7. OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson, you can be able to;
a. Define parallelism/parallel structure;
b. identify errors in parallel structures;
c. express appreciation on the rules of parallel
structures; and
d. write sentences using parallel structures
correctly.
10. RULES TO CONSIDER
1.Parallel structure must be joined by
coordinating conjunctions.
2.Parallel Structure should be used when
writing elements in the form of a list or a
series
3.Parallel Structure should be used when
comparing or contrasting elements
11. Parallel structure must be joined
by coordinating conjunctions.
Incorrect:
•I am allergic to the dog’s hair and how it
smells.
Correct:
•I am allergic to the dog’s hair and its smell.
12. EXAMPLE
A.I like to jog, bake, paint,
and watching movies.
B.I like to jog, bake, paint,
and watch movies.
13. Parallel Structure should be used
when writing elements in the form of
a list or a series:
Incorrect:
•The class valued respect, honesty, and being on
time.
Correct:
•The class valued respect, honesty, and
promptness in a teacher.
14. EXAMPLE
•A. Reading books, to play the piano and
going to the theatre are my favorite
activities.
•B. Reading books, playing the piano and
going to the theatre are my favorite
activities.
15. Parallel structure should be used
when comparing or contrasting
elements.
Incorrect:
•James enjoys reading more than to write.
Correct:
•James enjoys reading more than writing.
16. EXAMPLE
A.To sing is better than dancing.
B.To sing is better than to dance.
C.Singing is better than dancing.
17. •Use parallel construction or
structure when a pair of ideas
are linked by a correlative
conjunction, such as not only….
but also, either…. or,
neither…nor.
18. EXAMPLE
Wrong:
• The mall requires not only wearing face masks
but also face shields.
Right:
• The mall requires wearing not only face masks
but also face shields.
19. Neither- nor mistakes
•The elements joined together
by correlative conjunctions
should be equal to achieve
parallel structure.
20. EXAMPLE
Wrong:
•For the talent contest, she neither wanted to
sing nor to dance.
Right:
• For the talent contest, she wanted neither
to sing nor to dance.
21. Either-or mistakes
Wrong:
•Either you answer your modules or attending
online classes.
Right:
•Either you answer your modules or attend
online classes.
22. Answer me!
1.During the lockdown, people
were either baking, dancing,
or ____________.
a.Garden b. gardening
c. planted d. planting
gardening
23. Answer me!
2. In my free time, I enjoy reading books
more than ____________________.
a.Watch movies b. watched movies
c. watching movies d. will watch
movies
watching movies
24. Answer me!
3. The mangoes that my mother
bought from the market are fresh
and __________.
•a. sweet b. sweeter c. sweetest
d. getting sweet
sweet
25. Answer me!
4. Learning a new language is not only
inspiring but also _____________.
a.Challenge b. challenging
c. challenged d. will challenge
challenging
26. Answer me!
5. There are a lot of activities you can do on the
beach. You can build a sandcastle, swim in the
sea or _____________________.
a.Chill in the cottage
b.Chilling in the cottage
c.Chilled in the cottage
d.Will chill in the cottage
chill in the cottage
27.
28. •What do you think is the importance
of having parallel structures in our
sentences? Or;
•What do you think are the
advantages and disadvantages of
parallel structure in writing a
composition?
29. •Are using parallel structures
in writing or in giving a
speech important? Why?
30. SUMMARY
•Parallel structure or parallelism is
the means of using the same
pattern of words and phrases to
show that two or more ideas have
the same level of importance.
31. 3 BASIC RULES
1.Parallel Structure should be used when
elements are joined by coordinating
conjunction
2.Parallel Structure should be used when writing
elements in the form of a list or a series
3.Parallel Structure should be used when
comparing or contrasting elements
32. SUMMARY
•In the use of parallel structure,
grammatical balance should be
observed. If parallel structure is not
observed there will be a disruption of
rhythm, thus there will be grammatical
unbalance.
33. ASSIGNMENT
•Research and read the essay of
Manuel L. Quezon entitled ‘Grow
and be like the Molave’ and
answer the following questions.
34. •1. What is the basis of national strength, according to the
essay? Do you agree? Explain your answer.
•2. What are the peaks, valleys and deep chasms which could
hinder the upward climb of mankind?
•3. What does the author want the Filipino to be? Can this goal
be achieved?
•4. What values must we possess to be able to achieve the
author’s perceived goal for us?
•5. Does paragraph number five (5) have parallel structures?
Why?
As we continue, let’s first have this game ‘spot the difference’. And I want you to spot the differences of the pictures presented.
In this picture, what do you think is the one that doesn’t belong to the group?
To continue, I want you to read the following words out loud.
Which word among the following has a different grammatical form?
Now class, based from those activities, what do you think our lesson for today?
Actually, it is related to parallelism or parallel structures, but before that here are our objectives first.
To begin with, let’s first define what parallel structure is.
And the use/application of parallelism improves writing style and readability, and is thought to make sentences easier to process.
Basically, there are three rules to consider when checking for parallel structure in writing and these are the following; kindly read it class.
Okay, just remember that in parallelism, a sentence must have same structure, and same idea.
In the first rule, a parallel structure must be used or must be joined by coordinating conjunctions when we have two or more elements in a sentence that are equal in importance.
If we are to read the first one, I am allergic to the dog’s hair and how it smells. Basically, the sentence can be easily understood that he is allergic to dog’s hair and how it smells but when we talk about the grammar, there is something wrong because there is that word ‘how’ wherein the word how is an adverb right? While hair is a noun, so a word that should be there is a noun too. so the sentence should be ‘I am allergic to the dog’s hair and its smell. Basically, we can understand it both but the structure.
Now, based from that, what do you think is the correct one?
Very good that’s right! Now let’s proceed to the second one.
Thank you, so why does the first one is incorrect?
The class valued respect, honesty, and being on time, there’s something wrong so we must find another word that is also referring to being on time, like how the words respect and honesty is used, they are used as a noun, so we must find a word that is similar to being on time but should be aligned with the idea of the sentence, and the perfect one for that is promptness.
What are your ideas why the first one is incorrect?
Okay very good, so the correct one should be ‘Reading books, playing the piano and going to the theatre are my favorite activities.’
Now let’s proceed to the last one, the parallel structure should be used when comparing or contrasting elements.
In parallelism, there should only one structure like in the example, the tense of the verb is different so instead of putting write, just replace it with its present tense to make it parallel.
So, what do you think is the incorrect one or not parallel?
Now, let’s try to identify/answer the following questions orally to determine if you’re truly listening.
In connection with that, I’ll be grouping you into three to complete the activity.
You only have 10 mins to do it.
May I ask you class, what do you think is the importance of having parallel structures in our sentences? Or what do you think are the advantages and disadvantages of parallel structure in writing a composition?
To conclude, to improve the clarity of your writing, it is important to remember the equality of your sentence structure.
