This document provides details about an experimental study on concrete that utilizes industrial waste and advanced construction materials. The objectives are to study the compatibility of used foundry sand as industrial waste and silica fume as an advanced material in concrete, and to compare the compressive strengths of concrete with silica fume and nano silica. The experimental plan involves casting concrete cubes and cylinders with partial replacements of fine aggregate with used foundry sand and cement with silica fume or nano silica. The specimens will be tested for compressive strength, split tensile strength, water absorption, and acid resistance at various ages. Literature on the topics is also reviewed to understand previous findings.

1. Prepared By: Guided By:
Mehul Bavda(120570106506) Prof.Dushyant Bhimani
Divyarajsinh Chudasama(120570106513) Assistant Professor
Shubham Vasoya(120570106520) Civil Department
Dhaven Rughani(120570106534) M.E.F.G.I.

2. INTRODUCTION
LITERATURE REVIEW
OBJECTIVES OF STUDY
SCOPE OF WORK
EXPERIMENTAL MATERIALS
EXPERIMENTAL METHODOLOGY
SOURCE OF MATERIAL
PROCESS FOR CASTING CONCRETE
QUANTITIES OF MATERIALS
EXPERIMENT TEST RESULTS
RATE ANALYSIS
CONCLUSION
REFERANCES

3.  Concrete is a composite material composed
of aggregate bonded together with a
fluid cement which hardens over time. Most use of
the term "concrete" refers to Portland cement.
 The manufacture and use of concrete produce a wide
range of environmental and social consequences.
 A major component of concrete is cement, which
similarly exerts environmental and social effects.

4.  Cement manufacture causes environmental impacts at all
stages of the process. These include emissions of
airborne pollution in the form of dust, gases, noise.
 The amount of CO2 emitted by the cement industry is
nearly 900 kg of CO2 for every 1000 kg of cement
produced.
 So, reducing CO₂ emission by partial replacement of
cement using advance construction material silica fume
as well as nano silica.

5. Title Author
(Publishing Date)
Year & Issue
Foundary sand facts for
civil engineering
U.S. department of
transport
(April 2004)
FHWA-IF-04-004
Silica fume user manual U.S. department of
transport
(April 2005)
FHWA-IF-05-016
Characteristics of blended
cement content nano silica
Md.Heikal
S.Abd El Aleem
W.M.Massi
(11 Sep 2013)
HBRC Journal(2013-
9,243-255)
Effect of used foundary
sand & pozzocrete partial
replacement with F.A. &
Cement in concrete
Dushyant R.Bhimani
Jayesh Kumar Pitroda
Jaydev J.Bhavsar
IJITEE
ISSN:2278-3075,vol-2
,Issue-4
March 2013

6. Title Author Year & Issue
Performance of OPC
mixes contains lime
water and silica fume
Metwally Aa Abd
Elatty
Mariam Froak Ghazy
(23 Dec 2013)
HBRC Journal
(2014-10,247-257)
(Science Direct)
Use of used foundary
sand in Concrete : A
state of art review
Smit m.Kacha
Abhay V.Nakum
Ankur C. Bhogayata
IJRET Vol:3 Issue:2
eISSN:2319-1163
pISSN:2321-7308
Capillary of concrete
in cooperating waste
foundary sand
M.Khatib ,B.A.Herki
, S.Kenai
Construction &
Building Material
47(2013) 867-871

7. Title Author Year & Issue
Mixed concrete
optimization using Fly
ash, Silica Fumes & Iron
Slag on SCC’s
Compressive strength
Rahrjo. D
Subakti .A
Tavio
Procedia Engineering
54(2013)-827-839
Influence of Silica fumes
on mechanincal &
physical properties on
recycled aggregate
Özgür
Sakar
Omer ozkan
HBRC Journal (2015)-
11,157-166
Using foundary sand in
green infrastructure
construction
S.L.Bradshaw
C.H.Benson
J.S.Melton
Green street & Highway
2010 ,ASCE 2011

8. Title Author Year & Issue
Influence of nano
materials on flexural
behavior and
compressive strength of
concrete
Anwar M. Mohamed HBRC Journal
(2015)
xxx, xxx–xxx
Experimental study of
the effect of addition of
nano-silica on
the behaviour of cement
mortars
Mounir Ltifi, Achraf
Guefrech, Pierre
Mounanga, Abdelhafid
Khelidj
Procedia Engineering 10
(2011)
900–905
Investigation of
Mechanical and
Durability Properties of
Concrete Influenced by
Hybrid Nano Silica and
Micro Zeolite
H. Eskandari, M. Vaghefi,
K. Kowsari
Procedia Materials
Science
11 ( 2015 )
594 – 599

