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INTERCULTURAL
COMMUNICATION
LECTURE7
VERBAL ANDNONVERBALCOMMUNICATION
Carmen Deng
End et al. (2019) - technological
interruption harms learning in class.
MY DETAILS
Xiaolan Deng (Carmen)
: xiaolan.d@dru.ac.th
Available for face-to-face consultations on
Monday , Thursday and Friday.
SELF-INTRODUCTION
•--Name
•--Interests and
hobbies
•--Your expectation for
this course
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA
VER
Communication
What is
communication?
Communication is the process of sending and re
ceiving messages through verbal and nonverbal mean
s including speech or oral communication, writing or
written communication, signs, signals, and behavior.
What are the most common wa
ys or
methods on how we COMMUNI
CATE
with people around us?
VERBAL COMMUNICATI
ON
According to Bovee and others, “Ve
rbal
communication is the expression o
f
information through language whic
h is
composed of words and grammar.”
According to Penrose and others, “Verb
communication consists of sharing thou
hts
thought the meaning of words.
VERBAL COMMUNICATION MAY
BE TWO TYPES:
ORAL and WRITTEN Communication.
ORAL
COMMUNICATIO
N
 In oral communication,
spoken words are used
 It includes face-to-face
conversations, speech,
telephonic conversation,
video, radio, television,
voice over internet
 Communication is
influence by pitch, volume,
speed and clarity of
speaking
 It brings quick feedback
 In a face-to-face conversation, by re
ading
facial expression and body language
one
can guess whether he/she should tr
ust what’s
being said or not
 More personal and informal
.
 Makes immediate impact.
 Helps us correct our messages ac
cording
to the feedback and non-verbal c
ues
from the listener
 A word once uttered can’t be taken
back.
 Impact may be short liv
ed.
 It can be forgotten easil
y.
 There is no legal evidence of or
al
communication.
WRITTEN
COMMUNICATION  Written signs or symbols a
re
used to communicate
 Can be transmitted via
email, letter, report,
memo, etc.
 Most common form of
communication being use
d
in business
 Creates a permanent record
 Allows you to store information
for
future reference
 Easily distributed
 All recipients receive the same information
 Written communication helps in laying down apparent
principles, policies and rules for running of an organiz
ation.
 It is a permanent means of communication. Thus, it is usef
ul where
record maintenance is required.
 Written communication is more precise and explicit.
 Effective written communicat
ion
develops and enhances an
organization’s image
 It provides ready records an
d
references
 It assists in proper delegatio
n of
responsibilities
 Necessary for legal and binding document
ation
 Written communication does n
ot
save upon the costs.
 If the receivers of the written
message are separated by distance
and if they need to clear their doubt
s,
the response is not spontaneous.
 Written communication is time-cons
uming
as the feedback is not immediate.
 Poor writing skills and quality have a negative imp
act
on organization’s reputation.
 Too much paper work and e-mails burden is involve
d
Common Etiquettes in Written Communication
Focus on
format
Structuring of the
content
The various formal writing forms have a pre-determined,
universally accepted format that accompanies them.
While writing one should ensure that the content is well organized,
with the overview/basic details comprising the introduction
Ensuring
connectivity
The content that comprises a piece of writing should reflect fluency and sh
ould be
connected through a logical flow of thought, in order to prevent misinterpre
tation
and catch the attention of the reader.
Steering clear of sho
rt form
People may not be aware of the meaning of various short forms and m
ay thus
find it difficult to interpret them.
Importance of grammar, spelling an
d punctuation
Improper grammar, spelling and punctuation can at worst
cause miscommunication and at least results in unwanted
humor and should be thus avoided.
Importance of crea
tivity
In order to hold the readers' attention one needs to be
creative to break the tedium of writing and prevent
monotony from creeping in.
Avoiding excessive use
of jargon
Excessive use of jargon can put off a reader.
Good writing features:
Completenes
s
Correctness
Credibility
Clarity
Conciseness
Consideratio
n
Vitality
Important for clarity is the ability to turn an abstract concept into a more
concrete one, or to add general information to a concrete concept. For this,
we can use the ladder of abstraction.
• “The ladder of abstraction” is a model to express a concept
across a continuum from most concrete to most abstract.
• At the lowest level we have a very concrete image, for examp
le Jane, a friend who studies at university and who works par
t-time in a restaurant.
• At the highest level of abstraction we may have many differe
nt abstract concepts: e.g., education, economy, age, etc.
• A more abstract concept helps us to give a more complete a
nd accurate definition of what we want to say.
• A more concrete image helps us clarify the idea, but it descri
bes fewer aspects of it.
• An effective communicator can easily move up and down th
e ladder, to help the listeners to have a clearer, but also mor
e complete understanding of an idea or concept.
The ladder of abstraction
NON VERBAL COMMUNICATION
“It is a communication
that takes place through non-verbal cues:
through such form of non-verbal
communication as gesture, eye contact,
facial expression, clothing and space; and
through the non-verbal vocal communication
known as Para-language.”
