The document contains the list of 8 experiments related to digital system design. The experiments cover topics like verification of basic logic gates, implementation of full adders, parity checkers, multiplexers and decoders. The experiments involve building circuits using common logic gates ICs like 7404, 7408, 7432 and functional ICs like multiplexers, shift registers and counters. The objectives are to understand the working of basic gates, complex digital circuits and verify their truth tables experimentally. Precautions related to power supply voltages and tight connections are mentioned.
This is the project that describes each logic gate briefly. This includes AND , OR, NOT, NOR, NAND,XOR. Each gate has the symbol, working, boolean formula and the observation table.
this project requires breadboard, single stranded wire, battery pack(d.c.) , multimeter and finally their applications.
Rithu
AECS Kudankulam
This document discusses the sawtooth wave and its generator circuit. It defines a sawtooth wave as a non-sinusoidal triangular waveform with unequal rise and fall times. The general circuit for a sawtooth wave generator is presented, using components like inverters, transistors, capacitors and resistors. The working process is explained as the capacitor charges through a resistor during one cycle and discharges quickly through a transistor during the next cycle. Applications of sawtooth waves include sound generation in music synthesizers and generating raster scans for CRT displays.
The document contains VHDL code for various logic gates and their simulations. It includes code for inverters, AND gates, OR gates, NAND gates, NOR gates, XOR gates, XNOR gates, half adders and full adders. The code is written using different VHDL modeling styles like data flow, structural and behavioral. Schematics and simulation results are also provided for each logic gate and adder circuit.
MOSFETs (10EC63) Notes for Electronics & Communication Engineering Students o...Hanumantha Raju
The notes on Microelectronic Circuits (10EC63) is prepared as per VTU syllabus.
Author: M. C Hanumantharaju
Dept. of ISE, Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering
Kumaraswamy Layout, Bangalore.
Ph: 9742290764
Email: mchanumantharaju@gmail.com
For Full notes & Video Lectures contact me at the above address.
The document presents a project on a dancing LED circuit that is controlled by music or sound. It includes a list of components like a condenser mic, transistors, resistors, capacitors and LEDs. The circuit diagram is not shown but the working involves the mic picking up sound signals that are amplified by transistors to glow the LEDs according to the bass intensity of the music. The circuit can be used for applications like signage, signaling or celebrations. The conclusion states that this is a prototype that works on low and high pass filtering and can be used for larger commercial projects or as disco lights.
This is the project that describes each logic gate briefly. This includes AND , OR, NOT, NOR, NAND,XOR. Each gate has the symbol, working, boolean formula and the observation table.
this project requires breadboard, single stranded wire, battery pack(d.c.) , multimeter and finally their applications.
Rithu
AECS Kudankulam
This document discusses the sawtooth wave and its generator circuit. It defines a sawtooth wave as a non-sinusoidal triangular waveform with unequal rise and fall times. The general circuit for a sawtooth wave generator is presented, using components like inverters, transistors, capacitors and resistors. The working process is explained as the capacitor charges through a resistor during one cycle and discharges quickly through a transistor during the next cycle. Applications of sawtooth waves include sound generation in music synthesizers and generating raster scans for CRT displays.
The document contains VHDL code for various logic gates and their simulations. It includes code for inverters, AND gates, OR gates, NAND gates, NOR gates, XOR gates, XNOR gates, half adders and full adders. The code is written using different VHDL modeling styles like data flow, structural and behavioral. Schematics and simulation results are also provided for each logic gate and adder circuit.
MOSFETs (10EC63) Notes for Electronics & Communication Engineering Students o...Hanumantha Raju
The notes on Microelectronic Circuits (10EC63) is prepared as per VTU syllabus.
Author: M. C Hanumantharaju
Dept. of ISE, Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering
Kumaraswamy Layout, Bangalore.
Ph: 9742290764
Email: mchanumantharaju@gmail.com
For Full notes & Video Lectures contact me at the above address.
The document presents a project on a dancing LED circuit that is controlled by music or sound. It includes a list of components like a condenser mic, transistors, resistors, capacitors and LEDs. The circuit diagram is not shown but the working involves the mic picking up sound signals that are amplified by transistors to glow the LEDs according to the bass intensity of the music. The circuit can be used for applications like signage, signaling or celebrations. The conclusion states that this is a prototype that works on low and high pass filtering and can be used for larger commercial projects or as disco lights.
Siddharth Singh completed an investigatory physics project on transformers under the guidance of his teacher Mrs. Anjali Upmanyu. The project aimed to investigate the relationship between the ratio of input/output voltage and the number of turns in the primary and secondary coils of a self-made transformer. Various experiments were conducted using an iron rod and copper wire to wind primary and secondary coils with different turn ratios. Observations showed that output voltage depends directly on the ratio of turns between the coils, with step-up transformers having more turns in the secondary coil and step-down transformers having more in the primary coil.
Photoelectric effect and experimental setupOmkar Rane
Group D7 has 5 members from different batches: Omkar Rane, Prashant Mungase, Mehul Joshi, Jamir Sheikh, and Vikram Kare.
The document then discusses the timeline of developments in understanding the photoelectric effect. It describes early observations by Heinrich Hertz in 1887, definitive studies by Philipp Lenard in the 1890s, and Albert Einstein's 1905 paper explaining that light behaves as discrete packets of energy called photons.
