media studies lecture 3

1. Forms of
Communication

2. Introduction
Forms of
communication vary in
terms of participants,
channels used, and
contexts.

3. Forms
 Intrapersonal
Communication
 Interpersonal
Communication
 Group Communication
 Public Communication
 Mass/Machine Assisted
Communication

4. Intrapersonal
Communication
Intra-personal Communication — is the kind of
communication that occurs within us. It
involves thoughts, feelings, and the way we
look at ourselves.

5. • Because intra-personal communication is centered in the self, you are the only sender-
receiver. The message is made up of your thoughts and feelings. The channel is your
brain, which processes what you are thinking and feeling. There is feedback in the
sense that you talk to yourself, or discard certain ideas and replace them with others.
• Commonly known as ‘self-talk’ or ‘inner speech’
• The three aspects that govern the intrapersonal communication are:
• Self-Concept: Self-concept ascertains the way an individual takes himself/herself,
oriented towards others. The three factors in self-concept are:
Belief Value Attitude
• Perception: It is what the mind receives and grasp from the outside world.
• Expectation: An individual’s future-oriented projection, that something might

6. When are you use to have
intrapersonal
communication the most
with yourself?

7. Interpersonal
Communication
Interpersonal communication occurs when we
communicate on a one-to-one basis— usually
in an informal, unstructured setting. This kind
of communication occurs mostly between two
people, though it may include more than two.

8. Interpersonal communication uses all the elements of the communication process.
In a conversation between friends, for example, each brings his or her back ground and
experience to the conversation.
Their message consists of both verbal and non-verbal symbols.
The channels they use the most are sight and sound. Because interpersonal
communication is between two (or a few) people, it offers the greatest opportunity for
feedback.
Psychological noise is likely to be minimal because each person can see whether the
other is distracted. The persons involved in the conversation have many chances to
check that the message is being perceived correctly. Interpersonal communication
usually takes place in informal and comfortable settings.

9. In Interpersonal Communication, the way something is said is as important as what is
being said. So, here, the tone of voice, body language, gestures, facial expressions,
have a great impact on the recipient. The features of interpersonal communication are
as under:
 Inescapable: Whenever we try not to say anything to anyone at all, it says
something about our mood, attitude or nature, i.e. not by words but through the
non-verbal signals.
 Irreversible or Unrepeatable: Once something is being said, it cannot be taken
back, so neither it is reversible nor repeatable.
 Complex: Due to some variables involved in communication, it is a complex
process. The words used in the process of communication may not have the same
meaning for both sender and receiver, and this complicates the process.
 Contextual: Context plays a significant role in the communication process, as in
there is psychological, environmental, situational and relational context.

10. Intrapersonal communication Interpersonal Communication
The communication that we have with ourselves,
the communication that occurs in our mind, is
as intrapersonal communication.
The communication between two or more person,
through verbal or non-verbal messages, is called
interpersonal communication.
The intrapersonal communication is the
communication with oneself, and so only one
is involved in it.
Interpersonal communication is always between
two or more persons.
Intrapersonal communication occurs continuously
because it is the human tendency to think, analyse
and interpret things.
Interpersonal Communication occurs regularly on a
personal and professional level.
In intrapersonal communication, only an
internal senses are involved.
Interpersonal communication requires media, i.e. to
pass on the message to the other party.
In intrapersonal communication, is based on the
thinking and analysis.
Interpersonal communication is concerned with the
exchange of ideas, information, opinions, feelings
and so on.

11. What interpersonal
communication did you
have today?

12. Small-Group
Communication
SMALL - GROUP COMMUNICATION OCCURS
WHEN A SMALL NUMBER OF PEOPLE MEET
TO SOLVE A PROBLEM.

13. • The group must be small enough so that each member in the
group has a chance to interact with all of the other members.
Because small groups are made up of several senders-
receivers, the communication process is more complicated
than in interpersonal communication.
• With so many more people sending messages, there are more
chances for confusion. Messages are also more structured in
small groups use the same channels as interpersonal
communication, however, and there is also a good deal of
opportunity for feedback.
• In view of their problem - solving nature, small groups usually
meet in a more formal setting than people involved in
interpersonal communication.

14. • Group communication is more intentional and formal than
interpersonal communication. Unlike interpersonal relationships,
which are voluntary, individuals in a group are often assigned to
their position within a group.
• Group communication is often task focused, meaning that members
of the group work together for an explicit purpose or goal that
affects each member of the group.
• Goal-oriented communication in interpersonal interactions usually
relates to one person; for example, I may ask my friend to help me
move this weekend. Goal-oriented communication at the group level
usually focuses on a task assigned to the whole group; for example,
a group of people may be tasked to figure out a plan for moving a
business from one office to another.

15. Did you have any small
group communication
during this semester so far?

16. Public
Communication
In public communication the sender-receiver
(the speaker) sends a message (the speech) to
an audience.

17. • Public communication is a sender-focused form of communication in which
one person is typically responsible for conveying information to an
audience.
• Just like group communication, public speaking is an important part of our
academic, professional, and civic lives. When compared to interpersonal
and group communication, public communication is the most consistently
intentional, formal, and goal-oriented form of communication we have
discussed so far.
• The speaker usually delivers a highly structured message, using the same
channels as in interpersonal and small-group communication.
• The channels are more exaggerated than in interpersonal communication.
The voice is louder and the gestures are more expansive because the
audience is bigger.

18. • The speaker might also use additional visual channels such as slides,
flip charts, and so on.
• Generally, the opportunity for verbal feedback in public
communication is limited. The audience members may have a
chance to ask questions at the end of the speech, but usually they
are not free to address the speaker as he or she is talking. However,
they can send nonverbal feedback.
•
• If they like what the speaker is saying, they may interrupt the speech
with applause. If they like what the speaker is saying, they may
interrupt the speech with applause. If they dislike it, they may move
around a lot of simply stop paying attention. In most public
communication the setting is formal.

19. Did you ever do any public
communication so far in
life?

20. Mass Communication/
Machine Assisted
Communication

21. • Public communication becomes mass communication when it is
transmitted to many people through print or electronic media.
• Print media such as newspapers and magazines continue to be
an important channel for mass communication along with
television.
• Radio, podcasts, and books are other examples of mass media.
The technology required to send mass communication messages
distinguishes it from the other forms of communication.

22. • A certain amount of intentionality goes into transmitting a mass communication
message since it usually requires one or more extra steps to convey the message. For
example, pressing “Enter” to send a Facebook message or involve an entire crew of
camera people, sound engineers, and production assistants to produce a television
show.
• Mass communication differs from other forms of communication in terms of the
personal connection between participants.
• Unlike interpersonal, group, and public communication, there is no immediate verbal
and nonverbal feedback loop in mass communication. Of course you could write a letter
to the editor of a newspaper or send an e-mail to a television or radio broadcaster in
response to a story, but the immediate feedback available in face-to-face interactions is
not present. With new media technologies like Twitter, blogs, and Facebook, feedback is
becoming more immediate. Individuals can now tweet directly “at” (@) someone and
use hashtags (#) to direct feedback to mass communication sources.

23. • Many radio and television hosts and news organizations specifically
invite feedback from viewers/listeners via social media and may even
share the feedback on the air.
• The technology to mass-produce and distribute communication
messages brings with it the power for one voice or a series of voices to
reach and affect many people. This power makes mass communication
different from the other levels of communication.
• While there is potential for unethical communication at all the other
levels, the potential consequences of unethical mass communication
are important to consider.

24. Did you do any Mass
Communication/ Machine
Assisted Communication
this week?