1) The study evaluated the abrasion resistance of three concrete materials - a standard concrete mixture, a latex polymer repair material, and a silica fume repair material - when exposed to water-borne sand. 2) Testing found that the silica fume material exhibited the best abrasion resistance, followed by the latex polymer material, with the standard concrete mixture performing the worst. Abrasion loss decreased with increasing concrete age and increased with longer exposure times. 3) Both compressive and flexural strength were strongly correlated with abrasion rate, with higher strength materials exhibiting less abrasion. The silica fume mixture also showed the lowest abrasion depth, making it the most abrasion resistant material tested.

1. Abrasion of Concrete Hydraulic Structures Surfaces by Water-borne Sand
Authors:
i. Mohammad Sabbir Hasan
ii. Dr. S. Samuel Li
iii. Dr. Michelle Nokken
iv. Dr. Attila Zsaki
Department of Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering
Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec
Welcome to My Presentation
on

2. Outline
• Sustainable Development & Concrete abrasion
• Literature Review
• Methodology
• Materials Used in this study
• Results & Discussion
• Conclusion

3. Sustainable Development & Concrete abrasion
• Civil infrastructure >> Critical for society (driving the
economy / improve quality of life)
• Life span (service life) of concrete infrastructure is 50-70
years
• Huge percentage of infrastructure in North America
reaching their expected life.
• Actions >> Repair / manage / extend - performance

4. Literature Review
• Abrasion Resistance of concrete depends on various
factors such as:
• compressive strength,
• w/cm ratio,
• aggregates,
• concrete mix design, admixture,
• surface finishing,
• age and
• characteristics of water-borne particles
• impact angle

5. Literature Review
Abrasion
Resistance of
Concrete
Compressive Strength
Age of Concrete
Characteristics of
water born-particle
Surface Finishing
Concrete Mix Design
Flow velocity & Impact
Angle
Aggregates
W/Cm Ratio

6. Standard Test Methods - ASTM
 Abrasion resistance of concrete by sand blasting (ASTM C418)
 Abrasion resistance of horizontal concrete surface (ASTM C779)
 Abrasion resistance of concrete or mortar surfaces by the rotating-
cutter method (ASTM C944)
 Abrasion resistance of concrete – Underwater method (ASTM
C1138)

7. Methodology
Mixing & Casting
Sample
Curing Measure
the weight
before test
Abrasion
Test for 3
to 9 hours
Measure the
weight after
test
Scan the
sample
using 3D
scan
Measure
abrasion
loss
Measure
abrasion
depth &
surface profile
Process
Scanned
data in
MATLAB

8. Schematic diagram of abrasion test apparatus
Common Parameters
• Speed of water Jet = 8m/s
• Water Pressure on surface of
sample : 0.14 MPa
• Density of Sand = 400kg/m3
• Sand Mix : 60% Aluminum Oxide ,
40% fine Silica
• Duration of Each Test : 3 Hours
• Average Water Temperature : 22°C
Abrasion Test Method

9. Materials Used
Three proprietary pre-mixed bagged materials were used for this study which
includes:
1. Concrete material – contains cement and well graded aggregates ranges
from 0-10mm, w/c of 0.60 and compressive strength of 27.5 MPa at 28 days.
2. Latex modified repair material - contains cement, latex and well graded
aggregates ranges from 0-6mm,w/c of 0.40 and compressive strength of 45
MPa at 28 days.
3. Silica fume repair material - contains cement, silica fume, polypropylene
fibers and well graded aggregates ranges from 0-6mm, w/c of 0.40 and
compressive strength of 45 MPa at 28 days.