This document describes an R-2R ladder digital-to-analog converter (DAC). It explains that an R-2R ladder DAC uses only two resistor values, R and 2R, to convert a binary input signal into an analog output voltage. The circuit diagram and working of the R-2R ladder is provided. A 4-bit R-2R ladder DAC is simulated showing the output combinations. Advantages like only needing two resistor values and ability to expand bits are discussed. Applications like audio amplifiers and motor control are also listed.
verification of logic gates cbse class 12Kirthi Kirthu
This document describes a physics investigatory project on logic gates submitted by S. Kiruthiga of Kendriya Vidyalaya, Dharmapuri. It includes an introduction to logic gates, their basic principles and types including OR, AND, NOT, NOR and NAND gates. Circuit diagrams and truth tables are provided for each gate. The project was guided by [name removed] and certifies this as Kiruthiga's bona fide work.
This project report describes the construction of a 6 LED dancing light circuit. The circuit uses two transistors, resistors, and capacitors to cause the LEDs to light up alternately, resembling dancing lights. The report provides details of the components used, including the types and values of resistors, capacitors, transistors, and LEDs. It explains the step-by-step procedure for soldering the components onto the PCB and ensuring proper wiring of the battery. The student acknowledges help received from their project guide in learning about the components, measuring their values, soldering techniques, and troubleshooting issues.
A diode is an electronic component with two electrodes called the anode and cathode. It allows current to flow easily in one direction but blocks it in the other. The document discusses the theory of operation of a PN junction diode, including how applying different biases (zero, forward, reverse) changes the width of the depletion region and thus the diode's conductivity. Key aspects covered are the diode's I-V characteristics curve, forward and reverse bias regions, and breakdown voltage. Useful parameters like maximum forward current and forward voltage drop are also defined.
The NAND gate is a universal gate that can be used to build all basic logic gates. It is constructed by connecting a NOT gate to the output of an AND gate. In its truth table, the NAND gate output is 0 only when both inputs are 1, and 1 for all other combinations. Circuits for AND, OR, NOT, NOR, half adder, and full adder can all be made using only NAND gates, demonstrating its universal properties for building digital logic functions.
The document discusses alternating current (AC) circuits and concepts. It covers:
1. The definitions and characteristics of alternating emf and current, including their sinusoidal waveform and the relationships between peak, average, and root mean square (RMS) values.
2. The behavior of AC circuits containing a resistor, inductor, or capacitor, including the phase relationships between current and voltage.
3. Resonance in an AC LCR circuit, including definitions of resonant frequency and quality factor.
4. Calculations of power in AC circuits with various components and the concept of power factor.
5. Oscillations in an LC circuit and the damping of oscillations over time.
Physics investigatory project for class 12 logic gatesbiswanath dehuri
This document provides an overview of digital electronics and Boolean algebra. It discusses digital and analog signals, different number systems including binary, and basic logic gates. Boolean algebra rules are also covered, including commutative, associative, distributive, AND, and OR laws. Common digital applications are listed such as industrial controls, medical equipment, and communications systems. The key advantages of digital systems are accuracy, versatility, less noise and distortion.
The three terminals of the FET are known as Gate, Drain, and Source.
It is a voltage controlled device, where the input voltage controls by the output current.
In FET current used to flow between the drain and the source terminal. And this current can be controlled by applying the voltage between the gate and the source terminal.
So this applied voltage generate the electric field within the device and by controlling these electric field we can control the flow of current through the device.
This document describes designing and building a circuit to demonstrate the working of a NAND gate using transistors and diodes. It explains the components used including transistors, diodes, resistors, switches and an LED. It provides details on the circuit diagram and how the NAND gate works for different input combinations, with the output being high except when both inputs are high, demonstrating the NAND logic function. It concludes that the experimental output matches what is expected from the truth table.
This document describes the NAND gate, a digital logic gate that implements the NAND logical operation. It has two or more inputs but only one output. The output is HIGH only if at least one of the inputs is LOW, and is LOW only when all inputs are HIGH. NAND gates can be used to implement any Boolean function, and are commonly used to build circuits because they are simple and fast. The document explains how NAND gates can function as NOT, AND, and OR gates and illustrates their pin diagrams and truth tables.
The document discusses electric and magnetic fields produced by conductors and their effects on human health. It summarizes research showing fields can induce tiny currents in the body, but the health effects of long-term exposure are still unclear. Guidelines from ICNIRP limit field exposure and were used to survey fields in DEWA substations, finding all levels were under restricted limits and pose no health risks.
Chemistry Practical Record Full CBSE Class 12 Muhammad Jassim
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
The document discusses different types of multivibrators, including bistable, monostable, and astable multivibrators. A multivibrator is an electronic circuit that generates non-sinusoidal oscillations using switching elements like transistors. Bistable multivibrators have two stable states, monostable multivibrators have one stable state and need a trigger, and astable multivibrators have no permanent stable states and oscillate continuously between two quasi-stable states. Common applications include using bistable multivibrators as memory elements, monostable multivibrators as timing circuits, and astable multivibrators as square wave generators.
Shift registers are constructed using flip-flops connected in a way to store and transfer digital data. Data is stored at the Q output of D flip-flops during a clock pulse. Shift registers allow data to be transferred between flip-flops upon a clock edge. There are four types of data movement: serial in serial out, serial in parallel out, parallel in serial out, and parallel in parallel out. Shift registers can be loaded serially or in parallel and are used in applications like pseudo random pattern generators, ring counters, and Johnson counters.
