The health care delivery system in India is comprised of five major sectors - public, private, indigenous systems of medicine, voluntary agencies, and national health programmes. At the central level, the Union Ministry of Health and Family Welfare oversees the country's health administration along with the Directorate General of Health Services and Central Council of Health. The health system is organized at three levels - central, state, and district - with the goal of improving population health, care experiences, and reducing economic burden.
The document summarizes the organization of health services in India at the central, state, and district levels. At the central level, the key organizations are the Union Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, the Directorate General of Health Services, and the Central Council of Health and Family Welfare. The state level is headed by a state health ministry and directorate. Districts are divided into subdivisions, community development blocks, municipalities, villages, and panchayats for local administration of health services.
Ayushman Bharat Yojana is the largest government-funded healthcare programme in the world that was launched by the Indian government on September 25, 2018. It has two components - the creation of 150,000 health and wellness centers across India and the Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana which provides a coverage of Rs. 500,000 per family per year for secondary and tertiary care hospitalization to over 10.74 crore poor and vulnerable families. The scheme aims to reduce out-of-pocket healthcare expenses for Indian citizens and provide financial risk
The document discusses the health care delivery system in India at the central, state, and local levels. At the central level, the key organizations are the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Directorate General of Health Services, and Central Council of Health and Family Welfare. The Ministry is responsible for policymaking, planning, and coordinating health services nationwide. The Directorate General oversees surveys, planning, and management of health matters. At the state level, each state has its own health ministry and directorate responsible for providing health services within its jurisdiction.
The document outlines India's National Health Policy from 2002. It aims to achieve an acceptable standard of health for the Indian population through decentralizing the public health system and ensuring more equitable access to healthcare. Specific objectives include enhancing private sector contribution, prioritizing prevention, rationalizing drug use, and increasing access to traditional medicine. The policy sets goals such as eradicating certain diseases by target years and reducing mortality and morbidity rates. It also recommends increasing health expenditure and personnel norms to improve the healthcare system.
The document summarizes India's health care delivery system. It describes a three-tiered organizational structure at the central, state, and district levels. At the central level, the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare oversees policy and planning while state governments directly manage health services. Districts are the basic administrative units and include both rural and urban administration systems focused on primary health care delivery.
Development of COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING in IndiaHarsh Rastogi
Community health nursing in India has evolved significantly over time from ancient practices to modern approaches. Historically, concepts of health, medicine, and nursing have been practiced in India since at least 5000 BC in the Vedic period. Over many centuries, systems like Ayurveda developed and hospitals, medical education, and basic public health practices were established. However, it was not until the early 20th century that formal training programs for community health nurses began in India. Major developments in the 1900s included establishing nursing schools, health programs targeting diseases, and committees to review and advance primary healthcare. The field has progressed to emphasize community-centered, participatory models aimed at promoting health for all.
The document summarizes India's health care delivery system. It has 3 main levels - central, state, and local/peripheral. At the central level, the key organizations are the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Directorate General of Health Services, and Central Council of Health and Family Welfare. States have significant independence in delivering healthcare. Locally, there are village health workers, subcenters, primary health centers (PHCs), and community health centers (CHCs).
This document discusses India's health care delivery system. It has three main levels: central, state, and local/peripheral. At the central level, the main organizations are the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, the Directorate General of Health Services, and the Central Council of Health and Family Welfare. They are responsible for policymaking, planning, and coordinating health services nationwide. At the state level, each state has its own health care delivery system. At the local level, health services are delivered through community health centers, primary health centers, and village-level workers. The goal is to provide universal access to basic health services across India.
The document summarizes the organization of health services in India at the central, state, and district levels. At the central level, the key organizations are the Union Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, the Directorate General of Health Services, and the Central Council of Health and Family Welfare. The state level is headed by a state health ministry and directorate. Districts are divided into subdivisions, community development blocks, municipalities, villages, and panchayats for local administration of health services.