9. Conclusion
Of
Literature
Review

10. 1)Effect of used foundary sand & pozzocrete partial
replacement with F.A. & Cement in concrete by Dushyant
Bhimani , Jayesh kumar Pitroda & Jaydev Bhavsar Concludes
that,
• Pozzocrete P60 and used foundry sand can be used to
prepared low cost temporary structure.
• The results indicate that the % change in cost reduce up to
5.17 for 50% replacement of used foundry sand plus 10%
replacement of pozzocrete

11. 2)Use of used foundary sand in concrete :A state of review
by Smit M. Kacha , Abhay V. Nakum, Ankur C. Bhogayata
Conclude that,
• Concrete up to 30-40% replacement of fine aggregate
with foundry sand in which compressive and tensile
strength is increased up to 20% whereas not much change
occurs in modulus of elasticity.
• Workability is decreases with the increase of foundry
sand content because of very fine particles.
• Concrete made with foundry sand can be suitably used in
making structural grade concrete

12. 3) Performance of Portland cement mixes containing silica
fume and mixed with lime-water by Metwally A.A. Abd
Elaty , Mariam Farouk Ghazy Concludes that,
 The combined use of SF and LW in Portland cement
concrete mixes delayed both initial and final setting times.
The maximum delay in initial setting time was noticed
83% over the control mix.
33.2% increase of the compressive strength was
recorded for mix C30LW at 60 days age.

13. 4) Charactarastics of blended cement containing silica by
Mohamed Heikal a, S. Abd El Aleem b, W.M. Morsi
 The water demand and setting times of OPC–GBFS–
Silica increase with Silica content; this is due to the
retardation of the setting in the presence of 1% of super
plasticizer.
The compressive and flexural strengths of OPC–
GBFS–Silica cement mortars containing Silica are higher
than those of OPC–GBFS control mix (M3).

14. 5) Influence of nano materials on flexural behavior and
compressive strength of concrete by Anawar Mohhamad.
 Partially replacing cement with nano silica upto 3.75%
Improvement in flexural strength by 4 to 8% at interval
of 90 days.

15. 6) Experimental study of the effect of addition of nano-
silica on the behavior of cement mortars by Mounir Ltifia,
Achraf Guefrech, Pierre Mounangab,d, Abdelhafid Khelidj
 Compressive strengths increase with increasing the nano-
SiO2 content.
The influence of nano-SiO2 on consistency and setting
time are different. Nano-SiO2 makes cement paste thicker
and accelerates the cement hydration process

16. 7) Investigation of Mechanical and Durability Properties of
Concrete Influenced by Hybrid Nano Silica and Micro
Zeolite by H. Eskandaria,, M. Vaghefib, K. Kowsaric
 In this experiment replacing cement with max 2% nano
silica and 10% microzeolite.
The optimized mixture for achieving high quality of
durability is incorporation of 2% nano silica and 8% micro
zeolite.
 Decrease rate of tensile strength is less than compressive
strength in all ages.

17.  To check the Compatibility of Combination of Industrial
waste (Used Foundary sand) and Advance Construction
material (Silica fume) in the Concrete.
 Also comparing earlier and later compressive strength
of concrete using silica fume and Nano silica .

18. OBJECTIVES OF STUDY
 To study silica fume as advance construction material as
well as nanosilica .
 To study used Foundary sand as industrial waste.
 By using industrial waste we will make the environment
friendly concrete.

19.  To make concrete dense due to very small particles of
silica fumes & nanosilica .
 To study the effect on strength by replacement of
aggregate by used Foundary sand and cement with
silica fume.
 Comparing the compressive strength of concrete with
silica fume & nano silica

20.  Utilization of Used Foundary sand, silica fume and
Nano silica in the Concrete by carryout various
destructive tests on concrete.
 Experimental Investigations On Concrete By Using
Advance Construction Material and Industrial Waste
By Various Parameters Such As,
 Percentages of Used Foundary sand
 Percentages of Silica Fume
 Percentages of Nano silica

21.  Compressive Strength Test (IS 516 : 1959)
 7,14 and 28 Days
 Split Tensile Test (IS 9399 : 1979)
 28 Days
 Durability Test
 (Water Absorption Test)
 (Acid Attack Test)
 28 Days

