The correct answer is A. Harassment of the woman. Section 498A of IPC defines cruelty as including any willful conduct which is of such a nature as is likely to drive the woman to commit suicide or to cause grave injury or danger to life, limb or health (whether mental or physical) of the woman; or harassment of the woman where such harassment is with a view to coercing her or any person related to her to meet any unlawful demand for any property or valuable security or is on account of failure by her or any person related to her to meet such demand.

2. CONTENT -
• WHAT IS SEMEN AND ITS COMPOSITION?
• COLLECTION AND PRESERVATION OF SEMEN FROM THE CRIME SCENE.
• EXAMINATION OF SEMEN AT THE CRIME SCENE.
• EXAMINATION OF SEMEN IN THE LAB (CONFIRMATORY AND PRPRESUMPTIVE TEST)
• WHAT IS VAGINAL SECRETION AND ITS COMPOSITION?
• COLLECTION AND PRESERVATION OF VAGINAL SECRETION
• IDENTIFICATION AT CRIME SCENE
• EXAMINATION OF VAGINAL SECRETION IN LAB.

3. WHAT IS SEMEN AND ITS COMPOSITION?
SEMEN IS A BIOLOGICAL EVIDENCE THAT HAVE A FLUDITY NATURE. IT DISCHARGE
FROM MALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGAN. IT CONSISTS AABILITY TO FERTILIZE FEMALE
EGG.
Composition-
Colour – Whitish or Opalescent
PH – 7.35-7.50
46 to 80% - Seminal Vesicles
13 to 33% - Prostate gland
5% - Testicles and Epididymis
2-5% - Bulbourethral and urethral glands
Chemicals – citric acid, amino acids, fructose, enzymes,
phosphorylcholine, prostaglandin, potassium, and zinc.

4. •

5. COLLECTION AND PRESERVATION OF SEMEN
FROM CRIME SCENE
• Use a clean syringe or disposable pipette to switch liquid semen to a clean, sterile test tube.
• Wet semen can be switched onto clean cotton cloth by absorption. The cloth is then air dried,
packaged, sealed and labeled properly.
• Seminal stains on panties, clothing, bedsheets, pillows and other movable objects should be collected
as it is.
• If an object has a wet stain on it, the stain must be enabled to air dry completely previous to collection
of the item.
• If the stain is on a huge object that can be cut, then the contaminated area should be cut using a
scalpel or scissors.

6. • Each item should be packaged separately in a clean paper container.
• Each item’s packaging must be properly sealed and labeled.
• Packaged items should be refrigerated if possible, and delivered to the laboratory as soon as possible.
• Label the tube with the case and item number, date, time, location, and name of the collector.
• Keep the specimen refrigerated and submit to the laboratory as soon as possible.
• Chemicals – Glycerol, ethylene glycol, dimethyl sulphoxide etc.

7. IDENTIFICATION OF SEMEN AT CRIME SCENE -
• On dark colored entities, a dried semen stain will come across to be a hard crusty white stain.
• On white substances, a dried semen stain may materialize to be obvious and can even sometimes be nearly
protected.
• Criminal investigators operate black lights to glimpse semen because they’re small and easy to use. Semen
stains can moreover be detected by picture, by touch (feeling for harsh residue or crunchiness in fabrics), and
chemical testing, but UV is rapid and handling.
Semen is a very crucial
Evidence found at crime
scene.

8. EXAMINATION OF SEMEN IN LAB -
1. Presumptive test
2. Confirmatory test
Presumptive test
• Acid phosphatase (AP) test –
- To Analyse the acid phosphatase (present in semen)
- Proedure : take a drop of reagent Sodium alpha-napthyphosphate and put it on semen sample. Then
colour changes to dark purple indicated the positive result.

9. Alternative Light Source –
- To Identify the seeman through natural fluorescent properties utilising UV light.
Florence test –
- To identify Choline or seminal origin present in semen Evidence.
Procedure : take a few drops of water is solution of Stain. Slide a drop of florence reagent. Allowed to mix slowly
under a cover slip. 10 dark brown crystals of choline period generally needle shaped formed.
Barberio’s test –
- To identify the Spermine or prostate origin found in semen Evidence.
Procedure : Take few drops of Barbeiro’s reagent, it added to spermatic fluid produces crystals of sperm in
picrate. (This test is not accepted universally).
Note : presumptive test are not 100% true.