Ayushman Bharat Yojana is the largest government-funded healthcare programme in the world that was launched by the Indian government on September 25, 2018. It has two components - the creation of 150,000 health and wellness centers across India and the Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana which provides a coverage of Rs. 500,000 per family per year for secondary and tertiary care hospitalization to over 10.74 crore poor and vulnerable families. The scheme aims to reduce out-of-pocket healthcare expenses for Indian citizens and provide financial risk
The document discusses the health care delivery system in India at the central, state, and local levels. At the central level, the key organizations are the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Directorate General of Health Services, and Central Council of Health and Family Welfare. The Ministry is responsible for policymaking, planning, and coordinating health services nationwide. The Directorate General oversees surveys, planning, and management of health matters. At the state level, each state has its own health ministry and directorate responsible for providing health services within its jurisdiction.
The document outlines India's National Health Policy from 2002. It aims to achieve an acceptable standard of health for the Indian population through decentralizing the public health system and ensuring more equitable access to healthcare. Specific objectives include enhancing private sector contribution, prioritizing prevention, rationalizing drug use, and increasing access to traditional medicine. The policy sets goals such as eradicating certain diseases by target years and reducing mortality and morbidity rates. It also recommends increasing health expenditure and personnel norms to improve the healthcare system.
The document summarizes India's health care delivery system. It describes a three-tiered organizational structure at the central, state, and district levels. At the central level, the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare oversees policy and planning while state governments directly manage health services. Districts are the basic administrative units and include both rural and urban administration systems focused on primary health care delivery.
Development of COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING in IndiaHarsh Rastogi
Community health nursing in India has evolved significantly over time from ancient practices to modern approaches. Historically, concepts of health, medicine, and nursing have been practiced in India since at least 5000 BC in the Vedic period. Over many centuries, systems like Ayurveda developed and hospitals, medical education, and basic public health practices were established. However, it was not until the early 20th century that formal training programs for community health nurses began in India. Major developments in the 1900s included establishing nursing schools, health programs targeting diseases, and committees to review and advance primary healthcare. The field has progressed to emphasize community-centered, participatory models aimed at promoting health for all.
The document summarizes India's health care delivery system. It has 3 main levels - central, state, and local/peripheral. At the central level, the key organizations are the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Directorate General of Health Services, and Central Council of Health and Family Welfare. States have significant independence in delivering healthcare. Locally, there are village health workers, subcenters, primary health centers (PHCs), and community health centers (CHCs).
This document discusses India's health care delivery system. It has three main levels: central, state, and local/peripheral. At the central level, the main organizations are the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, the Directorate General of Health Services, and the Central Council of Health and Family Welfare. They are responsible for policymaking, planning, and coordinating health services nationwide. At the state level, each state has its own health care delivery system. At the local level, health services are delivered through community health centers, primary health centers, and village-level workers. The goal is to provide universal access to basic health services across India.
The document discusses the organization and administration of India's health system. It describes the system at the central, state, and local levels. At the central level, the Union Ministry of Health and Family Welfare oversees policymaking, planning, and coordination. Other central organizations include the Directorate General of Health Services and Central Council of Health. States have independent health systems under their administration. Locally, districts are divided into subdivisions, tehsils, villages, municipalities, and panchayats for decentralized governance.
The document discusses intersectoral coordination for health, which involves coordinating health initiatives with other sectors that impact health, like education, agriculture, rural development, etc. It outlines key principles like development influencing health and equity. Areas of coordination include nutrition, water supply, sanitation, and maternal/child health. Coordination mechanisms involve forming committees to jointly plan initiatives across sectors. Benefits are achieving goals no single sector can alone and preventing overall welfare losses from uncoordinated policies.
This document provides an overview of community health nursing. It defines key terms like community, health, and nursing. It describes the causes of poor health and the three types of communities. It explains that community health nursing combines nursing, public health, and social work to promote health, prevent disease, and rehabilitate illness within a defined community. The aims, objectives, principles, functions, and roles of community health nursing are outlined. These include health promotion, disease prevention, treatment, rehabilitation, evaluation, and research at the individual, family, and population levels.
