The document summarizes the origins and early expansion of Islam. It describes pre-Islamic Arabia and the life of Muhammad, who received revelations from God and began preaching Islam. Muhammad's followers faced persecution in Mecca, leading to the Hijra or migration to Medina in 622 and establishing the Muslim calendar. The five pillars of Islam are outlined as professing faith, daily prayer, pilgrimage to Mecca, fasting during Ramadan, and alms-giving. The early Islamic caliphates rapidly expanded the Arab Empire across the Middle East and North Africa under the Rashidun and Umayyad caliphates before the Abbasids moved the capital to Baghdad.

1. EL ISLAM Y SU
EXPANSIÓN
The Islam and its expansion

3. ARABIA
PRE
ISLÁMICA

4. PRE-ISLAMIC
ARABIA
In the early seventh century
was inhabitated by nomad
shepherds, who travelled from
one oasis to another, and by
settled tribs on the Read Sea
coast, who lived from
agriculture and trade

6. ARABIA, MAHOMA Y EL
ISLAM
ARABIA, MUHAMMAD AND
ISLAM
Muhammad was born in
Mecca in 570 and spent his
youth in the caravan trade.
According to legend, the
archangel Gabriel told him
to preach the religion of
Allah (God).

7. The new religion is called
Islam, what means
submision to the only and
very God,
Allah

8. LA HÉGIRA
HIJRA
He begun to preach that Allah was
the only God, that the poor and the
rich were equal and they had to share
their money.
This angered the rich polytheistic
merchants of Mecca and Muhammad
had to escape to Medina in 622.
This event, known as Hijra, is taken
as the start of the Muslim calendar.

9. The Holy Koran,
contains Muhammad's
teachings
El Corán

10. LOS PILARES DEL
ISLAM
PILARS OF ISLAM

11. LOS PILARES DEL
ISLAM

13. PROFESS THE FAITH

15. OBLIGATORY
PRAYER
Pray five times a day, facing towards Mecca

18. PILGRIMADE TO
MECCA
Must be made once in a lifetime

20. FASTING DURING THE MONTH OF
RAMADAM

25. ALMS-GIVING
Muslims must share his wealth with the less fortunate

28. LA EXPANSIÓN DEL
ISLAM
THE EXPANSION OF
ISLAM

31. THE STAGES OF THE CONQUEST
THE RASHIDUN CALIPHATE(632-661)
EL CALIFATO ORTODOXO
In this period Muhammad's successor were chosen among
the family members and closest friends of Muhammad.
They lived in Medina.
The Empire stread throughough Syria, Palestine, Egipt,
North of Africa, Mesopotamia and Persia

33. THE UMAYYAD CALIPHATE (661-
750)
EL CALIFATO OMEYA
The capital was changed to Damasco.
The Arabic Empire was at its biggest,
extending from the Iberian Peninsula to the Indus
Valley.

35. THE ABBASID CALIPHATE (750-
1055)
EL CALIFATO ABASIDA
The Abbasid dynasty deposed the Umayyads
They moved the capital to Bagdag.
The expansion ceased and the Empire began
to break down into many small caliphates.

36. Finally the Turks conquered the caliphate in
1055, but the Abbasid monarchy continued
after the Turks until the Moghuls conquered
Bagdag in 1258.
The Ottoman Turks became very powerful
during the next centuries until Constantinople
fell in 1453, ending the Byzantine Empire.

37. “To be continued..."
– Nuria Torreblanca