The document focuses on the understanding and application of parallel structures in grammar. It outlines learning objectives, provides examples of parallelism, and includes exercises for identifying and correcting parallel structures in sentences. Key rules are discussed to guide effective writing using parallel constructions.

1. EXPRESSING FEELINGS,
OPINIONS, AGREEMENT
AND DISAGREEMENT
(PARALLELISM)

2. LEARNING COMPETENCY
Grammar Awareness: Use parallel structures.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
1. Identify the parallel structures in the following sentences.
2. Complete the given sentences by adding a parallel structure.
3. Apply the proper and effective use of parallel structures.
4. Appreciate the use of parallel structure.

3. ACTIVITY: Read the following sentences and identify the parallel
structures.
1. In her grandfather’s farm, she enjoyed harvesting eggplants,
string beans and watermelons.
2. She craved for freshly boiled corn, newly picked mangoes and
fully ripened papaya.
3. Her father drank lemonade and ate camote fritters.
4. Father prepared the picnic area, Aunt Susie set the table and
Mother brought the grilled chicken.
5. They always go to farm to enjoy fresh air, peaceful life and good
food.

4. What is Parallelism?
-means “like construction for ideas.”
-matching the sentence parts to show how one idea relates to
another and what ideas are of equal importance.
-the simplest form of parallelism involves two or more words in a
series. One can also make two or more phrases, or two or more
clauses, or two or more sentences parallel.

5. Examples:
Parallel words: She love flowers, birds, and butterflies.
Parallel phrases: She like walking along the seashores,
climbing mountains, and gathering corals.
Parallel clauses: Her sister was most happy when she went
scuba diving in Anilao, Batangas, and when she went snorkeling
in Palawan.
Parallel clauses: He composed a song about the twittering
birds, he wrote a poem about a rosebud, and he painted the
golden field of palay.

6. Place a check mark (/) before the sentence that has parallel
structure and a cross mark (x) before the sentence that has no
parallel structure.
1. A quiet neighborhood, clean surroundings, and a spacious
recreational area are what he looks for in a residential area.
2. When they transferred to a new place, they considered the
neighborhood.
3. She met her new neighbors and talked with them.
4. She learned more about them through their conversation.
5. They decided to walk around and to relax in the park.

7. Parallel structure
-is the same pattern of words to show that two or more ideas have the same
level of importance.
➢ Rule # 1- Parallel Structures must be joined with conjunctions: and, or, but,
yet, so
Words- (Verbs: singing, reading, to hike) (Adverbs: gracefully, clearly, really
loud)
Is this parallel? NO. They have different grammatical structure.

8. Words- (Verbs: singing, reading, hiking)
(Adverbs: gracefully, clearly, loudly)
Is this parallel? YES. They now has
the same grammatical structure.
Use it in a sentence!
Katy really likes singing, reading or
hiking. She sings gracefully, clearly and
loudly

9. ➢ Rule # 2- A Parallel Structure that begins with clauses must keep the same
clauses.
A clause is group of related words containing a subject and a verb.
Clauses-(that she may play, that she may make, to sleep)
Are they all clauses? NO. *What are listed above are not all clauses
*Remember, clauses contain a subject and a verb

10. Clauses - (that she may play, that she may make, (to sleep) that she may sleep)
“that she may + verb” is the clause so it must be for all of the clauses
(she - subject, may-verb)
Use it in a sentence!
When my friend came over my house, I told her that she may play volleyball
with my brother and I, that she may make dinner with us and that she may sleep at
my house.
“that she may” is the clause
OR
When my friend came over to my house, I told her that she may play volleyball with
my brother and I, make dinner with us and sleepover at my house.
(that she may is only at the beginning of the first clause- Both are correct)

11. ➢ Rule # 3- When you are listing items, use parallel structure.
When listing actions, they must be in the same tense in order to be parallel.
Lists- Wearing his Batman costume, phone calls that come from the Commissioner, and
saving Gotham City-
(This phrase isn’t the same tense as the others)
- Wearing his Batman costume, answering the Commissioner’s phone calls, and saving
Gotham City. - (Parallel)
- Bruce Wayne enjoys wearing his Batman costume, answering the Commissioner’s
phone calls and saving Gotham City.
(This list is parallel because they are all in the same tense)

12. Exercises 1. First, correct these words/clauses/lists and
then on your own, create a sentence using parallel
structure.
A. Words: climbing, to walk, sleeping, eat, turning
B. Phrases: Lizzie can play, Lizzie likes to flip, Lizzie can
clap, Lizzie can smile
C. Lists: correct spelling errors, move paragraphs around
to organize an essay, typing an essay

13. Exercises 2. Correct these sentences using what you know about parallel
structure. Choose the correct answer.
1. A farmer spends most of his time tilling the soil, sowing the seeds, and
feed the cows. [feed, feeds, fed, feeding ]
2. Mary likes hiking, swimming, and to ride a bicycle. [ride, rides, rode, riding]
3. The production manager was asked to write his report quickly, accurately,
and in a detailed manner. [though, thoughts, thorough, thoroughly ]
4. Angry ants munched the marshmallows, crumbling coffeecake, and sipping
syrup, headed off across the countertop. [munch, munches, munched,
munching]
5. Every morning, we make our bed, eating breakfast and feed the dog. [eat,
eats, eaten, ate,]

14. Exercises 3. Complete each sentence by adding a structure parallel to the italicized
parts. Choose your answer below.
1. Some activities that family members enjoy doing together are visiting interesting
places, going on picnics, and ________________.
2. The boys prefer to hike, to snorkel, and ______________.
3. She believes that staying calm, feeling confident, and _______contribute to a
stress-free life.
4. Do you go for eating vegetables, drinking milk, or __________?
5. A good book, a trusted friend, and _________ make her happy
a comfortable home, taking food supplement,
understanding people, to scuba dive, taking long drives