22.  150 mm × 150 mm × 150 mm concrete cubes are cast
by using M25 grade concrete. After 24 h the
specimens is remove from the mould and subjected to
water curing for 7, 14 and 28 days. After curing, the
specimens are tested for compressive strength using a
calibrated compression testing machine of 2,000 KN
capacities.
 Compressive strength = P/A
Where, P = failure load(peak)
A= cross sectional area

23.  150 mm Dia. & 300 mm Height concrete cylinders
are cast by using M25 grade concrete. After 24 h the
specimens is remove from the mould and subjected to
water curing for 28 days. After curing, the specimens
are tested for tensile strength using a calibrated
tensile testing machine of 2,000 KN capacities.
 Tensile Strength = 2p/Π*l*d
 p= maximum load in newton applied to specimen
 I = length of the specimen
 d = cross sectional dimension of the specimen

24.  The 150mm×150mm×150mm block after casting will be
immersed in water for 28 days curing. These specimens
will then oven dried for 24 hours at the temperature 110°C
until the mass became constant and again weighed. This
weight was noted as the dry weight (W1) of the block.
After that the specimen will be kept in water for 24 hours.
Then this weight will noted as the wet weight (W2) of the
block.
 % Water Absorption = [(W2 – W1) / W1] x 100
Where,
 W1 = Oven dry weight of cylinder in grams
 W2 = After 24 hours wet weight of cylinder in grams.

25.  This test was carried out on the cube of
150mm*150mm*150mm. Cubes are casted and
demoulded after 24 hours and at the ends of 28 days of
normal curing period tested.
 The specimens were taken out from the curing tank and
initial weight was taken. 5% of sodium sulphate (Na2SO4)
and 5% magnesium sulphate (MgSO4) by weight of water
was added with water as per earlier investigators and a set
of specimens were immersed continuously for a period of
28 days to determine the sulphate resistance of the
concrete with and without mineral admixtures.

26.  % Change In Weight = (W2-W1/W1) X 100
 W1 = Oven Dry Weight In Grams
 W2 = After 28 Days Water Bath Weight In Grams

27. SILICA FUME
USED FOUNDARY SAND
NANO SILICA
OPC 53 GRADE CEMENT
FINE AGGREGATE
COARSE AGGREGATE
WATER
EXPERIMENTAL MATERIALS

28.  Advance construction material Silica Fumes is used as a
replacement of cement.
 Silica fume is an ultrafine material with spherical particles
less than 1 μm in diameter, the average being about 0.15
μm.
 Because of its extreme fineness & high silica content,
silica fume is a very effective pozzolanic material.
 Silica fume is also known as, Condense silica fume, micro
silica , silica dust.

29. Microscopic view of S.F. Silica fumes

30. Property Silica fume(%) Testing Method
SiO2 92.80 ASTM-C-114
Al2O3 0.6 ASTM-C-114
Fe2O3 0.30 ASTM-C-114
Cao <1 ASTM-C-114
Specific Gravity 2.22 ASTM-C-114
General Use in
Concrete
Property
Enhancer
(Source : Stallion Energy Pvt. Ltd.)

31. IS SIEVE
SIZE
Weight retain
(gm)
% Wt.
retained
Cumulative %
of Wt.
retained
Cumulative %
Of passing
2.36 mm 0 0 0 100
2 mm 0 0 0 100
1.4 mm 0 0 0 100
600 µ 3 3 3 97
425 µ 10 10 13 87
150 µ 79 79 92 8
125 µ 8 8 100 0
Total 100 gm 100% 208% -
Fineness Modulus = 208/100 =2.08

32. W1= Empty Bottle Weight = 637 gram
W2= Silica Fume Weight + Bottle Weight = 837 gram
W3= Water + Silica Fume Weight + Bottle
Weight = 1570 gram
W4= Water + Bottle Weight = 1520 gram
G =(W2-W1)/(W2-W1) –(W3-W4)
= 200/(200)-(150)
= 1.33

33. Used Foundary sand
 Used Foundary sand is used as a waste material
instead of Fine aggregate in concrete.
 Metal foundries use large amounts of F.S. in the metal
casting process. Foundries successfully recycle and
reuse the sand many times in a foundry and the
remaining sand that is termed as used foundry sand
which is removed from foundry.
 Use of used foundry sand in various engineering
applications can solve the problem of disposal of used
foundry sand.