Communty health nursing- Definition, principles , ScopeAnand Gowda
This document contains information about the definition and principles of community health nursing according to the American Nurses Association from 1980. It defines community health nursing as a synthesis of nursing practice and public health practice aimed at promoting and preserving the health of populations. The focus is on the population as a whole, with nursing directed at individuals, families, and groups contributing to overall population health. Principles of community health nursing include health promotion, maintenance, education, management, care coordination, and a holistic approach.
This document provides an introduction to community health nursing. It defines key terms like community, community health, public health, and community health nursing. It discusses the objectives of community health nursing which are to define related concepts and discuss the historical background, essential functions, and roles of community health nurses. The roles discussed include clinician, educator, manager, leader, researcher, and advocate. The document also covers applying the nursing process in home visits as part of the community health nurse's role.
This document discusses primary health care (PHC), including its definition, principles, and the role of nurses. It provides the following key points:
1. PHC is defined as universally accessible and affordable health care that involves community participation. Its goals include disease prevention, health promotion, and treatment of common health issues.
2. The principles of PHC are equitable distribution of care, community participation, coordination between health and other sectors, and use of appropriate technologies.
3. Nurses play an important role in PHC by directly providing care, educating communities, planning and managing care, and supervising other health workers. Their training was revised to better prepare them for PHC.
The document outlines India's National Health Policy, which aims to provide health for all citizens by 2000 AD. Key elements of the 1983 policy included creating health awareness, increasing access to clean water and sanitation, and improving rural health infrastructure. However, many factors interfered with progress towards the goal, such as insufficient funding and intersectoral coordination. As a result, a new National Health Policy was introduced in 2001 with updated goals such as reducing mortality from diseases like tuberculosis and malaria by 2010. The WHO is also committed to supporting health for all globally through leadership, standards development, and technical assistance to countries.
Family health services are the central point of health services.
It is an important component of “Health for All” goal.
Health of each individual affects the health of other member of family.
Launched as recommended by the national health policy 2017
To achieve the vision of universal health coverage (UHC).
This initiative has been designed to meet Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and its underlining commitment, which is to "leave no one behind.“
The document discusses India's health care delivery system at different levels from central, state, district, block and village. It provides definitions of health, health care services and health care delivery system. It describes the organization and functions of health care delivery at central level including various departments and bodies. It also discusses the organization at state level including state health ministry and directorate. The health care delivery system faces challenges in providing basic care to all citizens due to fiscal constraints.
Ethical and legal issues in community health nursing andAmu Jogipur
The document discusses ethical and legal issues in community health nursing. It defines ethics as moral principles and rules of conduct, and law as standards established by government to protect the public. Community health nurses face many ethical conflicts as they work alone in patients' homes. Nurses must understand legal concepts like negligence, malpractice, and patients' rights to avoid issues. Society has an ethical obligation to ensure equitable access to healthcare for all. Community health nurses must navigate these complex ethical and legal issues in their work.
concept and scope of community health and community health nursingPuspanjali mohapatro
Community health nursing aims to promote the health of communities through disease prevention, health education, and management of factors affecting health. It involves working with communities as partners to focus on primary prevention, health promotion, and management of care for individuals, families, and groups in the community. The roles of community health nurses include providing comprehensive care, assisting with diagnosis and treatment, educating families, conducting home visits, advocating for communities, and collaborating with other health professionals to strengthen community resources and control diseases. The overall goal is to increase communities' ability to address their own health problems and provide accessible health services.
This document discusses the ethical and legal issues in community health nursing. It begins by defining ethics and explaining that ethics deals with values relating to human conduct. It then discusses several client rights including informed consent, privacy, and the right to refuse treatment. The document outlines the nurse's professional responsibilities, which include upholding the code of ethics. It discusses key ethical principles like beneficence, autonomy, nonmaleficence, and justice. Finally, it examines some laws that affect nursing practice like scope of practice laws and malpractice.
