aniline point determination.

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UNIVERSITY OF ZAKHO
Faculty of Engineering
School of Petroleum Engineering
Practical Petroleum Properties Lab.
2nd
Year Level
Name of student: Diar Ismail Mohammed
Class: A
Name of Experiment: Standard Test Method for Aniline Pointof
Petroleum Productsand Hydrocarbon solventsASTM D611,IP 2
No. of Experiment: 3
Experiment date: 13. Dec. 2015
Date of submitting : 03 .Jan.2016

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Experiment No. 3
Standard Test Method for Aniline Point of Petroleum Products and
Hydrocarbon solvents
Objectives:
Determination of aniline point of a given sample
Introduction:
What is aniline? An organic base belonging to the phenyl amines. It may
be regarded as ammonia in which one hydrogen atom has been replaced
by the radical phenyl. It is a colorless, oily liquid, originally obtained from
indigo by distillation, but now largely manufactured from coal tar or
nitrobenzene as a base from which many brilliant dyes are made.
The aniline point is a physical characteristic of hydrocarbon compounds,
such as oils, and refers to the minimum temperature at which the
hydrocarbon and the same amount of the compound aniline (C5H5NH2)
are perfectly miscible.
High aniline point The greater the aniline point, the lower the aromatics
in diesel oil. A higher aniline point also indicates a higher proportion of
paraffin. At temperatures below this point, a mixture of the compound
and an equal volume of aniline will not dissolve together.
Cetane number or CN is an indicator of the combustion speed of diesel
fuel. The CN is an important factor in determining the quality of diesel
fuel. CN is a measurement of the combustion quality of diesel fuel during
compression ignition. It is significant expression of the quality of a diesel
fuel. A number of other measurements determine overall diesel fuel
quality - these other measures of diesel fuel quality include density,
lubricity, cold-flow properties, and sulfur content.

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Apparatus and materials:
1. Test tube, approximately 25 mm in diameter and 150 mm in length,
made of heat resistant glass
2. Stirrer, manually operated, metal, approximately 2 mm in diameter
3. Stand and clamp
4. Water bath
5. Thermometer
6. Aniline
Procedure:
At first Clean and dry the ‘U’ tube and arrange the apparatus desired. Then we add
5ml of distilled aniline and 5ml of given sample (kerosene) in the ‘U’ tube, it will
form two layers. Arrange the apparatus with stirrers in such way that liquid in ‘U’
tube and the paraffin of the beaker are stirred simultaneously. Switch on the heater
to heat the paraffin at a controlled rate, so there is no much difference in temp. of
paraffin bath and ‘U’ tube.
The minimum temp. at which two layers give a single phase is noted as aniline
point. Now stirring of ‘U’ tube mixture is stopped, and mixture is allowed to cool.
Temp. at which two layers are formed is also considered as aniline point.
In the lab we placed an equal amount of aniline and crude oil productin a tube (5ml)
and mixed them. (we used kerosene and diesel in our experiment).

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Result and Calculation:
Recording the aniline point (AP) of the samples and calculating diesel
index ID.
Diesel Index, DI = AP (℉) ∗ 𝐴𝑃𝐼/100
℉ = 32 + (1.8 ∗ ℃)
℃ = (℉ − 32) ∗ 0.55
Cetane Number, CN = (DI ∗ 0.72) + 10
Test sample Aniline point, ℃
Kerosene 74
diesel 71
Calculation for kerosene:
API kerosene= 48.8 (from our last exp.)
AP=74℃ 𝑡𝑜 ℉ {℉ = 32 + (1.8 ∗ ℃)}
℉ = 32 + (1.8 ∗ 74) = 165.2℉
DI = AP (℉) ∗ 𝐴𝑃𝐼/100
nnn= 165.2∗ 48.8/100 = 80.62
CN = (DI ∗ 0.72) + 10
nnn = (80.62 ∗ 0.72) + 10 = 68.1
Calculation for diesel: API diesel= 40.17 (from our last exp.)
AP=714℃ to℉℉ = 32 + (1.8 ∗ ℃) ℉ = 32 + (1.8 ∗ 71) = 159.8℉
DI = AP (℉) ∗ 𝐴𝑃𝐼/100
nn = 159.8∗ 40.17/100 = 64.19
CN = (DI ∗ 0.72) + 10
nnn= (64.19 ∗ 0.72) + 10 = 56.2

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Discussion:
Normally the aniline point of kerosene is between 60-69℃, but we got some
differences to that value in the lab. And that is because we might did some
mistake while reading the temperature.
1- Why the anilinepointgivesan indicationof the composition of the sample?
Because that Point gives an approximation for the content of aromatic
compounds in the oil, since the miscibility of aniline, which is also an
aromatic compound suggests the presence of similar (i.e. aromatic)
compounds in the oil. The lower the aniline point, the greater is the
content of aromatic compounds in the oil as obviously a lower
temperature is needed to ensure miscibility.
2- What is the significant of the aniline point test?
Aniline being an aromatic compound freely mixes with aromatic so a low aniline point
indicates low diesel index (because of high percentage of aromatics).
Significance: High aniline point indicates that the fuel is highly paraffinic and hence has
a high Diesel index and very good ignition quality. In caseofaromatics the aniline point
is low and the ignition quality is poor.
Someproperties:
• It is the characteristic property of diesel.
• Aniline point of an oil gives an indication of the possible deterioration of
Samples
• Higher aniline point causes increase in cetane number hence making the oil
suitable for use in diesel engine.

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References:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aniline_point