34.  This research focuses on studying the effect of used
foundry sand on the mechanical properties of concrete
mixtures as a partial replacement of natural fine
aggregate.
The successful use of industrial waste will aid in
reducing the environmental and health problems related
to the disposal of wastes and the scarcity of land area
needed for disposal.

35. Property Results Test Method
Specific Gravity 2.39 - 2.55 ASTM D854
Bulk Relative Density, kg/m3
(lb/ft3)
2590 (160) ASTM C48/AASHTO T84
Absorption, % 0.45 ASTM C128
Moisture Content, % 0.1 - 10.1 ASTM D2216
Clay Lumps and Friable
Particles
1 - 44 ASTM C142/AASHTO T112
Coefficient of Permeability
(cm/sec)
10-3 - 10-6
AASHTO T215/ASTM
D2434
Plastic limit/plastic index Nonplastic AASHTO T90/ASTM D4318
(Sources: Foundary sand facts for civil engineering)

36. Constituent Value (%)
SiO2 87.91
Al2O3 4.70
Fe2O3 0.94
CaO 0.14
MgO 0.30
SO3 0.09
Na2O 0.19
K2O 0.25
TiO2 0.15
P2O5 0.00
Mn2O3 0.02
SrO 0.03
LOI
5.15 (0.45 to 9.47)
2.1 - 12.1
TOTAL 99.87
(Source : Foundary sand facts for civil engineer)

37. Untreated Foundary
sands
Treated foundary sand

38. IS SIEVE
SIZE
Weight retain
(gm)
% Wt.
retained
Cumulative %
of Wt.
retained
Cumulative %
Of passing
10 mm 0 0 0 100
4 mm 0 0 0 100
2.36 mm 3 0.6 0.6 99.4
2 mm 1 0.2 0.8 99.2
1.4 mm 4 0.8 1.6 98.4
600 µ 27 5.4 7 93
425 µ 15 3 10 90
150 µ 450 90 100 0
125 µ 0 00 100 0
Total 500 gm 100% 220% -
Fineness Modulus = 220/100 =2.20

39. W1= Empty Bottle Weight = 637 gram
W2= Used Foundry Sand Weight + Bottle Weight =
837 gram
W3= Water + Used Foundry Sand Weight + Bottle
Weight = 1.637 gram
W4= Water + Bottle Weight = 1520 gram
G =(W2-W1)/(W2-W1) –(W3-W4)
= 200/(200)-(117)
= 2.40

40.  Silicon dioxide nano particles also known as silica
nano particles or nano silica.
 It produce by dissolution of olive(Mg,Fe)₂Sio₄ at low
temprature (50ºc to 95ºc)produces amorphous silica.
 (Mg,Fe)₂Sio₄+4H*  Si(OH)₄ + (2Mg,Fe)²*
 By this reaction nano silica is produce

41. Nano silica X-ray view of nano silica

42. Olivine
(Mg,Fe)₂Si
o₄
• Crushing
&
Screening
Neutralizatic
with acid
Decantation
• Inert
mineral
(By
Product)
Silica
Filtration
• Nano
Silica
INDUSTRIAL PROCESS OF NANO SILICAMANUFACTURING
Source : AZnano

43. Properties Value
Bulk Density 3 lb/ft³
Molar mass 59.96 g/mol
Surface area 200 m²
Loss of heat < 1.5% max.
Loss of ignition < 2% by Weight
X-ray Form Amorphous
Avg. Partical length 0.2-0.3 micron
(Source : Adinath industries –Ajmer(Rajsthan)

44. Properties Value
Sio₂ > 99.8%
Silicon 46.83%
Oxygen 52.33%
Ph value 3.7-4.3
(Source : Adinath industries –Ajmer(Rajsthan))

45. Cement
(OPC)
F.A. C.A. Grit
Fineness
Modulus 3.15
3.35 7.54 3.19
Specific
Gravity
3.2 2.58 2.76 2.69
Bulk
Density 1362 1753 1741 1711

46. SR NO MATERIALS SOURCES
1 SILICA FUME STALLION ENERGY PVT. LTD., RAJKOT
2 USED FOUNDARY SAND SHREE RANG CASTING,RAJKOT
3 NANO SILICA ADINATH IND. AJMER- RAJSTHAN.
3 OPC CEMENT
(53 GRADE)
MEFGI,RAJKOT
4 FINE AGGREGATE MEFGI,RAJKOT
5 COARSE AGGREGATE
(10 mm)
MEFGI,RAJKOT
6 COARSE AGGREGATE
(20 mm)
MEFGI,RAJKOT
7 WATER MEFGI,RAJKOT

47. MIX PROPORTION
Design as per IS :10262 (2009).
A mix M25 grade was designed as per Indian
Standard method and the same was used to prepare
the test samples. The design mix proportion is done
in following proportion.

