The document discusses the healthcare system in Saudi Arabia. It begins by defining key terms like health, healthcare system, and system components. It then provides details on the evolution of healthcare systems and characteristics of the Saudi Arabian system. The main components of the Saudi system are described, including the Ministry of Health, which provides primary and referral care, and other government agencies involved in healthcare delivery and financing. Coverage and eligibility are also summarized. The document concludes by outlining strategies to address shortages in healthcare manpower.
Inpatient Department consists of a wards with Nursing Station,Beds, and all other facilities & services necessary for good patient care. It is one of the important aspects of hospital as every ratios and calculation for hospital planning and designing process.
Inpatient Department consists of a wards with Nursing Station,Beds, and all other facilities & services necessary for good patient care. It is one of the important aspects of hospital as every ratios and calculation for hospital planning and designing process.
JCI Accreditation Status and way-forward in Saudi Arabia in 2013 by Mumtaz AhmedMumtaz Ahmed
The Joint Commission International (JCI) is a well know certification-body in health sector, to provide and accredit various standards of service delivery. In this presentation, author describes the situation analysis of accreditation status, in Saudi Arabia upto September, 2013, and way-forward for desired hospital setups for certification.
JCI Accreditation Status and way-forward in Saudi Arabia in 2013 by Mumtaz AhmedMumtaz Ahmed
The Joint Commission International (JCI) is a well know certification-body in health sector, to provide and accredit various standards of service delivery. In this presentation, author describes the situation analysis of accreditation status, in Saudi Arabia upto September, 2013, and way-forward for desired hospital setups for certification.
1Running Head CRITICAL THINKING NEW HOSPITAL PROPOSALCR.docxfelicidaddinwoodie
1
Running Head: CRITICAL THINKING: NEW HOSPITAL PROPOSAL
CRITICAL THINKING: NEW HOSPITAL PROPOSAL 2
Introduction
The system of healthcare in most of the countries is national based healthcare system whereby the government offers health care services to the public using governmental agencies. In Saudi Arabia for example, there are some growing private healthcare facilities. The government of many nations remains the full controller of the healthcare sectors both private and public. The private hospitals are both non-profit and profit for example in Saudi Arabia, most of these private hospital attracts several expats. Both the standards of both private and government hospitals are of more similarity. Some of the private healthcare facilities are of the world class but with poor health service delivery (Penm,2015).
Comparing and Contrasting the Legal Structure and Governance of the Profit and Non-profit international entities
Differences
The selected international entities include the Joint Commission International (non-profit), International Hospital Federation (non-profit) and the Kaiser Permanente (non-profit and profit). The legal structure of the Joint Commission International (JCI) follows the certification and accreditation of the hospital. The hospital must be evaluated first to see if the hospital complies with the standards and meets the activities needed by this entity. There are accreditation programs that any hospital must go through. This is then followed by the certification which can either be based on associated health care organization (Joint Commission, 2016). On the other hand, the International Hospital Federation requires a formal and documented request addressed to the Chief Executive Officer for one to be a member. The legal structure of Kaiser Permanente is consisting of two or three independent legal entities in each region of California (Finz, 2012). The applying employee must have been hired as a new Kaiser Permanente for an award-eligible post.
The governance of the International Hospital Federation is consisting of three organs i.e. the general assembly, governing council, and the executive committee. There are also the designated positions which consist of the president, chairman designate, immediate past president, treasurer, and the chief executive officer (International Hospital Federation, 2015). On the other hand, Kaiser Permanente is consisting of entities with each entity having its management and governance structure. There are regional entities and twelve Permanente Medical groups which were created by the Permanente Federation. The role of the Permanente is to standardized patient care as well as the performance (Finz, 2012). The governing of JCI is under the leadership of the President and the chief executive officer (Matt, 2011).
Advantages of the Entities
Join Commission International provides a wide variety of health care programs l ...