10. 0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
2 4 7
Abrasionrate(g/m2/min)
Age of concrete (Days)
Concrete Material Latex Modified Repair Material Silica Fume Repair Material
The relationship between abrasion rate and age of concrete
Results & Discussion
Abrasion rate Vs. Age of Concrete
• Concrete Material
• Latex Modified repair
Material
• Silica Fume Material

11. 0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
3hr 6hr 9hr
Abrasionloss(gram)
Duration of Test
Concrete Material
Latex Modified Repairing Material
Silica Fume Repair Material
The relationship between abrasion loss and exposure time.
Abrasion loss Vs. Exposure Time
• Concrete Material
• Latex Modified repair
Material
• Silica Fume Material

12. y = -0.1335x + 9.9718
R² = 0.9957
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
3.50
4.00
4.50
5.00
40 45 50 55 60
Abrasionrateat3hours(g/m2/min)
Compressive Strength (MPa)
y = -0.3218x + 6.1764
R² = 0.9671
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
3.50
4.00
4.50
5.00
4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Abrasionrateat3hours(g/m2/min)
Flexural Strength (MPa)
The relationship between Compressive strength and Flexural strength with abrasion rate
Abrasion rate Vs. Strength of Concrete
Compressive Flexural

13. Latex-modified sample after 9 hour abrasion test
at the age of 7 days.
Concrete material sample after 9 hour abrasion
test at the age of 7 days.
Image of Tested Sample

14. Surface profile of a latex-modified sample after 9hr abrasion
test at the age of 7days.
Depth of abrasion of latex-modified sample after 9hr abrasion
test at the age of 7days.
Abraded Surface Profile and Abrasion Depth

15. Conclusions
The following conclusions can be drawn from this study:
1. The silica fume material exhibited better abrasion resistance than the
latex polymer repair. The standard concrete mixture had abrasion loss
higher than the other two. Abrasion loss decreases with the increment
of age and increases linearly with duration.
2. Abrasion mass loss is strongly correlated to compressive and flexural
strength.
3. Abrasion depth is another medium to correlate abrasion resistance of
concrete repair materials. The relation with strength, age and
exposure time is similar to abrasion mass loss. Again, the silica fume
mixture shows the minimum abrasion depth whereas the concrete
mixture shows the maximum

16. 1. The Cement Sustainability Initiative: Progress report, World Business Council for Sustainable
Development (1 June 2002).
2. Liu, Y.W., Yen, T, Hsu, T.H. 2006. Abrasion erosion of concrete by water-borne sand. Cement and
Concrete Research. 36 (2006) 1814-1820
3. Mindess, S., Young, F.J., Darwin, D. (2002). Concrete, 2nd edition, Prentice Hall, USA, Pp. 478-479.
4. Horszczaruk, E.K. 2009. Hydro-abrasive erosion of high performance fiber-reinforced concrete.
Elsevier, Wear 267 (2009), 110-115
5. Laplante, P. Aitkin, C, Venzina, D. (1991). Abrasion Resistance of Concrete, J. Mater. Civ .Eng. pp
19-28
6. Siddique, R. 2003. Effect of fine aggregate replacement with Class F fly ash on the abrasion
resistance of concrete, Cement and Concrete Research. 33 (2003) 1877-1881
7. Nazari, A., & Riahi, S. (2011). Abrasion resistance of concrete containing SiO2 and Al2O3
nanoparticles in different curing media. Energy and Buildings, 43(10), 2939-2946.
8. Momber, A., & Kovacevic, R. (1994). Fundamental investigations on concrete wear by high
velocity water flow. Wear, 177(1), 55-62.
References

17. 9. WANG, X., LUO, S., HU, Y., YUAN, Q., WANG, H., & ZHAO, L. (2012). High-speed flow
erosion on a new roller compacted concrete dam during construction. Journal of
Hydrodynamics, Ser.B, 24(1), 32-38.
10. Liu, Y. (2007). Improving the abrasion resistance of hydraulic-concrete containing
surface crack by adding silica fume. Construction and Building Materials, 21(5), 972-977.
11. ASTM CASTM C418-12, 2012. Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Concrete
by Sandblasting, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, www.astm.org
12. 779 / C779M-12, 2012. Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Horizontal
Concrete Surfaces, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, www.astm.org
13. ASTM C944 / C944M-12, 2012. Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of
Concrete or Mortar Surfaces by the Rotating-Cutter Method, ASTM International, West
Conshohocken, PA, www.astm.org
14. ASTM C1138-97,1997 Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Concrete
(Underwater Method), ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, www.astm.org

18. Thank You All
Presented by
Mohammad Sabbir Hasan
MASc Student, Civil Engineering, Concordia University, QC