The document discusses logic gates and their circuitry. It describes the 7 main logic gates: NOT, AND, OR, NAND, NOR, XOR, and XNOR. It explains how each gate functions and provides their truth tables. The document then details an experiment where samples of each logic gate integrated circuit were connected in a circuit. The output of each gate was tested with different inputs and compared to their truth tables. It aims to help students understand the components and functionality of logic gates.
Siddharth Singh completed an investigatory physics project on transformers under the guidance of his teacher Mrs. Anjali Upmanyu. The project aimed to investigate the relationship between the ratio of input/output voltage and the number of turns in the primary and secondary coils of a self-made transformer. Various experiments were conducted using an iron rod and copper wire to wind primary and secondary coils with different turn ratios. Observations showed that output voltage depends directly on the ratio of turns between the coils, with step-up transformers having more turns in the secondary coil and step-down transformers having more in the primary coil.
Photoelectric effect and experimental setupOmkar Rane
Group D7 has 5 members from different batches: Omkar Rane, Prashant Mungase, Mehul Joshi, Jamir Sheikh, and Vikram Kare.
The document then discusses the timeline of developments in understanding the photoelectric effect. It describes early observations by Heinrich Hertz in 1887, definitive studies by Philipp Lenard in the 1890s, and Albert Einstein's 1905 paper explaining that light behaves as discrete packets of energy called photons.
This document describes an R-2R ladder digital-to-analog converter (DAC). It explains that an R-2R ladder DAC uses only two resistor values, R and 2R, to convert a binary input signal into an analog output voltage. The circuit diagram and working of the R-2R ladder is provided. A 4-bit R-2R ladder DAC is simulated showing the output combinations. Advantages like only needing two resistor values and ability to expand bits are discussed. Applications like audio amplifiers and motor control are also listed.
verification of logic gates cbse class 12Kirthi Kirthu
This document describes a physics investigatory project on logic gates submitted by S. Kiruthiga of Kendriya Vidyalaya, Dharmapuri. It includes an introduction to logic gates, their basic principles and types including OR, AND, NOT, NOR and NAND gates. Circuit diagrams and truth tables are provided for each gate. The project was guided by [name removed] and certifies this as Kiruthiga's bona fide work.
This project report describes the construction of a 6 LED dancing light circuit. The circuit uses two transistors, resistors, and capacitors to cause the LEDs to light up alternately, resembling dancing lights. The report provides details of the components used, including the types and values of resistors, capacitors, transistors, and LEDs. It explains the step-by-step procedure for soldering the components onto the PCB and ensuring proper wiring of the battery. The student acknowledges help received from their project guide in learning about the components, measuring their values, soldering techniques, and troubleshooting issues.
A diode is an electronic component with two electrodes called the anode and cathode. It allows current to flow easily in one direction but blocks it in the other. The document discusses the theory of operation of a PN junction diode, including how applying different biases (zero, forward, reverse) changes the width of the depletion region and thus the diode's conductivity. Key aspects covered are the diode's I-V characteristics curve, forward and reverse bias regions, and breakdown voltage. Useful parameters like maximum forward current and forward voltage drop are also defined.
The NAND gate is a universal gate that can be used to build all basic logic gates. It is constructed by connecting a NOT gate to the output of an AND gate. In its truth table, the NAND gate output is 0 only when both inputs are 1, and 1 for all other combinations. Circuits for AND, OR, NOT, NOR, half adder, and full adder can all be made using only NAND gates, demonstrating its universal properties for building digital logic functions.
The document discusses alternating current (AC) circuits and concepts. It covers:
1. The definitions and characteristics of alternating emf and current, including their sinusoidal waveform and the relationships between peak, average, and root mean square (RMS) values.
2. The behavior of AC circuits containing a resistor, inductor, or capacitor, including the phase relationships between current and voltage.
3. Resonance in an AC LCR circuit, including definitions of resonant frequency and quality factor.
4. Calculations of power in AC circuits with various components and the concept of power factor.
5. Oscillations in an LC circuit and the damping of oscillations over time.
Physics investigatory project for class 12 logic gatesbiswanath dehuri
This document provides an overview of digital electronics and Boolean algebra. It discusses digital and analog signals, different number systems including binary, and basic logic gates. Boolean algebra rules are also covered, including commutative, associative, distributive, AND, and OR laws. Common digital applications are listed such as industrial controls, medical equipment, and communications systems. The key advantages of digital systems are accuracy, versatility, less noise and distortion.
The three terminals of the FET are known as Gate, Drain, and Source.
It is a voltage controlled device, where the input voltage controls by the output current.
In FET current used to flow between the drain and the source terminal. And this current can be controlled by applying the voltage between the gate and the source terminal.
So this applied voltage generate the electric field within the device and by controlling these electric field we can control the flow of current through the device.
This document describes designing and building a circuit to demonstrate the working of a NAND gate using transistors and diodes. It explains the components used including transistors, diodes, resistors, switches and an LED. It provides details on the circuit diagram and how the NAND gate works for different input combinations, with the output being high except when both inputs are high, demonstrating the NAND logic function. It concludes that the experimental output matches what is expected from the truth table.
This document describes the NAND gate, a digital logic gate that implements the NAND logical operation. It has two or more inputs but only one output. The output is HIGH only if at least one of the inputs is LOW, and is LOW only when all inputs are HIGH. NAND gates can be used to implement any Boolean function, and are commonly used to build circuits because they are simple and fast. The document explains how NAND gates can function as NOT, AND, and OR gates and illustrates their pin diagrams and truth tables.
