This document discusses the examination of various body fluids for forensic analysis, including semen, milk, saliva, and feces. Semen can be identified through physical, chemical, and microscopic examination, looking for characteristics like spermatozoa, phosphatase and spermine enzymes, and fluorescence. Blood group typing of semen stains can provide evidence in criminal cases. Examination of other fluids like milk, saliva, and feces also allows for chemical tests and microscopic analysis to detect properties specific to each fluid and potentially link samples to a crime scene or individual. Analyzing these body fluids can aid medico-legal investigations into crimes involving sexual assault, pregnancy, drug use, and other offenses.

1. DR.SYED AHSAN ALI
EXAMINATION OF BODY
FLUIDS

2. SEMEN
Semen is a fluid secretion containing
cellular elements.
Fluid portion ; seminal vesicles and
prostate.
Choline and lecithin ; seminal vesicles
Acid phosphatase and spermine ; the
prostate.

3. Seminal stains ;
• Rape, sodomy,bestiality, paternity,
incest , lust murder, azzospermia
Found on;
• The clothing .
• Body of either the victim or the
accused
• Bed clothes
• Or where the offence is committed.
• Often mixed with other stains

4. PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
Reddish
;blood
Yellowish ;
vaginal
discharge or
urine
Brownish ;
feces
Grayish
appearance;
semen.
under filtered
ultraviolet
light seminal
fluid; bright
fluorescence;
bluish white
colour.

5. CHEMICAL EXAMINATION

7. BARBERIO'S TEST
• Basis; detection of spermine in semen.

8. CREATINE PHOSPHOKINASE TEST;
High concentration of creatine
phosphokinase in spermatoza.
Double the amount contained in any
other body fluid.
Levels of over 400 units/ml is almost
agnostic of seminal stain.

9. FLORENCE TEST
1. When Florence reagent
(PotassiumIodide+Iodine+Water) is applied to the slide
it produces rhomboidal shape dark crystals of choline
periodide.
2. High choline concentration in any sample would give
positive Florence Test.

11. CONFIRMATORY TEST FOR SEMEN
• Christmas Tree Test;
• The sample is stained with Nuclear Fast Red and green
stain, then rinsed with ethanol.
• Observations under microscope :
1. Head – pink to dark red
2. Middle piece – blue
3. Tail – yellowish green

12. RAPID STAIN IDENTIFICATION TEST
FOR SEMEN
• Seminal vesicle specific
antigen/semenogelin.
• Highly specific for humans
• No cross reactivity
• Detects sperm in stain even under
unfavorable conditions.

13. MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION
High power objective.
• Head ;ovoid and flattened in front,
one third the size of a human red
blood corpuscle. Y
chromosome(flourescent to
quinacrine):
• Can identify the disconnected head
of a spermatozoon under fluorescent
microscope .

14. BLOOD GROUPS IN SEMINAL STAINS
Substances A and B are present in the semen of
secretors.
Secretor status; anti-Le for the saliva samples of the
individual.
Absorption-elution method ;ABO blood group
substances
Gm, PGM and GLO-I systems can be used to
individualize semen or seminal stain

15. MILK
Crimes involving;
Pregnancy, abortion, and
Concealment of birth.
Colostrum; thin yellowish
fluid ,free fat globules and
large phagocytic cells.
Antibodies and trypsin
inhibitor.

16. SALIVA
Source;on cigarette ends , on clothes etc
sample collection; mouth should be thoroughly rinsed with water.
Small square of paraffin wax (not chewing gum).
Saliva can be detected by measuring the amylase activity by
the starch-iodine test and/or Phadebas test.
no amylase activity;Examination of buccal epithelial cells
under the microscope. .
Precipitin test ; to determine species origin
Absorption-elution method ; blood group substances

17. FECAL MATTE
1. Odour : sketole, and thiols. .
2. Colour : bilirubin
3. Lugol’s iodine test ;undigested food particles, vegetable
residues and muscle fibres.
4. Urobilinogen Test; green fluorescent zinc-urobilin complex
formed in the presence of neutral alcohol zinc salt.
5. DNA Typing.

18. MEDICOLEGAL IMPORTANCE
1. Harassment,sexual assault (particularly in cases of anal
sexual assault)
2. Crime scene; abnormal mental abberration of the perpetrator
or simply because of nervousness or natural desire.
3. Drug dependency nature of the suspect;green, black and
red .
4. Grouping of blood
5. Person’s individualization.