48. CEMENT F.A. C.A.
(10mm)
C.A.
(20 mm)
WATER
WEIGHT
(1 M³)
(In Kg.)
383.16 678.54 682.14 454.76 191.58
WEIGHT
(1 CUBE)
(0.003375
M³)
(In Kg.)
1.55 2.748 2.76 1.83 0.775
WEIGHT
(1 CYL.)
(0.0053 M³)
(In Kg.)
2.436 4.308 4.332 2.89 1.212
(With out bulking)

49. BATCHING OF
MATERIAL
MIXING OF MATERIAL
PLACING OF CONCRETE
IN CUBE & CYLINDER
CURING OF CONCRETE
CUBE & CYLINDER

50. (Source : Concrete lab,MEFGI)

51. (Source : Concrete lab,MEFGI)

52. (Source : Concrete lab,MEFGI)

53. (Source : Concrete lab,MEFGI)

55.  150 mm × 150 mm × 150 mm cubes and 150mm dia. &
300mm height cylinders are cast by using M25 grade concrete.
Specimens with Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) partially
replaced with Silica fume at 5%,10% and fine aggregate
replace with foundry sand at 10%, 20% levels is cast.and also
replacing cement with nanosilica by 1%,2%.
 During casting the cubes & cylinders are mechanically
vibrated on vibrator. After 24 hr. the specimens is remove from
the mould and subjected to water curing for 7, 14 and 28 days.

56. Type of concrete Description of concrete
A0 Standard Concrete
A1 5% Silica Fume + 10% Used Foundary Sand
A2 5% Silica Fume + 20% Used Foundary Sand
B1 10% Silica Fumes + 10% Used Foundary Sand
B2 10% Silica Fumes + 20% Used Foundary Sand
C1 1% Nano Silica + 10% Used Foundary Sand
C2 1% Nano Silica + 20% Used Foundary Sand
D1 2% Nano Silica + 10% Used Foundary Sand
D2 2% Nano Silica + 20% Used Foundary Sand

57. SCHEDULING
FOR
USED FOUNDARY SAND
&
SILICA FUME
&
NANO SILICA
CONCRETE
CASTING

58. Sr no. Concrete
mix
% of
silica
fume
% of
foundary
sand
Compression test
(Nos. OF Cubes)
Split
tensile
Test
(Nos.
Of
Cyls.)
7
Days
14
Days
28
Days
28
Days
1 A0 0% 0% 2 2 2 3
2 A1 5% 10% 2 2 2 3
3 A2 5% 20% 2 2 2 3
4 B1 10% 10% 2 2 2 3
5 B2 10% 20% 2 2 2 3

59. Sr no. Concrete
mix
% of
silica
fume
% of
foundary
sand
Water
AbsorptionT
est
(Nos.
Of
Cubes)
Sulphate
attack
Test
(Nos.
Of
Cubes)
28
Days
28
Days
1 A0 0% 0% 2 2
2 A1 5% 10% 2 2
3 A2 5% 20% 2 2
4 B1 10% 10% 2 2
5 B2 10% 20% 2 2

60. Sr no. Concrete
mix
% of
Nano
silica
% of
foundary
sand
Compression
Test
(Nos. Of Cubes)
7
Days
28
Days
1 A0 0% 0% 3 3
2 C1 1% 10% 3 3
3 C2 1% 20% 3 3
4 D1 2% 10% 3 3
5 D2 2% 20% 3 3

61. QUANTITIES
OF
MATERIAL

62. Mix
PROPO
RTION
CEMEN
T SILICA F.A
Used
FOUN. C.A. C.A. WATER
Design (S.F:F.S) FUME SAND (10mm) (20mm)
A0 0%,0% 9.3 0 16.48 0 16.56 11.016 4.65
A1 5%,10% 8.78 0.47 14.83 1.65 16.56 11.016 4.65
A2 5%,20% 8.78 0.47 13.2 3.3 16.56 11.016 4.65
B1
10%,10
% 8.35 0.93 14.83 1.65 16.56 11.016 4.65
B2
10%,20
% 8.35 0.93 13.2 3.3 16.56 11.016 4.65
Total - 43.56 2.8 72.54 9.9 82.8 66.07 23.25
(All Quantities in Kg.)