This document outlines several national health policies and objectives in India, including the National Health Policy, National Policy on AYUSH, and National Population Policy. It provides definitions of policy and health policy. The objectives of the policies are to improve health status and outcomes, increase access to primary healthcare services, and strengthen the health system. Some specific goals mentioned are reducing mortality rates, increasing utilization of public health facilities, expanding health infrastructure and the community health workforce.
This document introduces mid-level health providers (MLHPs) as an emerging workforce in developing countries to address shortages of trained healthcare professionals. MLHPs are health workers trained for 2-3 years who can diagnose, treat illnesses and perform basic medical tasks autonomously, especially in rural areas with limited access to doctors and nurses. The document defines MLHPs according to the WHO and discusses their concept, including how adequately trained MLHPs can deliver essential health services with quality comparable to physicians. It also outlines India's introduction of a new MLHP role called Community Health Officers in 2019 to support primary health centers, and changes being integrated to nursing curriculums to incorporate MLHP training.
India has a three-tiered health care delivery system with central, state, and local levels. At the central level, three main departments are responsible for health policy, family welfare, and Indian systems of medicine. States have autonomy in health matters. The local level consists of community health centers, primary health centers, and sub-centers that provide primary care services including maternal and child health services. Each level has defined staffing patterns and functions aimed at implementing national health programs and meeting the health needs of the population.
Health system in india at district levelKailash Nagar
The document discusses the organizational structure of healthcare delivery at the district level in India. The key points are:
1. The district health system is headed by the Chief Medical and Health Officer who oversees all health and family welfare programs. They are assisted by other program officers.
2. The district is divided into subdivisions, tehsils, community development blocks, municipalities, and villages. Healthcare services are provided at each level through various public health facilities.
3. In addition to the CMHO, other important officers include the District Tuberculosis Officer, District Malaria Officer, and District Leprosy Officer who are responsible for implementing specific disease control programs.
There are three levels of health care: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary care takes place at the village level and aims to deal with most health problems. It focuses on health promotion and prevention. Secondary care is provided at district hospitals and handles more complex issues, providing curative services. Tertiary care takes place at medical college hospitals and specialized institutions, focusing on specialized care and attention from highly trained workers. The health care system is organized in a tiered structure from the national level down to village level for effective referral of patients between levels of care.
The document summarizes India's health care delivery system. At the central level, the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare oversees various departments and organizations. These include the Central Council of Health, which advises on health policy, and the Director General of Health Services. States have their own health ministries and directorates. Primary health care is delivered through a network of sub-centers, primary health centers (one per 30,000 people in plains), and community health centers. The primary focus is on maternal and child health, immunization, and other basic services.
The document provides an overview of India's health care delivery system, including its organizational framework at the national, state, district, and local levels. It describes the key components of primary health care in India such as primary health centers (PHCs), sub centers, and community health centers (CHCs). The document also outlines some of India's major health problems including communicable diseases, nutritional issues, and environmental sanitation challenges.
The document provides an overview of India's health care delivery system. It discusses three main levels: central, state, and district/local levels. At the central level, the key organizations are the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare and the Directorate General of Health Services, which are responsible for policymaking, planning, and coordination. At the state level, each state has its own independent health care system. At the district/local level, primary health care is delivered through a three-tiered rural system of sub-centers, primary health centers (PHC), and community health centers (CHC) based on population thresholds. The PHCs act as the first point of contact between communities and medical officers.
The document discusses India's health care delivery system. It outlines the objectives of providing universal access to preventative, curative, and restorative care. The system has three levels - primary, secondary, and tertiary. The primary level includes sub-centers and primary health centers staffed by health workers, assistants, and medical officers. They provide basic services. Secondary levels include community health centers with specialists and diagnostic services. Tertiary levels have district and specialty hospitals. The system also involves private providers, indigenous medicine, and national health programs.