The document discusses electric and magnetic fields produced by conductors and their effects on human health. It summarizes research showing fields can induce tiny currents in the body, but the health effects of long-term exposure are still unclear. Guidelines from ICNIRP limit field exposure and were used to survey fields in DEWA substations, finding all levels were under restricted limits and pose no health risks.
Chemistry Practical Record Full CBSE Class 12 Muhammad Jassim
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
The document discusses different types of multivibrators, including bistable, monostable, and astable multivibrators. A multivibrator is an electronic circuit that generates non-sinusoidal oscillations using switching elements like transistors. Bistable multivibrators have two stable states, monostable multivibrators have one stable state and need a trigger, and astable multivibrators have no permanent stable states and oscillate continuously between two quasi-stable states. Common applications include using bistable multivibrators as memory elements, monostable multivibrators as timing circuits, and astable multivibrators as square wave generators.
Shift registers are constructed using flip-flops connected in a way to store and transfer digital data. Data is stored at the Q output of D flip-flops during a clock pulse. Shift registers allow data to be transferred between flip-flops upon a clock edge. There are four types of data movement: serial in serial out, serial in parallel out, parallel in serial out, and parallel in parallel out. Shift registers can be loaded serially or in parallel and are used in applications like pseudo random pattern generators, ring counters, and Johnson counters.
The document discusses logic gates and their circuitry. It describes the 7 main logic gates: NOT, AND, OR, NAND, NOR, XOR, and XNOR. It explains how each gate functions and provides their truth tables. The document then details an experiment where samples of each logic gate integrated circuit were connected in a circuit. The output of each gate was tested with different inputs and compared to their truth tables. It aims to help students understand the components and functionality of logic gates.
The document provides details about demonstration experiments involving logic gates and transformers.
It describes the basic logic gates - OR, AND, NOT, NOR, NAND, EXOR and EXNOR - and provides their truth tables and circuit designs. It also explains the working of step-down and step-up transformers through circuit diagrams and discusses transformer ratio, efficiency and various energy losses in transformers.
The document describes an experiment to write VHDL code for basic logic gates. It includes the truth tables, logic diagrams, and VHDL code for AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, and EXOR gates. Waveform diagrams are provided to simulate the behavior of each gate.
This document provides an introduction to basic logic gates. It includes:
1. An introduction that defines logic gates and their use of diodes to allow or block signals based on logic conditions.
2. Descriptions of three basic logic gates - OR, AND, and NOT - including their symbols, Boolean expressions, and truth tables.
3. Sections on each of the three basic gates that explain how to simulate them using components like diodes, transistors, and resistors, and provide examples of their truth tables.
The document serves as an overview of logic gates, their components, representations, and functions as basic building blocks of digital circuits.
This document describes an experiment to characterize the properties of a bipolar junction transistor (BJT). The experiment involves measuring the collector current at different collector-emitter voltages while varying the base current. From the results, the DC current gain is calculated at different voltages and found to increase with increasing voltage. The incremental resistance is also calculated from two points on the curve for the highest base current and found to be approximately 568 ohms. In conclusion, the experiment demonstrates the transistor's ability to amplify current and how its properties vary with operating conditions.
The following presentation is a part of the level 4 module -- Digital Logic and Signal Principles. This resources is a part of the 2009/2010 Engineering (foundation degree, BEng and HN) courses from University of Wales Newport (course codes H101, H691, H620, HH37 and 001H). This resource is a part of the core modules for the full time 1st year undergraduate programme.
The BEng & Foundation Degrees and HNC/D in Engineering are designed to meet the needs of employers by placing the emphasis on the theoretical, practical and vocational aspects of engineering within the workplace and beyond. Engineering is becoming more high profile, and therefore more in demand as a skill set, in today’s high-tech world. This course has been designed to provide you with knowledge, skills and practical experience encountered in everyday engineering environments.
This document provides an introduction to the first experiment on basic logic gates. The experiment aims to study the operation principles of AND, OR, INVERTER, NAND, and NOR gates through their truth tables, logic diagrams, and Boolean algebra representations. The theory section defines logic-1 and logic-0 voltage levels and explains that logic gates are the basic building blocks of digital circuits. It then discusses the operation and truth tables of each basic 2-input logic gate - AND, OR, INVERTER, NAND, and NOR. The experiment will examine these logic gates using integrated circuits to better understand their functions and applications in digital electronics.
1. A flip-flop is a basic element of sequential circuits that has two stable states and whose output depends on both the current input and its previous state.
2. An SR flip-flop can be constructed using two NOR gates, with states that are set by a high S input and reset by a high R input.
3. Gated flip-flops only change state in response to changes at the clock input, allowing the circuit response to be controlled at specific times.
physics investigatory project class 12 on logic gates ,boolean algebrasukhtej
The document discusses logic gates and their applications. It begins by defining logic gates and their basic components. It then provides details on designing and simulating various logic gate circuits including OR, AND, NOT, NOR, NAND, XOR, XNOR gates. Finally, it discusses some common applications of logic gates such as using OR gates to detect events, AND gates as enable/inhibit gates, XOR/XNOR gates for parity generation/checking, and NOT gates as inverters in oscillators.