63. Mix
PROPOR
-TION
CEME
-NT SILICA F.A
Used
FOUN. C.A. C.A. WATER
Design (S.F:F.S) FUME SAND (10mm) (20mm)
A0 0%,0% 7.308 0 12.93 0 12.99 8.67 3.63
A1 5%,10% 6.912 0.37 11.63 1.3 12.99 8.67 3.63
A2 5%,20% 6.57 0.730 10.33 2.58 12.99 8.67 3.63
B1 10%,10% 6.912 0.37 11.63 1.3 12.99 8.67 3.63
B2 10%,20% 6.57 0.730 10.33 2.58 12.99 8.67 3.63
Total - 34.27 2.2 56.85 7.76 64.95 43.35 18.15
(All Quantities in Kg.)

64. Mix
PROPOR
TION
CEMEN
T
SILIC
A F.A
Used
FOUN. C.A. C.A. WATER
Design (S.F:F.S) FUME SAND (10mm) (20mm)
A0 0%,0%
6.2 0 10.98 0 11.04 7.36 3.1
A1 5%,10%
5.85 0.31 9.89 1.1 11.04 7.36 3.1
A2 5%,20%
5.85 0.31 8.8 2.2 11.04 7.36 3.1
B1 10%,10%
5.56 0.62 9.89 1.1 11.04 7.36 3.1
B2 10%,20%
5.56 0.62 8.8 2.2 11.04 7.36 3.1
Total -
29.44 1.86 48.36 6.6 55.2 36.8 15.5
(All Quantities in Kg.)

65. Mix
PROPO
RTION
CEME
NT SILICA F.A
Used
FOUN. C.A. C.A. WATER
Design (NS:UFS) FUME SAND (10mm) (20mm)
A0
0%,0% 9.3 0 16.48 0 16.56 11.016 4.65
C1 1%,10% 9.21 0.093
14.83 1.65
16.56 11.016 4.65
C2 1%,20% 9.21 0.093
13.2 3.3
16.56 11.016 4.65
D1 2%,10% 9.114 0.186
14.83 1.65
16.56 11.016 4.65
D2 2%,20% 9.114 0.186
13.2 3.3
16.56 11.016 4.65
TOTA
L
-
43.56 2.8 72.54 9.9 82.8 66.07 23.25
(All Quantities in Kg.)

66. COMPRESSIVE
STRENGTH
RESULT

67. SAMPLE AVARAGE COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH N/mm²
7 DAYS 14 DAYS 28 DAYS
A0 16.75 22.50 23.44
A1 14.54 24.67 29.99
A2 12.57 22.89 27.94
0
10
20
30
40
A0 A1 A2
7 Days
14 Days
28 Days

68. SAMPLE AVARAGE COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH N/mm²
7 DAYS 14 DAYS 28 DAYS
A0 16.75 22.50 23.44
B1 21.05 28.94 31.12
B2 16.65 25.52 27.04
0
10
20
30
40
A0 B1 B2
7 Days
14 Days
28 Days

69. SAMPLE AVARAGE COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH
N/mm²
7 Days 28 Days
A0 16.75 23.44
C1 18.44
C2 22.28
0
5
10
15
20
25
A0 C1 C2
7 Days 28 Days

70. SAMPLE AVARAGE COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH
N/mm²
7 Days 28 Days
A0 16.75 23.44
D1 21.33
D2 21.55
0
5
10
15
20
25
A0 D1 D2
7 Days 28 Days

71. Days SF- A1 NS-C1 SF-A2 NS-C2
7 Days 14.54 18.44 12.57 22.28
0
5
10
15
20
25
7 Days
SF-A1 NS-C1 SF-A2 NS-C2

72. Days SF- B1 NS-D1 SF-B2 NS-D2
7 Days 21.05 21.33 16.65 21.55
0
5
10
15
20
25
7 Days
SF-B1 NS-D1 SF-B2 NS-D2

73. Days SF- A1 NS-C1 SF-A2 NS-C2
28 Days

74. Days SF- B1 NS-D1 SF- B2 NS-D2
28 Days

75. SPLIT
TENSILE
STRENGTH

76. SAMPLE AVARAGE SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH N/mm²
28 days
A0 2.90
A1 2.77
A2 2.80
2.7
2.75
2.8
2.85
2.9
2.95
28 Days
A0 A1 A2