Health financing within the overall health systemHFG Project
Presented during Day One of the 2016 Nigeria Health Care Financing Training Workshop. Presented by Prof. Tanimola Akande and Dr. Francis Ukwuije. More: https://www.hfgproject.org/hcf-training-nigeria
Health care delivery system is defined as the aggregate of institutions, organizations and persons who enter, the health care system, who has responsibility that include the promotion of health , prevention of illness, detection and treatment of disease and rehabilitation.
About Healthcare system of Bangladesh: Health care delivery is a daunting challenge area of the Bangladesh’s healthcare systems. The Health
care system in Bangladesh falls under the control of the Ministry of Health and Family Planning. The
government is responsible for building health facilities in urban and rural areas.
THE PURPOSE of the following sections is to give a brief description of many of the major drug classes that are important to nursing pharmacology; for drug class, we ‘ll discuss one prototype drug and examine it for information about warnings, indications, administration, and more; nurses, however, should seek out detailed information about individual drugs, as the prototype cannot be assumed to provide comprehensive information on other drugs in the same class; underline=preferred administration route
Define
Define related concepts nursing care of patients with musculoskeletal disorders.
Recognize
Recognize different types of musculoskeletal disorders.
Identify
Identify the clinical manifestations of musculoskeletal disorders.
Recognize
Recognize the medical management of musculoskeletal disorders.
Recognize
Recognize the nursing management
patients with musculoskeletal disorders.
MANAGEMENT OF PATIENTS WITH ENDOCRINE DISORDERSTHYROID DISORDERS (Hyperthyro...Jamilah AlQahtani
MANAGEMENT OF PATIENTS WITH ENDOCRINE DISORDERSTHYROID DISORDERS (Hyperthyroidism &Hypothyroidism)
Learning Objective
On completion of this lecture, the students will be able to:
Compare hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism: their causes, clinical manifestations, management, and nursing interventions.
Diabetes insipidus and syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormoneJamilah AlQahtani
MANAGEMENT OF PATIENTS WITH ENDOCRINE DISORDERSDiabetes Insipidus and Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone
Learning Objective
On completion of this lecture, the students will be able to:
Compare diabetes insipidus and SIADH: their causes, clinical manifestations, management, and nursing interventions.
Dm,MANAGEMENT OF PATIENTS WITH ENDOCRINE DISORDERSDiabetes MellitusJamilah AlQahtani
MANAGEMENT OF PATIENTS WITH ENDOCRINE DISORDERSDiabetes Mellitus
Learning Objectives
On completion of this lecture, the students will be able to:
Differentiate between type 1 and type 2 diabetes
Describe etiologic factors associated with diabetes
Identify the diagnostic and clinical significance of blood glucose test results
Describe the relationships among diet, exercise, and medication for people with diabetes.
Describe the acute and chronic complications of diabetes
Management of Patients withLower Respiratory Disorders Pulmonary Tuberculosis (TB)
At the end of the lecture, the student will be able to
Describe the patho-physiology of the disease.
Discuss the major risk factors and clinical manifestations of the disease.
Use the nursing process as a framework for patient care.
Discuss medical , surgical and nursing management of the disease.
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
The Gram stain is a fundamental technique in microbiology used to classify bacteria based on their cell wall structure. It provides a quick and simple method to distinguish between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, which have different susceptibilities to antibiotics
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
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Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
CDSCO and Phamacovigilance {Regulatory body in India}NEHA GUPTA
The Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) is India's national regulatory body for pharmaceuticals and medical devices. Operating under the Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, the CDSCO is responsible for approving new drugs, conducting clinical trials, setting standards for drugs, controlling the quality of imported drugs, and coordinating the activities of State Drug Control Organizations by providing expert advice.
Pharmacovigilance, on the other hand, is the science and activities related to the detection, assessment, understanding, and prevention of adverse effects or any other drug-related problems. The primary aim of pharmacovigilance is to ensure the safety and efficacy of medicines, thereby protecting public health.