This document is a lab manual for an Electrical and Electronics Engineering course. It provides instructions and details for 12 experiments related to house wiring, ceiling fans, motors, and lighting equipment. The first experiment discusses assembling basic house wiring including components like switches, sockets, and an energy meter. The second experiment focuses on connecting a ceiling fan and varying its speed using a regulator. Circuit diagrams, component details, procedures, and expected results are outlined for safe and effective completion of the experiments.
This document appears to be a project report for a school management software developed by three students. It includes sections for an introduction to the project, coding details, and functions for various modules like the office, library, and laboratory. The project aims to digitize key school administration tasks like maintaining student and teacher databases, tracking books in the library, and equipment in various labs.
The document is a physics investigatory project report by a 12th grade student on transformers. It includes an introduction to transformers, the theory behind their operation, the apparatus used, experimental procedure followed to investigate the relationship between input/output voltage and primary/secondary coil turns, uses of transformers, conclusions drawn, and sources cited. The student successfully completed the project under a teacher's guidance to fulfill curriculum requirements.
The document discusses logic gates and their usage. It introduces different logic gates including AND, OR, NAND, NOR, XOR and XNOR. It describes how to draw logic circuits from Boolean expressions and analyze circuits to obtain logical expressions. The document also discusses how NAND and NOR gates are universal and can be used to build any other logic gate. It covers positive and negative logic and how to construct sum-of-product and product-of-sum expressions using logic gates.
The document discusses basic logic gates and digital design. It covers the NOT, AND, and OR gates, as well as NAND and NOR gates. It explains DeMorgan's Theorem and how it can be used to transform expressions between AND/OR and NAND/NOR forms. The XOR and XNOR gates are also covered. Finally, it discusses multiple-input gates such as AND, OR, NAND, and NOR gates with more than two inputs.
Project front page, index, certificate, and acknowledgementAnupam Narang
This document is a certificate from Mount Abu Public School certifying that a student completed a research project in physics for their class 12 examination under the guidance of their teacher, Mr. Anupam Narang. It includes an acknowledgement thanking various people who supported the student in completing the project, including their principal, teacher, parents and friends. It also provides an index of the contents and structure of the research project.
Computer Science Investigatory Project Class 12Self-employed
The document describes a project report submitted by Rahul Kushwaha on a railway ticket reservation system. It includes certificates from the guide and examiner approving the report. The report contains sections describing the header files used, files generated, the working of the program, the coding, output screens, and conclusion. It was submitted for a computer science class and thanks the guide, principal, parents and classmates for their support.
Explain Half Adder and Full Adder with Truth Tableelprocus
An adder is a digital logic circuit in electronics that implements addition of numbers. In many computers and other types of processors, adders are used to calculate addresses, similar operations and table indices in the ALU and also in other parts of the processors. These can be built for many numerical representations like excess-3 or binary coded decimal.
Bipolar junction transistor characterstics biassing and amplification, lab 9kehali Haileselassie
This document summarizes an experiment on characterizing the input and output properties of a bipolar junction transistor (BJT) and demonstrating its ability to amplify signals when biased in the active region. Key findings include:
1) Measured voltages and currents matched predicted values closely, both from hand calculations and PSPICE simulations.
2) In the active region, a small AC input signal produced a larger AC output signal, demonstrating amplification. Measured gains matched predictions from an equivalent circuit model.
3) BJT regions of interest - active, cutoff, and saturation - were explored. In the active region the BJT acts as a current source, enabling its use as a signal amplifier.
The document discusses implementing reduced Boolean functions using K-maps and basic or universal logic gates. It provides examples of using K-maps to reduce Boolean expressions in sum of products (SOP) and product of sums (POS) form. Truth tables are converted to K-maps and the reduced expressions are then used to design logic circuits with AND, OR, NOT, NAND and NOR gates. Components required and procedures for building the circuits are also outlined.
This document provides instructions for students to build logic circuits using integrated circuit chips. It describes how integrated circuit chips contain networks of transistors designed to perform logic functions. Students will use 7400 series chips containing NAND, AND, OR and NOT gates. The document explains how to identify pins on the chips and construct truth tables to determine the logic function performed. It provides step-by-step instructions to build several circuits using chips containing combinations of 2-input NAND, AND and OR gates as well as inverter gates. Students are to record the results of each circuit in a truth table and identify the overall logic function performed.
This document presents a minor project on designing a 555 timer integrated circuit testing circuit. It discusses the objective to create a basic circuit using active and passive components to test if a 555 timer IC is functioning properly. The circuit diagram and components include a 555 timer IC, resistors, capacitors, LEDs, and a power supply. The circuit operates in astable mode to test the 555 IC by checking if the LEDs blink alternately, indicating the IC is working, or remain off/unchanged, indicating it is faulty.
This document contains information about experiments to be performed on logic gates and flip flops using integrated circuits. It includes:
- An introduction to the breadboard and safety procedures for building circuits.
- Details of common logic gate ICs such as AND, OR, NOT, NAND and NOR gates.
- Details of flip flop ICs such as D and JK flip flops.
- The aim and apparatus required for an experiment to verify the truth tables of logic gates and flip flop operations.
- Descriptions and truth tables of logic gate and flip flop operations.
This document describes a remote control circuit that allows home appliances to be turned on and off using an infrared remote control from up to 10 meters away. The circuit consists of an infrared transmitter based on a 555 timer IC and an infrared receiver module that detects the signal from the remote and uses a CD4017 IC and relay to switch the appliance. The circuit provides a low-cost solution to remotely control appliances like lamps, fans, and radios from televisions and DVD players.