10. Confirmatory test
• If a male is aspermic or oligospermic, they have no sperm or a low sperm count.
• Vasectomized males will not release sperm either Vasectomizedcells are not present, a second
confirmatory test, the p30/PSA test, is performed.
Microscopic Analysis – to analyse the size, shape and age of sample.
Age – 24 to 48hrs in vitro
Upto 72hrs in utero
Microscopic Analysis is based on morphology of spermatozoa
Microscopic firstly cloth piece from different stains are taken in 0.5 ml
of 0.01N HCL in a test tube. Placed it in a beaker containing water.
After 5 minutes cloth pieces and the sample are separate. Cloth pieces
are delicately take out with a needle. Then the liquid is gently
evaporated and dry. Haematoxylin and eosin are remains in it.

11. • Prostate-specific antigen PSA (P30) – it is produced by the prostatic gland in males.
- The p30/PSA test is an immunochromatographic test that analyses the existence of the antigen p30 in semen
samples. This test functions identical to a pregnancy test, where if the antigen p30 is present a band will appear at the
test site and a control band will appear to confirm if the test is working correctly. If the confirmatory test is positive,
then semen is present in the sample. From there a reviewer could proceed to develop a DNA profile with downstream
applications.

12. VAGINAL SECRETIONS & IT’S COMPOSITION
A stew of fluid & Cells that acquitst from Vagina & it is Whitish and Sticky to Clear and Watery and associated with
an Odour.
Vaginal discharge or Secretion is most frequently a natural & usual occurrence. The fluid is made by glands present
in the Vagina & Cervix. With this fluid vagina gets healthy and helps stave off infection.
Most of the time, Vaginal discharge is Perfectly normal. The amount can vary, as can odour and colour (Milky –
Whitish), it depends on the menstrual cycle.
Aabnormal discharge - Any Change in Vagina’s balance of normal bacteria can affect the smell, colour, texture.
It causes by – Antibiotics, bacterial infection, pills, cervical cancer, diabetes, Yeast
infection etc.
Vaginal secretion contains lactobacillus enzyme that helps in examination

13. COLLECTION & PRESERVATION
• IF VAGINAL DISCHARGE EVIDENCE PRESENT IN WET FORM THEN FIRST COLLECT
IT WITH : A) STERILIZED SYRINGE B) DISPOSAL PIPETTE C) TEST TUBE D) CLEAN
COTTON BUD
• IF EVIDENCE FOUND ON MOVABLE OBJECT THEN TAKE AS IT IS OR THE OBJECT IS
IMMOVABLE THEN CUT THE EVIDENCIARY PART.
• THESE TYPE OF EVIDENCE ARE PRESERVED IN REFRIGERATOR OR AT LOW
TEMPERATURE AND IN CHEMICALS SUCH AS SODIUM AZIDE, PARABENS, EDTA,
ZINC, AND PROPYL GALLATE, ETC.

14. IDENTIFICATION AT CRIME SCENE
VAGINAL SECRETION OR VAGINAL DISCHARGE IS PRESENT IN SEXUALASSAULT
OR RAPE CASES. AND IT IS FOUND ON THE THE VICTIM’S BODY ALL SUSPECTS
BODY OR CLOTHES. VAGINAL SECRETION IS FOUND IN VICTIM’S BODY SO IT IS
CLEARLY IDENTIFIABLE.

15. EXAMINATION IN LAB
• To detect the gycogenated epithelial cells by using periodic acid
- Schiff (PAS) reagent. This will shows the Magenda colour of
cytoplasm, is related to determine the concentration of cells.
Disadvantages - females will not show glycogenated cells if they
are prepubic stage or postmenopausal.
• To find peptidase that has been found in vaginal fluid samples by
the technique electrophoresis in a starch gel at a pH of 7.4 in
which the vaginal peptidase hydrolyses the dipeptide substrate L-
valyl-Lleucine. Is shows the positive result.

16. • To find the ratio of lactic acid and citric acid present in vaginal fluid. This technique is used by the
comparison of this ratio found in n semen sample Lactic acid is existing in large abundances in vaginal
fluid when correlated to semen, and semen has larger amounts of citric acid present.
• The one more method is to detect the presence of oestrogen receptors using samples of monoclonal
antibodies via immunohistochemical analysis. Oestrogen is found from the all vaginal biopsy, through the
superficial layer shows no positive result. This method is examined by the living and corpse female body
as well as male prepuces.

17. QUESTION :- UNDER SECTION 498A OF IPC CRUELTY INCLUDES:
A. HARASSMENT OF THE WOMAN
B. PHYSICAL CRUELTY ONLY
C. MENTAL CRUELTY ONLY
D. CRUELTY BY WIFE.
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18. Thank You