Topic Muhammad Bin Qasim Presented by Habib Anwar Student of software engineering in Riphah International University Islamabad

2. Name: Habib Anwar
CMS No: 16942
Faculty: Software Engineering
Teacher: Saif Ullah Tariq
Semester: 1st
Year: 2016

3. Assignment: (Presentation)
Mohammad Bin Qasem Author: Nasim Hijazi

4. About Author (Nasim Hijazi):
He was born on 19 May 1914 (A.D) in eastern
Punjab. He was great Urdu novel writer and his real
name was Muhammad Sharif . He passed his
matriculation in 1932 A.D . he worked as editor in
daily news paper “Tanzeem” and “Tameer” .
He was died in 1996 A.D. in Rawalpindi and
buried in Islamabad.

5. His Novels:
 Muhammad Bin Qasim
 Insan aur Devta
 Aur talwar toot gaye
 Yusuf Bin Tashfin
 Khak aur Khoon
 Dastan Mujahid
 Pakistan se dayari Hram tak
 Sao sal baad
 Sufaid Jazera
 Moazam Ali
 Akhri Ma`rika
 Qaisar-o- Kisra
 Qafla-i-Hijaz
 Shaheen
 Klesa aur Aag
 Andheri raat ke Muasafir
 Akhri Chatan
 Pardesi Darakht
 Gumshuda Qafla
 Sadaqat ke Talash

6. About Muhammad Bin Qasim:
Muhammad Bin Qasim (31 December, 695 - 18 July, 715) was the most youngest
General of the history who conquered the SINDH and PUNJAB regions along the
INDUS RIVER (now a part of Pakistan) at the age of seventeen (17) .He born in the
city of TAIF (Saudi Arabia) the conquest of Sindh and Punjab began the Islamic era
in South Asia and continuous to lend the Sindh province of Pakistan the nickname
Bab-e-Islam ( the Gate way of Islam).

7. Reason for attack on Sindh:
During those times, some Muslim traders living in
Ceylon died and the ruler of Ceylon sent their widows
and orphans back to Baghdad. They made their
journey by sea with pilgrims. The King of Ceylon also
sent many valuable presents for Walid and Hajjaj. As
the eight-ship caravan passed by the seaport of Daibul,
Hindu pirates looted it and took the women and
children prisoner.

8. Reason for attack on Sindh: - Continued
When news of this attack reached Hajjaj, he demanded that Dahir return the
Muslim captives and the looted items. Dahir replied that he had no control over
the pirates and was, therefore, powerless to rebuke them. On this Hajjaj
decided to undertake a huge offensive against Dahir, who was patronizing the
pirates.

9. Conquer of Muhammad Bin Qasim:
When Muhammad bin Qasim began the invasion of
Debal, the ruler of Sindh Raja Dahir was staying in his
capital (Nawb Shah ) away. Dabal was in the charge of
a governor with a garrison of four to six thousand
Rajput soldiers and a few thousand Brahmans, and
therefore Raja Dahir did not march to its defence
immediately.

10. Conquer of Muhammad Bin Qasim: - Contined
All this while, the young invader was keeping in close contact with Hajjaj, So
efficient was the communication system that letters were written every three
days and replies were received in seven days, When the siege of Debal had
continued for some time a defector informed Muhammad bin Qasim about how
the temple could be captured.
At capital (Nawabshah) he was met by Dahir's forces and the eastern Jats in
battle. Dahir died in the battle, his forces were defeated and a triumphant
Muhammad bin Qasim took control of Sindh.

11. Military and Political Strategy:
The military strategy had been outlined by
Hajjaj ibn Yousuf .When Muhammad bin
Qasim invaded Sindh, Hajjaj arranged for
special messengers between Basra and
Sindh, and told the general(Muhammad
Bin Qasim) never to take any step without
his advice.

12. Military and Political Strategy: - Continued
This order was followed to the letter during the campaign. Hajjaj also wrote
to the general (Muhammad Bin Qasim) that Engage in fight immediately,
and ask for the help of Allah. If anyone of the people of Sindh ask for mercy
grant them aman (safety and protection), whoever does not fight against us,
permit them to build the temples of those they worship. No one is
prohibited from, or punished for, following his own religion, and let no one
prohibit it, so that these people may live happily in their homes.

13. End of Life:
Muhammad bin Qasim was known for his obedience to
the ruler. Walid bin Abdul Malik died and was
succeeded by his younger brother Suleman as the
Caliph. Suleman was an enemy of Hajjaj and thus
ordered Qasim back to the kingdom. Muhammad bin
Qasim knew of the animosity between the two.

14. End of Life: - Continued
He was aware that due to this enmity, he would not be well treated. He could
have easily refused to obey the Caliph's orders and declare his independence in
Sindh. Yet he was of the view that obeying ones ruler is the duty of a general
and thus he decided to go back to the center. His followers wept bitterly,
warning him that he was going back to a certain death. We don’t know what he
said in reply, if he said anything. We do know, however, that shortly afterwards,

15. End of Life: - Continued
he was put behind bars where he died at age of twenty in the prison of Wasit,
just before he died he recited an Arabic couplet to the effect: “They wasted me
at the prime of my youth, and what a youth they wasted: the one who was a
defender of their borders.” He became a victim to party politics. Many historians
believe that had he been given a few more years, he would have conquered the
entire South Asian region.