The document describes experiments to be performed in a digital systems lab. It discusses realizing logic gates using NAND and NOR gates, designing combinational logic circuits like half adders and full adders using NAND gates, designing magnitude comparators using gates and ICs, realizing multiplexers and demultiplexers, using a BCD to 7-segment decoder with a display, and designing ripple counters using JK flip-flops. The experiments aim to help students learn digital logic design and implement various circuits using logic gates and ICs on a breadboard. Precautions are outlined to ensure proper connections and prevent damage to components.
This document describes how to implement a 16:1 multiplexer using two 8:1 multiplexers and an OR gate. It provides details on the components needed, including IC 74151 (8:1 multiplexer), IC 7432 (OR gate), and IC 7404 (NOT gate). It includes the pin descriptions and truth tables of the IC 74151 8:1 multiplexer. The circuit diagram shows how two IC 74151 multiplexers and an IC 7432 OR gate can be connected to create a 16:1 multiplexer. The procedure and results of building this circuit on a logic gates trainer kit are also outlined.
Stanley a Meyers analysis and test results of gated pulse frequency generator...Daniel Donatelli
Stanley a Meyers analysis and test results of gated pulse frequency generator functional description www.hot-rod-usa.com #hydrogen #hho #electronics #circuits
Logic gate tester for IC's ( Digital Electronics and Logic deisgn EE3114 )Jikrul Sayeed
Name of the project: Logic Gate Tester for DELD EE3114
1.1Abstract:
Performing various types of logic operation we need to use logic gates and in integrated circuit there are more than one gates fabricated in a single IC. Before using gates for various purposes we need to check logic gates including all logic
combination considering in Binary (Logic 1 & 0) needs to implement. It is a time consuming task to check all the input combinations, thus the sole purpose of this project to make it automatic to check all the logic .
The document presents the design of a logical circuit for a money deposit machine display. It uses a 3-bit parallel adder made of 2 full adders and 1 half adder to credit amounts up to 7 with a maximum total of 15. The circuit was developed using 3 XOR, 3 AND, and 2 OR gates. It was tested on all 64 possible test cases to meet the specifications.
8 inch TFT-LCD Datesheet, AUO, 800*1280, MIPI InterfacePanox Display
Display Brand AUO
Interface MIPI
Screen Size 8 inch
Orientation Portrait
Display Color Full Color
Manufacturer Panox Display
Resolution 800x1280
Driver IC ER88577
HDMI Controller Board Available
For more
https://www.panoxdisplay.com/tft-lcd/8-inch-tft-lcd-800x1280-mipi.html
This document discusses the implementation of half adders and full adders using basic logic gates and universal gates. It provides truth tables and logic equations for half adders and full adders. Circuit designs are shown for implementing half adders using only NAND gates or only NOR gates. Full adders are also implemented using basic gates, two half adders, or only NAND gates or only NOR gates. The purpose is for students to realize adder circuits using different gate configurations and observe the outputs on an IC trainer kit by providing various input combinations.
This document discusses digital logic gates and integrated circuits. It describes the NAND gate and how it is constructed from an AND gate and inverter. It explains that integrated circuit chips contain networks of transistors to perform logic functions and discusses the common 7400 series chips. It then gives details on an experiment to design and simulate OR, NAND, AND, and NOR logic gates using integrated circuits, LEDs, resistors, and a breadboard. Truth tables are provided to summarize the output for each gate based on the input values.
This document discusses digital logic gates and integrated circuits. It describes the NAND gate and how it is constructed from an AND gate and inverter. It explains that integrated circuit chips contain networks of transistors to perform logic functions and discusses the common 7400 series chips. It then gives details on an experiment to design and simulate OR, NAND, AND logic gate circuits using integrated circuits, resistors, LEDs, and a breadboard. Truth tables are provided to summarize the output for each gate based on the input values.
This document describes the design, construction, and operation of a 4-bit binary counting circuit. The circuit uses a PIC microcontroller as the central processing unit and includes four LEDs to display the binary output and a 7-segment display to show the decimal equivalent. The microcontroller processes the binary count from 0000 to 1111 and drives the LEDs and display. The circuit was constructed using common electronic components on a printed circuit board and its functionality was tested through simulation software and operation. The counting circuit can be used for applications requiring binary to decimal conversion like computers, frequency dividers, and timers.
Design, Construction and Operation of a 4-Bit Counting CircuitIOSR Journals
This document describes the design, construction, and operation of a 4-bit binary counting circuit. The circuit uses a PIC microcontroller as the central processing unit. It has four light emitting diodes (LEDs) to display the binary output and a dual seven-segment display to show the decimal equivalent. The microcontroller processes the binary information and controls the LEDs and display. The circuit was tested and able to count from 0000 to 1111 binary and 0 to 15 in decimal as each count pulse was received.
IJCER (www.ijceronline.com) International Journal of computational Engineerin...ijceronline
This document discusses the design of an IC tester using an 89s52 microcontroller. The IC tester allows checking if ICs are functioning properly by applying input signals and measuring the corresponding output. It uses an 89s52 microcontroller interfaced with a keyboard and LCD display to test 74-series ICs inserted into a ZIF socket. The microcontroller applies preset input patterns and checks if the IC output matches expected values, displaying the result on the LCD as "IC TESTED OK" or "IC TESTED FAILED". The 89s52 was chosen for its advantages like program memory, RAM, timers and I/O lines which make it suitable for interfacing and running the IC testing procedures.