77. SAMPLE AVARAGE SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH N/mm²
28 days
A0 2.90
B1 3.02
B2 2.86
2.75
2.8
2.85
2.9
2.95
3
3.05
28 Days
A0 A1 A2

78. RATE
ANALYSIS

79. MATERIAL QUANTITY(kg.) PRICE(Rs.)/Kg. PRICE(Rs.)
CEMENT 452.6 5 2263
S.F. 0 25 0
F.A. 813.2 0.6 487.92
U.F.S. 0 0.2 0
CA(10mm) 817.7 0.7 572.39
CA(20mm) 544 0.7 380.8
WATER 229.6 0 0
TOTAL 2857.1 - 3704.04

80. MATERIAL QUANTITY(kg.) PRICE(Rs.)/Kg. PRICE(Rs.)
CEMENT 429.6 5 2148
S.F. 23.11 25 577.75
F.A. 731.8 0.6 439.08
U.F.S. 81.48 0.2 16.29
CA(10mm) 817.7 0.7 572.39
CA(20mm) 544 0.7 380.8
WATER 229.6 0 0
TOTAL 2857.1 - 4134.31

81. MATERIAL QUANTITY(kg.) PRICE(Rs.)/Kg. PRICE(Rs.)
CEMENT 429.6 5 2148
S.F. 23.11 25 577.75
F.A. 651.85 0.6 391.11
U.F.S. 162.96 0.2 32.59
CA(10mm) 817.7 0.7 572.39
CA(20mm) 544 0.7 380.8
WATER 229.6 0 0
TOTAL 2857.1 - 4102.64

82. MATERIAL QUANTITY(kg.) PRICE(Rs.)/Kg. PRICE(Rs.)
CEMENT 411.85 5 2059.25
S.F. 45.92 25 1148
F.A. 731.8 0.6 439.08
U.F.S. 81.48 0.2 16.29
CA(10mm) 817.7 0.7 572.39
CA(20mm) 544 0.7 380.8
WATER 229.6 0 0
TOTAL 2857.1 - 4615.81

83. MATERIAL QUANTITY(kg.) PRICE(Rs.)/Kg. PRICE(Rs.)
CEMENT 411.85 5 2059.25
S.F. 45.92 25 1148
F.A. 651.85 0.6 391.11
U.F.S. 162.69 0.2 32.51
CA(10mm) 817.7 0.7 572.39
CA(20mm) 544 0.7 380.8
WATER 229.6 0 0
TOTAL 2857.1 - 4584.06

84. MATERIAL QUANTITY(kg.) PRICE(Rs.)/Kg. PRICE(Rs.)
CEMENT 448.07 5 2240.37
N.S. 4.52 2000 9040
F.A. 731.8 0.6 439.08
U.F.S. 81.48 0.2 16.29
CA(10mm) 817.7 0.7 572.39
CA(20mm) 544 0.7 380.8
WATER 229.6 0 0
TOTAL 2857.1 - 12688.93

85. MATERIAL QUANTITY(kg.) PRICE(Rs.)/Kg. PRICE(Rs.)
CEMENT 448.07 5 2240.37
N.S. 4.52 2000 9040
F.A. 651.85 0.6 391.11
U.F.S. 162.69 0.2 32.53
CA(10mm) 817.7 0.7 572.39
CA(20mm) 544 0.7 380.8
WATER 229.6 0 0
TOTAL 2857.1 - 12657.20

86. MATERIAL QUANTITY(kg.) PRICE(Rs.)/Kg. PRICE(Rs.)
CEMENT 443.55 5 2217.5
N.S. 9.052 2000 18104
F.A. 731.8 0.6 439.08
U.F.S. 81.48 0.2 16.29
CA(10mm) 817.7 0.7 572.39
CA(20mm) 544 0.7 380.8
WATER 229.6 0 0
TOTAL 2857.1 - 21730.06

87. MATERIAL QUANTITY(kg.) PRICE(Rs.)/Kg. PRICE(Rs.)
CEMENT 443.55 5 2217.5
N.S. 9.052 2000 18104
F.A. 651.85 0.6 391.11
U.F.S. 162.69 0.2 32.53
CA(10mm) 817.7 0.7 572.39
CA(20mm) 544 0.7 380.8
WATER 229.6 0 0
TOTAL 2857.1 - 21698.33

88.  By partially replacing both the material we can
produce structural grade Concrete.
 In initial stage it gives later strength for the less silica
content, but if we remain constant the content of
silica fume and increase the content of used foundry
sand then strength is decrease by 7 %.
 If we simultaneously increase the content of silica
fume and used foundry sand then there is increment
in compressive strength and it gives at earlier stage
by 7 days.

