchancesofeveryindividual
feeling. we tend to then take the feeling with the best chance
because the final prediction. thereforewetendtoclassifythe
standing of the facial reaction supported the foremost
probable feeling foreseen by the model. Considering the
distributed variety of sample information,it'sdoablethat the
model might are overfit.
Fig.5. Confusion Matrix for final model
5. CONCLUSION & FUTURE WORK
In this paper, the aim was to classify facial expressions into
one amongst seven emotions by exploitation varied models
on the FER-2013 dataset. Models that were experimented
with embody call trees, feed forward neural networks and
smaller convolutional networks before inbound at the

planned model. the consequences of various
hyperparameters on the ultimate model was then
investigated. the ultimate accuracy of zero.60 was achieved
exploitation the Adam optimizer with changed
hyperparameters. It ought to even be noted that a virtually
progressive accuracy was achieved with the utilization of
one dataset as opposition a mix of the many datasets.
whereas it's true that different connected works have
managed to get higher accuracies - Mollahosseinietal.(0.66)
and Yu and Zhang (0.61), they need used a mix of various
datasets and enormous models so as to extend their overall
accuracy shows a comparison between the planned
approach and existing methodologies.
Given that solely the FER-2013 dataset was utilized in this
case while not the utilization of different datasets, AN
accuracy of zero.60 is admirablebecauseitdemonstratesthe
potency of the model. In different words, the model
incontestible has used considerably less knowledge for
coaching and a deep however straightforward design to
achieve near-state-of-the-art results.
At a similar time, it additionally has its shortcomings.
whereas the model did attain near-state-of-the-artresults,it
additionally implies that it failed to bring home the bacon
progressive. to boot, the comparatively lower quantity of
knowledge for emotions like ”disgust” build the model have
issue predicting it. This but will illuminate a path for future
work. If given additional coaching knowledge whereas still
retentive a similar network structure, the potency of the
planned system are increased significantly. Sang, digital
audiotape and Thuan United Nations agency used a similar
dataset, increased the information to greatly increase the
dimensions of the coaching set to attain similar results. so
augmenting the prevailing knowledge to enlarge thedataset
may additionally persuade be a worthy avenue to explore.
The ability of the model to create predictions in effectively
time period, indicates that world uses of facial feeling
recognition is barred solely by the relative inaccuracies of
the model itself. within the future, AN indepthanalysisofthe
top-2 foreseen emotions could result in a way additional
correct and reliable system. additional coaching samples for
the tougher to predict feeling of disgust will certainly be
needed so as to excellent such a system.
The time period capability of the model additionally to its
fast coaching time and near-state-of-the-art accuracy
permits the model to be custom-made and utilized in nearly
any use-case. This additionally implies that with somework,
the model may alright be deployed into real-lifeapplications
for effective utilization in domains like in care, promoting
and also the computer game trade.
REFERENCES
[1] B.C. Ko, “A Brief Review of Facial Emotion Recognition
based on Visual Information”, Sensors, Vol. 18, No. 2, pp.
401-421,2018.
[2] H.D. Nguyen, S. Yeom, G.S. Lee, H.J. Yang, I.S. Na and S.H.
Kim, “Facial Emotion Recognition using an Ensemble of
Multi-Level Convolutional Neural Networks”, International
Journal of Pattern RecognitionandArtificial Intelligence, Vol.
33, No. 11, 2019.
[3] Y.K. Bhatti, A. Jamil, N. Nida, M.H. Yousaf, S. Viriri and S.A.
Velastin, “Facial Expression Recognition of Instructor using
Deep Features and Extreme Learning Machine”,
Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience,Vol.2021, No.
1-14, 2021.
[4] Ben Niu, Zhenxing Gao and Bingbing Guo, “Facial
Expression Recognition with LBP and ORB Features”,
Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience, Vol.2021, pp.
1-16, 2021.
[5] J. Daihong, Hu Yuanzheng, D. Lei and P. Jin, “Facial
Expression Recognition Based on Attention Mechanism”,
Scientific Programming, Vol. 2021, pp. 1-18, 2021.
[6] L. Zahara, P. Musa, E. Prasetyo Wibowo, I. Karim and S.
Bahri Musa, “The Facial Emotion Recognition (FER-2013)
Dataset for Prediction System of Micro-Expressions Face
using the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) Algorithm
based Raspberry Pi”, Proceedings of 5th International
Conference on Informatics and Computing,pp. 1-9, 2020.
[7] Kaggle Dataset, Available at: https://www.
kaggle.com/deadskull7/fer2013, Accessed at 2020
[8] D. V. Sang, N. Van Dat and D. P. Thuan, ”Facial expression
recognition using deep convolutional neural networks,”
2017 9th International Conference on Knowledge and
Systems Engineering (KSE), Hue, 2017, pp. 130-135.

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