IC 4017 is a 16 Pin Decade counter, used to produce decoded decimal count as output. Find a couple of applications like circling LEDs and running light.
IC 4017 Pin Configuration and Its Applicationelprocus
The 4017 is an Integrated Circuit (IC) which has been designed to count pulses. It has 16 pins and looks like any other 16 pin integrated circuit. The IC 4017 can be considered as one of the most useful and versatile chip having numerous electronic circuit applications.
This document provides instructions for Lab 1 of the ENGG2410 Digital Design course. The objectives of the lab are to introduce students to digital lab equipment, build basic combinational logic circuits using integrated circuits, and practice testing and debugging circuits. Students will design and build three combinational logic circuits using TTL gates, testing their functionality and debugging any issues with guidance from a teaching assistant.
1. EXPERIMENT NO. 1
AIM:- Verification of basic gates
COMPONENTS:- 5 v power supply, Bread board, connecting wires, LED(1), IC7404,
7408, 7432, 7486, 74266, 7400, 7402
IC DIAGRAM & TRUTH TABLE:- BASIC GATES
IC7404 (NOT GATE)
i/p o/p
A Y
0 1
1 0
IC7432 (OR GATE) Y=
i/p o/p
A B Y
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 1
IC7408(AND GATE) Y=
i/p o/p
A B Y
0 0 0
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 1
2. DERIVED GATES
IC7486(EX-OR GATE) Y=
i/p o/p
A B Y
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0
IC74266(EX-NOR GATE) Y=
i/p o/p
A B Y
0 0 1
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 1
UNIVERSAL GATES
IC7400(NAND GATE) Y=
i/p o/p
A B Y
0 0 1
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0
3. IC7402(NOR GATE) Y=
i/p o/p
A B Y
0 0 1
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 0
THEORY:- In digital system there are only few basic operations performed, irrespective of the
complexity of the system . These operations may be required to be performed number of times in a
large digital system like digital computer or digital control systems, etc. The basic operations are AND,
OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, EX-OR, EX-NOR. The circuits which perform these operations are called as
GATEs. These GATEs are basic building blocks for any digital circuit.
PROCEDURE:-1) Connect the IC on the bread board.
2) Connect pin no. 7 to ground and pin no. 14 to vcc (5v supply).
3) Connect the LED to the o/p pin of a gate.
4) give the i/p to the i/p pins of the same gate
5) Verify the o/p with respect to the i/p.
RESULT:-
CONCLUSION:-
PRECAUTIONS:- 1) Power supply should not exceeds than 5v.
2) Connections should be tight.
3) Components should be tested before performing the practical.
4. EXPERIMENT NO. 2
AIM:- Study of full adder , full substractor and BCD adder
COMPONENTS:- IC 7486, IC7408, IC 7432, IC7404, IC 7410, IC7400, IC7483(2), LED(6), Register(6)470Ω,
Bread board, power supply, connecting wires.
DIAGRAM & TRUTH TABLE:-
Full Adder
A B Cin S Co
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 1 1 0
0 1 0 1 0
0 1 1 0 1
1 0 0 1 0
1 0 1 0 1
1 1 0 0 1
1 1 1 1 1
Full Substractor
A B Cin D B
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 1 1 1
0 1 0 1 1
0 1 1 0 1
1 0 0 1 0
1 0 1 0 0
1 1 0 0 0
1 1 1 1 1
5. BCD Adder
THEORY:-
PROCADURE:-1) Mount the ICs on the bread board.
2) Do the connections for Full adder, substractor, BCD adder.
3) Apply 5v supply to pin 14 of each IC and connect pin 7 of each IC to ground.
4) Check the o/p on LED’s and verify the truth table for each ckt.
RESULT:-
CONCLUSION:-
PRECAUTIONS:- 1) Power supply should not exceeds than 5v.
2) Connections should be tight.
3) Components should be tested before performing the practical.
6. EXPERIMENT NO. 3
AIM:- Implementation of Parity checker using gates.
COMPONENTS:- IC7486, LED, register, bread board, connecting wires power supply.
DIAGRAM & TRUTH TABLE:-
input o/p
P B2 B1 B0 PEO
0 0 0 0 1
0 0 0 1 0
0 0 1 0 0
0 0 1 1 1
0 1 0 0 0
0 1 0 1 1
0 1 1 0 1
0 1 1 1 0
1 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 1 1
1 0 1 0 1
1 0 1 1 0
1 1 0 0 1
1 1 0 1 0
1 1 1 0 0
1 1 1 1 1
THEORY:-
PROCEDURE:- 1) Do the connections as per the ckt. Diagram.
2) Give asset of i/p to the ckt.
3) Check the error o/p.
4) Verify the truth table for ODD parity.
RESULT:-
CONCLUSION:-
PRECAUTIONS:- 1) Power supply should not exceeds than 5v.
2) Connections should be tight.
3) Components should be tested before performing the practical.
7. EXPERIMENT NO. 4
AIM:- Implementation of Boolean expression using MUX IC 74153.
Y=
COMPONENTS:- IC74153, LED, 470Ω register,IC7432, bread board , connecting wires, etc.