89.  By comparing the compressive strength of two
material (Silica fume and Nano silica) we conclude
that cube with Nano silica content will give higher
strength as compare to cube with Silica fume.
 Further in Nano silica, if we increase the percentage
of used foundary sand it will increase the strength of
concrete.

90. 1) Characteristic of blended cement containing nano silica by
W.M.Morsi, MohammadHeikal, S.Abd el. Aleem
HBRC journal (2013-9,243-255)
2 ) Performance of Portland cement mixes containing silica
fume and mixed with lime water by Metwally A .A ,
AbdElaty, Mariam Farook Ghazy
HBRC journal (2014-10,247-257)
3) Mixed concrete optimization using fly ash, silica fume, iron
slag on self compacting concrete’s compressive strength by
Rahrjo D , Subakti.A, Tavio.
Procedia engineering (54-2013 , 827-839)

91. 4) Capillary of concrete in cooperating waste foundary sand by
J.M.Khatib, B.A.Herki , S.Kenai
Construction & Building Material 47(2013) 867-871
5) Strength, Durability of microstructure properties of concrete
made with used foundary sand by Rafat Siddique , Yogesh
Aggarwal , Pratibha Aggarwal
Construction & Building Material 25 (2011)1916-1925
6) Use of used foundary sand in concrete : A state of artistic review
By Smit M.kacha Abhay V.Nakum ,Ankur C.Bhogiayata
IJRET (International Journal Of Research In Engineering &
Technology)
eISSN :2319 – 1163
pISSN:2321-7308
Volume -3,Issue :02

92. 7) Effect of used foundary sand and pozzocrete partial replacement
with fine aggregate and cement in concrete by Dushyant R.Bhimani ,
Jayesh kumar pitroda , Jaydev J. Bhavsar
IJITEE (International Journal of Innovative Technology & Exploring
Engineering)
ISSn:2278-3075 ,
March-2013
Vol-2 ,Issue -4
8) Characteristics of blended cements containing nano-silica by
Mohamed Heikal , S. Abd El Aleem , W.M. Morsi
HBRC Journal (2013) 9, 243–255
9) Influence of nano materials on flexural behavior and
compressive strength of concrete
Anwar M. Mohamed
HBRC Journal (2015) xxx, xxx–xxx

93. 10) Experimental study of the effect of addition of nano-
silica on
the behaviour of cement mortars by Mounir Ltifi, Achraf
Guefrech, Pierre Mounanga, Abdelhafid Khelidj
Procedia Engineering 10 (2011) 900–905
11) Investigation of Mechanical and Durability Properties
of Concrete Influenced by Hybrid Nano Silica and Micro
Zeolite
H. Eskandari, M. Vaghefi, K. Kowsari
Procedia Materials Science 11 ( 2015 ) 594 – 599

94.  IS: 383-1970, Specifications for coarse and fine
aggregates from natural sources for concrete, Bureau
of Indian Standards, New Delhi, India.
 IS: 10262-1982, Recommended guidelines for
concrete mix design, Bureau of Indian Standards,
New Delhi, India.

95.  IS - 1489 (1991) for checking of properties of PPC
 IS - 383 (1970) for checking of properties of Coarse
Aggregate
 IS - 383 (1970) for checking of properties of Grit
 IS - 2386 (part 1) (1963) for checking of properties of
Fine Aggregate
 IS - 10262 (2009) Mix design
 IS – 456 (2000) Plain & Reinforcement Concrete

96.  Foundry Sand Fact For Civil Engineers E-book.
 M. S. Shetty, “Concrete Technology" S. Chand &
Company, 6th addition.
 Silica Fumes User Manual E-Book

97.  www.sciencedirect.com
 www.wikipedia.com
 www.acistudenentchapter.com
 www.asce.com
 www.journals.elsevier.com
 www.ijret.org