“Non-verbal communication includ
es
any communication occurring with
out
the use of words.”
Forms of Non Verbal
Communication
Eye Conta
ct Eye contact, a key characteristic of nonve
rbal
communication, expresses much without
using a single word.
Eye contact also establish the
nature of a relationship.
Facial Expressi
ons
Facial expressions are the key characteri
stics of nonverbal
communication. Your facial expression ca
n communicate
happiness, sadness, anger or fear.
Posture
Posture and how you carry your self tells
a lot about you.
How you walk, sit, stand or hold your hea
d not only
indicates your current mood, but also your
personality in
general.
Haptic or Touch
Haptic communication is communicating
by touch.
Touch or Haptics is the characteristic of n
onverbal
communication and used when we come i
nto physical
Gestures
A gesture is a characteristic of nonverbal
communication
in which visible body actions communicat
e particular
message.
Gestures include movement of the hands,
face, or other parts of the body.
Personal space
Personal space is your "bubble" - the spa
ce you place
between yourself and others. This invisibl
e boundary
becomes apparent only when someone b
umps or tries to
enter your bubble.
Non-verbal communication is any information that is communicated without
using
words. The important characteristics of non-verbal communication are as f
ollows:
No use of
words
Culturally
determine
d
Different
meaning
Vague an
d
imprecise
May conflict
with
verbal mes
sage
Largely
unconscio
us
Shows feelin
gs and
attitudes
Informality
Verbal V.S. Non Verbal
Communication
Although verbal communication is easier to understand
,
non-verbal communication is essential to understand n
ot
only a message, but more importantly, the feelings behi
nd the message.
28
ACTIVITY 7.1
Watch the video in the link below and answer the following
questions:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FiQnH450hPM
1)How many speakers are involved in the conversation? Who are
they? What are they doing?
2)Why does the American man at one point (minute 1:12) say “Is
that everything? … ”?
3)How could the two sides have better, more effective,
communication?
29
ACTIVITY 7.1
Watch the video in the link below and answer the following questions:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FiQnH450hPM
1)How many speakers are involved in the conversation? Who are they? What
are they doing?
2)Three people: an American actor, a Japanese director, and an interpreter. They are
filming a commercial.
3)Why does the American man at one point (minute 1:12) say “Is that
everything? … ”?
4)Because the Japanese director speaks for a long time, but the interpreter only says a
few words in English.
5)How could the two sides have better, more effective, communication?
6)The Japanese could learn some English and the American could learn some Japanese.
30
ACTIVITY 7.2
Think of a very concrete object and move up the ladder of
abstraction three levels.
Think of a very abstract concept and move down the ladder of
abstractions until you get to a very concrete object, animal, place,
person, etc. (three levels).
THANK YOU!

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Lecture 7-Intercultural Communication- Verbal_and_Non_Verbal_Communication.pptx

  • 2. End et al. (2019) - technological interruption harms learning in class.
  • 3. MY DETAILS Xiaolan Deng (Carmen) : xiaolan.d@dru.ac.th Available for face-to-face consultations on Monday , Thursday and Friday.
  • 4. SELF-INTRODUCTION •--Name •--Interests and hobbies •--Your expectation for this course This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA
  • 6. Communication is the process of sending and re ceiving messages through verbal and nonverbal mean s including speech or oral communication, writing or written communication, signs, signals, and behavior.
  • 7. What are the most common wa ys or methods on how we COMMUNI CATE with people around us?
  • 8. VERBAL COMMUNICATI ON According to Bovee and others, “Ve rbal communication is the expression o f information through language whic h is composed of words and grammar.” According to Penrose and others, “Verb communication consists of sharing thou hts thought the meaning of words.
  • 9. VERBAL COMMUNICATION MAY BE TWO TYPES: ORAL and WRITTEN Communication.
  • 10. ORAL COMMUNICATIO N  In oral communication, spoken words are used  It includes face-to-face conversations, speech, telephonic conversation, video, radio, television, voice over internet  Communication is influence by pitch, volume, speed and clarity of speaking
  • 11.  It brings quick feedback  In a face-to-face conversation, by re ading facial expression and body language one can guess whether he/she should tr ust what’s being said or not  More personal and informal .  Makes immediate impact.  Helps us correct our messages ac cording to the feedback and non-verbal c ues from the listener
  • 12.  A word once uttered can’t be taken back.  Impact may be short liv ed.  It can be forgotten easil y.  There is no legal evidence of or al communication.
  • 13. WRITTEN COMMUNICATION  Written signs or symbols a re used to communicate  Can be transmitted via email, letter, report, memo, etc.  Most common form of communication being use d in business
  • 14.  Creates a permanent record  Allows you to store information for future reference  Easily distributed  All recipients receive the same information  Written communication helps in laying down apparent principles, policies and rules for running of an organiz ation.  It is a permanent means of communication. Thus, it is usef ul where record maintenance is required.  Written communication is more precise and explicit.