In India, pharmacovigilance activities are monitored by the Pharmacovigilance Programme of India (PvPI), which works closely with CDSCO to collect, analyze, and act upon data regarding adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Together, they play a critical role in ensuring that the benefits of drugs outweigh their risks, maintaining high standards of patient safety, and promoting the rational use of medicines.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
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Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
6. Health
A state of complete physical, mental, and
social well-being and not merely the absence
of disease or infirmity
7. Health Care System
A collection of people and organizations
working together to provide health care to the
population
8. Organization
Two or more people working together within
identifiable boundariesboundaries to accomplishedaccomplished a
common goal.
Any organization has an INTERNALINTERNAL and
EXTERNALEXTERNAL environment
10. System
A set of interrelated componentsof interrelated components that serve a
greater purpose than the singular
components
Systems either be OpenOpen or ClosedClosed
16. System ComponentsSystem Components
• Input - - - - Resources.
• Throughput - - - - transforming process.
• Output - - - - the product (desired Vs undesired)
(intended Vs unintended)
(primary or secondary)
• Feedback - - - - communication and control
mechanism in and between systems
• Boundaries - - - - point of interaction b/w system and
environment
19. Evolution of HCSsEvolution of HCSs
• Before 1900Before 1900 … private physicians & medics.
charitable hospitals, NO insurance companies.
• Early 1900sEarly 1900s … public hospitals for poor ppl.
• In the 1980sIn the 1980s … many models established due
to economic constrains.
20. Characteristics of HCS:Characteristics of HCS:
TWO general types of services:
Illness (restorative).(restorative).
Wellness (preventive).(preventive).
21. Characteristics of Healthcare SystemCharacteristics of Healthcare System
TaxesTaxes TaxesTaxes
ControllerControllerControllerController
22. Healthcare perspectivesHealthcare perspectives
TWO perspectives on healthcare industry:
Government Vs Taxes (Horizontal axis)(Horizontal axis)
Who control how healthcare is delivered
(Vertical axis)(Vertical axis)
24. • Free market medicine,Free market medicine,
Where doctors determine who and how to
treat, and patients pay for their treatment
either directly or through private insurance
plans.
25. • The upper left contains single payerThe upper left contains single payer
health insurance,health insurance,
In which medical services are still provided
by the private sector, but the government
pays for the health care costs of its citizens
with taxes.
26. • In the lower left is socialized medicine,In the lower left is socialized medicine,
Where the government controls delivery of
health care, either through direct
employment of health care providers or
through heavy regulation, and pays for the
associated costs with taxes.
27. • In the lower right is governmentIn the lower right is government
monopoly,monopoly,
Which no implemented health care systems
currently emulate, but has been used in other
industries, such as the US postal service.
29. Healthcare system in Saudi ArabiaHealthcare system in Saudi Arabia
The healthcare system in Saudi Arabia can
be classified as a nationalnational health carehealth care
systemsystem in which the governmentgovernment provides
health care services through a number of
government agencies. The Ministry of HealthThe Ministry of Health
(MOH)(MOH) is the National Health Service (NHS)
for the entire population
30. Ministry of Health (MOH)Ministry of Health (MOH)
1. The Ministry of Health (MOH) is the major government
agency which provides preventive, curative and
rehabilitative health care for the Kingdom’s population.
2. The (MOH) provides primary health careprimary health care (PHC) services
through a network of health care centers.
31. Ministry of Health (MOHMinistry of Health (MOH))
3. The (MOH) applies the referral systemapplies the referral system which provides
curative carecurative care for all members of society from the level of
– General practitionersGeneral practitioners at health centers to advanced
technology specialist curative services through a broad
base of general and specialist hospitals.
4. The MOH is considered the lead government agency
responsible for the management, planning, financing and
regulating of the health care services.
32. Ministry of Health (MOH)Ministry of Health (MOH)
5. The MOH is responsible for the overall supervision and
follow-up of health care related activities carried out by the
private sector.