DIAGRAM & TRUTH TABLE:-
input o/p
S3 S2 S1 Y
0 0 0 1
0 0 1 0
0 1 0 1
0 1 1 0
1 0 0 1
1 0 1 0
1 1 0 1
1 1 1 0
THEORY:-
PROCEDURE:- 1) Mount the IC on the bread board.
2) Do the connections as given in the ckt. Diagram.
3) Connect pin no. 8 of IC74153 to ground and pin no. 16 to Vcc.
4) Connect pin no. 7 of IC 7432& IC7404 to ground and pin no. 14 to Vcc.
5) Give the i/p and verify the o/p .
RESULT:-
CONCLUSION:-
PRECAUTIONS:- 1) Power supply should not exceeds than 5v.
2) Connections should be tight.
3) Components should be tested before performing the practical.
8. EXPERIMENT NO. 5
AIM:- Implement the following function using 4:16 line decoder.
F 1= F 1=
COMPONENTS:- IC 74154, 2LED , 2 register 470Ω, 2 IC7432, 2 IC7404, bread board connecting wires.
DIAGRAM:-
input o/p
A B C D F1 F2
0 0 0 0 1 0
0 0 0 1 1 0
0 0 1 0 1 0
0 0 1 1 1 0
0 1 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 1 0 0
0 1 1 0 0 0
0 1 1 1 0 0
1 0 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 1 0 0
1 0 1 0 0 0
1 0 1 1 0 0
1 1 0 0 0 1
1 1 0 1 0 1
1 1 1 0 0 1
1 1 1 1 0 1
THEORY:-
PROCEDURE:- 1) Mount the IC on the bread board. Do the connections as given in the ckt. Diagram
2) Connect pin no. 12 of IC74154 to ground and pin no. 24 to Vcc.
3) Connect pin no. 7 of IC 7432 & IC7404 to ground and pin no. 14 to Vcc.
4) Give the i/p and verify the o/p .
RESULT:-
CONCLUSION:-
PRECAUTIONS:- 1) Power supply should not exceeds than 5v.
2) Connections should be tight.
3) Components should be tested before performing the practical.
9. EXPERIMENT NO. 6
AIM:- Conversion of Flip-flop.
COMPONENTS:- 2(IC7400) ,(IC7410),bread board,2 registers, connecting wires,2 LED’s,power supply.
DIAGRAM :-
D FF from SR FF
INPUTS OUTPUTS COMMENT
E D QN+1 QN+1
0 X QN QN NC
1 0 0 1 RESET
1 1 1 0 SET
JK FF from T FF
INPUTS OUTPUTS COMMENT
E T QN+1 QN+1
0 X QN QN NC
1 0 QN QN NC
1 1 QN QN TOGGLE
THEORY:-
PROCEDURE:-1) Connect the circuit as given in the diagram.
2) Apply the inputs and clock input to the circuit.
3) Connect the LED to the o/p pin of a gate.
5) Verify the o/p on LEDs and verify the truth table given.
RESULT:-
10. EXPERIMENT NO. 7
AIM:- Design decade counter using IC7490.
COMPONENTS:- IC7490, bread board, connecting wires , LED’s 4, power supply.
DIAGRAM & TRUTH TABLE:-
CLK OA OB OC OD
0 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 1
2 0 0 1 0
3 0 0 1 1
4 0 1 0 0
5 0 1 0 1
6 0 1 1 0
7 0 1 1 1
8 1 0 0 0
9 1 0 0 1
10 1 0 1 0
11 1 0 1 1
THEORY:-
PROCEDURE:- 1) Mount the IC 7490 on the bread board.
2) Do the connections as given in the diagram.
3) Check the sequence generated by counter & verify the truth table.
RESULT:-
CONCLUSION:-
PRECAUTIONS:- 1) Power supply should not exceeds than 5v.
2) Connections should be tight.
3) Components should be tested before performing the practical.
11. EXPERIMENT NO. 8
AIM:- Study of universal shift register IC7495.
COMPONENTS:- IC7495, bread board, connecting wires, 4 LED’s, power supply.
DIAGRAM:-
Pin diagram
Pin Function
1 Serial i/p
2,3,4,5 Parallel i/p
6 Mode control
8 Clock for left
shift & load
9 Clock for right
shift
10,11, o/p’s
12,13
Parallel loading
Serial shift right Serial shift left
12. THEORY:-
PROCEDURE:- 1) Connect the IC 7495 on the bread board.
2) Give clock from function generator.
3) Do the connections for the register in different modes one by one and check the
o/p on LED’s.
RESULT:-
CONCLUSION:-
PRECAUTIONS:- 1) Power supply should not exceeds than 5v.
2) Connections should be tight.
3) Components should be tested before performing the practical.
CONCLUSION:-
PRECAUTIONS:- 1) Power supply should not exceeds than 5v.
2) Connections should be tight.
3) Components should be tested before performing the practical.
13. ATHARVA COLLEGE OF ENGG.
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS ENGG.
SUB:- DIGITAL SYSTEM DESIGN
LIST OF EXPERIMENT
1) Verification of basic gates
2) Study of full adder , full substractor and BCD adder
3) Implementation of Parity checker using gates.
4) Implementation of Boolean expression using MUX IC 74153.
Y=
5) Implement the following function using 4:16 line decoder.
F1=
6) Convert SR FF into JK, D and T FF
7) Design decade counter using IC7490.
8) Study of universal shift register IC7495.
Mr.zafar khan
(Subject in charge DSD-1)