The document focuses on the concept of parallel structures in English grammar, emphasizing their importance for clarity and balance in writing. It provides definitions, examples of correct and incorrect usage, and exercises to practice identifying and constructing parallel structures. Additionally, it outlines group activities and assessments to reinforce understanding of the topic.

1. OBJECTIVES
define parallel structures
recognize errors in sentences
apply parallel structures in series of
words

2. Review
1.What is an issue?
2.What are common issues in the society? Give
examples for each issue.
3.How are we able to contribute in solving different
issues in society?

3. Identify which picture does not belong to the group.

8. What have you noticed about
in the pictures?

9. How did you come up with
your answers?

10. Using Parallel
Structures

11. What is…?
PARALLEL
- is an adjective
- Extending in the
same direction
everywhere
equidistant, and not
meeting
equidistant
PARALLELISM
 Parallel structure, or parallelism in ENGLISH
GRAMMAR is the two or more elements of a
sentence (or series of sentences) having the
same grammatical structure
 Provides a phrase with balance and clarity.
 Words and phrases within a sentence should
not only match in structure, but also in tense.
Writers use parallel structure to add clarity to
their writing, make it easier to understand and
show that their writing is structurally and
grammatically correct.

12. Which word among the following has a different grammatical
form?
dig, cook, dance, singing
A.
B. dig, cook, dance, sing

13. locked, ate, took, looked,
waits, ran
A.
Past Form
Simple form/singular
locked, ate, took, looked, waited, ran

14. This time from group of words, let us apply it a sentence:
Which has a parallel structure?
He loves to jog, to sing, and to eat.
He loves singing, dancing, and to eat.
He loves singing, dancing and eating.
Every morning, we make our bed, eat breakfast, and feed
the dog.

15. Basic Rules
1.The usual way to join parallel structures is with the use of
coordinating conjunctions (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so):
I took piano lessons but I don’t practice often.
I took piano lessons but I didn’t practice often.

16. 1.Parallelism is used to balance nouns with nouns,
verbs, adjectives, adverbs, infinitives with infinitives.
Verb or Verb Phrases
Example:
My brother walks or riding his bike to work.
My brother walks or rides his bike to work.
Romeo cooked the foods, washed the plates and watering
the plants.
Romeo cooked the foods, washed the plates and watered the
plants.

17. Nouns
Nancy likes playing the piano, the trumpet and play the guitar.
Nancy likes the piano, the trumpet and the guitar.

18. Adjective
Mark is an industrious and helping boy.
Mark is an industrious and helpful boy.
This book contains poems which are romantic,
inspirational, and enjoying.
This book contains poems which are romantic,
inspirational, and enjoyable.

19. Adverb
An adverb is a word that modifies(describes) a verb, an adjective,
another adverb, or even a whole sentence.
Rose dances gracefully and happily.
She spoke loudly, clearly and with confidence.
She spoke loudly, clearly and confidently.

20. The cat sleeps peacefully, the dog barks loudly, and the bird sings
very cheerful.
The cat sleeps peacefully, the dog barks loudly, and the bird sings
cheerfully.

21. Gerund and Gerund Phrases
A gerund is the -ing form of a verb used as a subject or object in a
sentence
He enjoys playing basketball, reading anime comics, and watching K-
drama.
Joshua enjoys playing volleyball, singing love songs and baking cakes

22. Infinitive and Infinitive Phrases
an infinitive looks like a verb but it begins with “to”, and it functions
as a noun.
“to” + Verb
• There was no opportunity to explain my situation, to settle things, and
to ask to forgiveness.
• Dave loves to watch TV, to listen radio and to play computer games.
Note: You can also use “to” before all the verbs in a sentence or only before the first one.
• Jeff likes to swim, ride, and run.

23. Exercise 1: Let‘s do this together, do the thumbs up C if you think the
sentence uses correct parallel structure and thumbs down D if not.
1.She likes cooking, jogging, and to read.
2.He loves to ride, swim, and dance.
3.Ben is a talented singer, dancer, and a performing.
4.Ethan joined our school club, worked hard, and got a recognition.
5.Mr. Agoncillo is a lawyer, a politician, and a teacher.
D
C
D
C
C

24. (accurate) 1. quickly, efficiently,________
(grill) 2. cooking, baking, ________
(strength) 3. exercising, stretching, _______
(discover) 4. to travel, to explore, _______
(sing) 5. danced, acted,_______
(run) 6. jumped, climbed,______
(act) 7. sings, dances, _____
(sculpt) 8. to paint, to draw,______
Directions: Make the guide words, enclosed in parenthesis, similar
or parallel to the series of words.
accurately
grilling
strengthening
to discover
sang
ran
acts
to sculpt

25. 1. What is parallelism?
2. Why do we need to observe
parallelism?
3. What are some rules in parallelism?

26. Group Activity/Performance Task
Things to remember In Group activity
Work silently
Make sure everyone gets to contribute or speak
Be an active listener; let your groupmates finish
talking
Choose one writer and reporter in each group.

27. Group 1: Describe the pictures given using parallelism.
Group 2: Change the underlined unparalleled word into the
correct parallel structure.
Group 3: Write three parallel sentences, using all set of verbs
given
Group 4: Construct three sentences observing correct
parallelism

29. Presentation
of
Outputs

30. A.Assessment
Multiple Choice: Give the appropriate parallel structure of the
following sentences. Write the letter of your answer on the space
provided.
1.Clarisa loves __________ .
a.to sing, to dance c. to sing and to dance
b.to dance and singing d. to singing and to dance
2. Gian‘s pastime is to __________.
c. jogging and playing c. jog in the park and to play golf
d.jog on the park and playing golf d. jogging and playing and jog.

31. 3. Best ways to prevent COVID-19 infection is __________.
a.wearing mask, washing hands and staying at home
b.to wear a mask, washing hands, and staying at home
c.wearing mask, washing hands, and to stay at home
d.wearing mask, to washing hands and staying at home.
4. In an earthquake, residents are advised to duck, to cover, and to hold.
e.In an earthquake c. to cover
f. to duck d. No error
5. Learning a new language is not only inspiring but also _____________.
g.challenge c. challenged
b. challenging d. will challenge

32. II.
Directions: Make the guide words, enclosed in parenthesis,
similar or parallel to the series of words.
(run) 1. to walk, to jump, ________
(sing) 2. dancing, acting, ________
(cook) 3. washed, cleaned, _______
(quick) 4. immediately, carefully, _______
(take) 5. to make, to buy, _______
E.g. (read) a. writing, painting, ________.
Answer: reading

33. ASSIGNMENT
Write 5 sentence paragraph on your
chosen topic observing parallelism.