The document discusses the organization and administration of India's health system. It describes the system at the central, state, and local levels. At the central level, the Union Ministry of Health and Family Welfare oversees policymaking, planning, and coordination. Other central organizations include the Directorate General of Health Services and Central Council of Health. States have independent health systems under their administration. Locally, districts are divided into subdivisions, tehsils, villages, municipalities, and panchayats for decentralized governance.
The document discusses intersectoral coordination for health, which involves coordinating health initiatives with other sectors that impact health, like education, agriculture, rural development, etc. It outlines key principles like development influencing health and equity. Areas of coordination include nutrition, water supply, sanitation, and maternal/child health. Coordination mechanisms involve forming committees to jointly plan initiatives across sectors. Benefits are achieving goals no single sector can alone and preventing overall welfare losses from uncoordinated policies.
This document provides an overview of community health nursing. It defines key terms like community, health, and nursing. It describes the causes of poor health and the three types of communities. It explains that community health nursing combines nursing, public health, and social work to promote health, prevent disease, and rehabilitate illness within a defined community. The aims, objectives, principles, functions, and roles of community health nursing are outlined. These include health promotion, disease prevention, treatment, rehabilitation, evaluation, and research at the individual, family, and population levels.
Communty health nursing- Definition, principles , ScopeAnand Gowda
This document contains information about the definition and principles of community health nursing according to the American Nurses Association from 1980. It defines community health nursing as a synthesis of nursing practice and public health practice aimed at promoting and preserving the health of populations. The focus is on the population as a whole, with nursing directed at individuals, families, and groups contributing to overall population health. Principles of community health nursing include health promotion, maintenance, education, management, care coordination, and a holistic approach.
This document provides an introduction to community health nursing. It defines key terms like community, community health, public health, and community health nursing. It discusses the objectives of community health nursing which are to define related concepts and discuss the historical background, essential functions, and roles of community health nurses. The roles discussed include clinician, educator, manager, leader, researcher, and advocate. The document also covers applying the nursing process in home visits as part of the community health nurse's role.
This document discusses primary health care (PHC), including its definition, principles, and the role of nurses. It provides the following key points:
1. PHC is defined as universally accessible and affordable health care that involves community participation. Its goals include disease prevention, health promotion, and treatment of common health issues.
2. The principles of PHC are equitable distribution of care, community participation, coordination between health and other sectors, and use of appropriate technologies.
3. Nurses play an important role in PHC by directly providing care, educating communities, planning and managing care, and supervising other health workers. Their training was revised to better prepare them for PHC.
The document outlines India's National Health Policy, which aims to provide health for all citizens by 2000 AD. Key elements of the 1983 policy included creating health awareness, increasing access to clean water and sanitation, and improving rural health infrastructure. However, many factors interfered with progress towards the goal, such as insufficient funding and intersectoral coordination. As a result, a new National Health Policy was introduced in 2001 with updated goals such as reducing mortality from diseases like tuberculosis and malaria by 2010. The WHO is also committed to supporting health for all globally through leadership, standards development, and technical assistance to countries.
Family health services are the central point of health services.
It is an important component of “Health for All” goal.
Health of each individual affects the health of other member of family.
Launched as recommended by the national health policy 2017
To achieve the vision of universal health coverage (UHC).
This initiative has been designed to meet Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and its underlining commitment, which is to "leave no one behind.“
The document discusses India's health care delivery system at different levels from central, state, district, block and village. It provides definitions of health, health care services and health care delivery system. It describes the organization and functions of health care delivery at central level including various departments and bodies. It also discusses the organization at state level including state health ministry and directorate. The health care delivery system faces challenges in providing basic care to all citizens due to fiscal constraints.