  • 15.  Effective written communicat ion develops and enhances an organization’s image  It provides ready records an d references  It assists in proper delegatio n of responsibilities  Necessary for legal and binding document ation
  • 16.  Written communication does n ot save upon the costs.  If the receivers of the written message are separated by distance and if they need to clear their doubt s, the response is not spontaneous.  Written communication is time-cons uming as the feedback is not immediate.  Poor writing skills and quality have a negative imp act on organization’s reputation.  Too much paper work and e-mails burden is involve d
  • 17. Common Etiquettes in Written Communication Focus on format Structuring of the content The various formal writing forms have a pre-determined, universally accepted format that accompanies them. While writing one should ensure that the content is well organized, with the overview/basic details comprising the introduction Ensuring connectivity The content that comprises a piece of writing should reflect fluency and sh ould be connected through a logical flow of thought, in order to prevent misinterpre tation and catch the attention of the reader.
  • 18. Steering clear of sho rt form People may not be aware of the meaning of various short forms and m ay thus find it difficult to interpret them. Importance of grammar, spelling an d punctuation Improper grammar, spelling and punctuation can at worst cause miscommunication and at least results in unwanted humor and should be thus avoided. Importance of crea tivity In order to hold the readers' attention one needs to be creative to break the tedium of writing and prevent monotony from creeping in.
  • 19. Avoiding excessive use of jargon Excessive use of jargon can put off a reader.
  • 20. Good writing features: Completenes s Correctness Credibility Clarity Conciseness Consideratio n Vitality Important for clarity is the ability to turn an abstract concept into a more concrete one, or to add general information to a concrete concept. For this, we can use the ladder of abstraction.
  • 21. • “The ladder of abstraction” is a model to express a concept across a continuum from most concrete to most abstract. • At the lowest level we have a very concrete image, for examp le Jane, a friend who studies at university and who works par t-time in a restaurant. • At the highest level of abstraction we may have many differe nt abstract concepts: e.g., education, economy, age, etc. • A more abstract concept helps us to give a more complete a nd accurate definition of what we want to say. • A more concrete image helps us clarify the idea, but it descri bes fewer aspects of it. • An effective communicator can easily move up and down th e ladder, to help the listeners to have a clearer, but also mor e complete understanding of an idea or concept. The ladder of abstraction
  • 22. NON VERBAL COMMUNICATION “It is a communication that takes place through non-verbal cues: through such form of non-verbal communication as gesture, eye contact, facial expression, clothing and space; and through the non-verbal vocal communication known as Para-language.” “Non-verbal communication includ es any communication occurring with out the use of words.”
  • 23. Forms of Non Verbal Communication Eye Conta ct Eye contact, a key characteristic of nonve rbal communication, expresses much without using a single word. Eye contact also establish the nature of a relationship. Facial Expressi ons Facial expressions are the key characteri stics of nonverbal communication. Your facial expression ca n communicate happiness, sadness, anger or fear.
  • 24. Posture Posture and how you carry your self tells a lot about you. How you walk, sit, stand or hold your hea d not only indicates your current mood, but also your personality in general. Haptic or Touch Haptic communication is communicating by touch. Touch or Haptics is the characteristic of n onverbal communication and used when we come i nto physical
  • 25. Gestures A gesture is a characteristic of nonverbal communication in which visible body actions communicat e particular message. Gestures include movement of the hands, face, or other parts of the body. Personal space Personal space is your "bubble" - the spa ce you place between yourself and others. This invisibl e boundary becomes apparent only when someone b umps or tries to enter your bubble.
  • 26. Non-verbal communication is any information that is communicated without using words. The important characteristics of non-verbal communication are as f ollows: No use of words Culturally determine d Different meaning Vague an d imprecise May conflict with verbal mes sage Largely unconscio us Shows feelin gs and attitudes Informality
  • 27. Verbal V.S. Non Verbal Communication Although verbal communication is easier to understand , non-verbal communication is essential to understand n ot only a message, but more importantly, the feelings behi nd the message.
  • 28. 28 ACTIVITY 7.1 Watch the video in the link below and answer the following questions: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FiQnH450hPM 1)How many speakers are involved in the conversation? Who are they? What are they doing? 2)Why does the American man at one point (minute 1:12) say “Is that everything? … ”? 3)How could the two sides have better, more effective, communication?
  • 29. 29 ACTIVITY 7.1 Watch the video in the link below and answer the following questions: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FiQnH450hPM 1)How many speakers are involved in the conversation? Who are they? What are they doing? 2)Three people: an American actor, a Japanese director, and an interpreter. They are filming a commercial. 3)Why does the American man at one point (minute 1:12) say “Is that everything? … ”? 4)Because the Japanese director speaks for a long time, but the interpreter only says a few words in English. 5)How could the two sides have better, more effective, communication? 6)The Japanese could learn some English and the American could learn some Japanese.
  • 30. 30 ACTIVITY 7.2 Think of a very concrete object and move up the ladder of abstraction three levels. Think of a very abstract concept and move down the ladder of abstractions until you get to a very concrete object, animal, place, person, etc. (three levels).