6. There are three other mini-NHS which finance and deliver
primary, secondary and tertiary care to specific security and
armed forces populations:
Ministry of Defense and Aviation (MODA)Ministry of Defense and Aviation (MODA)
Ministry of Interior (MOI)Ministry of Interior (MOI)
National Guard (SANG)National Guard (SANG)
33. Ministry of Health (MOH)Ministry of Health (MOH)
7. There are several independent government agenciesindependent government agencies which
are responsible for the delivery and financingdelivery and financing of health care
services in the KSA:
• Ministry of EducationMinistry of Education provides immediate primary health
care to students
• The Ministry of Labor and Social AffairsMinistry of Labor and Social Affairs provides long term
care for the mentally retarded and custodial homes for
orphans
• The General Organization for Social Insurance and GeneralGeneral Organization for Social Insurance and General
Presidency of Youth WelfarePresidency of Youth Welfare provide health services for the
population in connection with sport facilities
34. • The Royal Commission for Jubail and YanbuRoyal Commission for Jubail and Yanbu provides health
services for employees and residents at the two industrial
cities (Jubail and Yanbu).
• The Saudi Arabian AirlinesSaudi Arabian Airlines provides health services to its
employees
• The Kingdom’s universitiesKingdom’s universities provide health care to its
employees and students, through their medical colleges or
hospitals. They also provide specialist curative services and
medical education and training programs, while they also
conduct health research in collaboration with other research
centers
35. 8. The Government also finances and provides care on a
referral basis in its major specialized national tertiary care
referral hospitals:
• King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center:King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center: uses highly
advanced technologies and is a reference hospital for cases that
require advanced and specialist treatment , while it also conducts
research on health issues
• King Khalid Eye Specialist Hospital:King Khalid Eye Specialist Hospital: is a large health facility offering
high quality specialized services for ophthalmology and eye surgery
and medicine. It’s also a regional research center in the area of
ophthalmology. The hospital also has a cornea bank.
36. 9. The Saudi Red Crescent SocietySaudi Red Crescent Society provides emergency
services at the pre-hospital stage, either at the scene of
accidents or during the transportation of patients to
hospitals. The society also provides these services for
pilgrims during Hajj and Umrah at the Holy Places of Mecca
and Medina
10. The private sectorprivate sector provides health services through its
health facilities including hospitals, dispensaries,
laboratories, pharmacies and physiotherapy centers
throughout the kingdom.
37. Coverage and eligibility of healthCoverage and eligibility of health
care in KSAcare in KSA
• Saudi Arabia has universal health care coverage. Free
health care is a right for all Saudi citizens and expatriates
working in the public sector. There are two different
coverage groups:
– Saudis and expats working in the public sector.
– Expatriates working in the private sector.
• Generally, Saudi Health System law established a national
Health Services Council for the coordination of health
services to be responsible for the following tasks:
38. • Coordinating with educational and training institutionsinstitutions to
meet the need for Saudi workers in the health fields
• Coordinating and integratingintegrating all health system elements in
the kingdom iincludingncluding the private sector
• Ensuring optimal utilizationEnsuring optimal utilization of health facilities and available
resources in the Kingdom
• Selecting adequate alternativesSelecting adequate alternatives for the operation of hospitals
and financing health care services
39. • Developing specific criteria for the establishment of new
health facilities.
• Ensuring regional balanceregional balance regarding health care services
• Selecting adequate alternatives in the field of health
insurance
• Conducting studies and research in the health services at
the national level
40. Health Manpower in Saudi HeathHealth Manpower in Saudi Heath
CareCare
To meet the challenge imposed by the shortage of
qualified health personnel, the Labor Force Council
in Saudi Arabia adopted on 1/12/1423H a strategy
for the development of labor force in the health
sector containing short and long term goals to be
achieved through the following policies:
41. • Encourage the private sector to invest in the establishment
of medical schools and health colleges
• Increase capacity level in established health colleges and
institutes
• Increase opportunities for scholarships in health specialties
• Encourage hospitals to establish their own training centers
• Establish more teaching/training hospitals
• Use non-conventional educational systems
• Enlarge the base of medical postgraduate studies
• Strengthen the role of the Saudi council for Health
Specialties