Ethical and legal issues in community health nursing andAmu Jogipur
The document discusses ethical and legal issues in community health nursing. It defines ethics as moral principles and rules of conduct, and law as standards established by government to protect the public. Community health nurses face many ethical conflicts as they work alone in patients' homes. Nurses must understand legal concepts like negligence, malpractice, and patients' rights to avoid issues. Society has an ethical obligation to ensure equitable access to healthcare for all. Community health nurses must navigate these complex ethical and legal issues in their work.
concept and scope of community health and community health nursingPuspanjali mohapatro
Community health nursing aims to promote the health of communities through disease prevention, health education, and management of factors affecting health. It involves working with communities as partners to focus on primary prevention, health promotion, and management of care for individuals, families, and groups in the community. The roles of community health nurses include providing comprehensive care, assisting with diagnosis and treatment, educating families, conducting home visits, advocating for communities, and collaborating with other health professionals to strengthen community resources and control diseases. The overall goal is to increase communities' ability to address their own health problems and provide accessible health services.
This document discusses the ethical and legal issues in community health nursing. It begins by defining ethics and explaining that ethics deals with values relating to human conduct. It then discusses several client rights including informed consent, privacy, and the right to refuse treatment. The document outlines the nurse's professional responsibilities, which include upholding the code of ethics. It discusses key ethical principles like beneficence, autonomy, nonmaleficence, and justice. Finally, it examines some laws that affect nursing practice like scope of practice laws and malpractice.
This document outlines several national health policies and objectives in India, including the National Health Policy, National Policy on AYUSH, and National Population Policy. It provides definitions of policy and health policy. The objectives of the policies are to improve health status and outcomes, increase access to primary healthcare services, and strengthen the health system. Some specific goals mentioned are reducing mortality rates, increasing utilization of public health facilities, expanding health infrastructure and the community health workforce.
This document introduces mid-level health providers (MLHPs) as an emerging workforce in developing countries to address shortages of trained healthcare professionals. MLHPs are health workers trained for 2-3 years who can diagnose, treat illnesses and perform basic medical tasks autonomously, especially in rural areas with limited access to doctors and nurses. The document defines MLHPs according to the WHO and discusses their concept, including how adequately trained MLHPs can deliver essential health services with quality comparable to physicians. It also outlines India's introduction of a new MLHP role called Community Health Officers in 2019 to support primary health centers, and changes being integrated to nursing curriculums to incorporate MLHP training.
India has a three-tiered health care delivery system with central, state, and local levels. At the central level, three main departments are responsible for health policy, family welfare, and Indian systems of medicine. States have autonomy in health matters. The local level consists of community health centers, primary health centers, and sub-centers that provide primary care services including maternal and child health services. Each level has defined staffing patterns and functions aimed at implementing national health programs and meeting the health needs of the population.
Health system in india at district levelKailash Nagar
The document discusses the organizational structure of healthcare delivery at the district level in India. The key points are:
1. The district health system is headed by the Chief Medical and Health Officer who oversees all health and family welfare programs. They are assisted by other program officers.
2. The district is divided into subdivisions, tehsils, community development blocks, municipalities, and villages. Healthcare services are provided at each level through various public health facilities.
3. In addition to the CMHO, other important officers include the District Tuberculosis Officer, District Malaria Officer, and District Leprosy Officer who are responsible for implementing specific disease control programs.
There are three levels of health care: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary care takes place at the village level and aims to deal with most health problems. It focuses on health promotion and prevention. Secondary care is provided at district hospitals and handles more complex issues, providing curative services. Tertiary care takes place at medical college hospitals and specialized institutions, focusing on specialized care and attention from highly trained workers. The health care system is organized in a tiered structure from the national level down to village level for effective referral of patients between levels of care.
The document summarizes India's health care delivery system. At the central level, the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare oversees various departments and organizations. These include the Central Council of Health, which advises on health policy, and the Director General of Health Services. States have their own health ministries and directorates. Primary health care is delivered through a network of sub-centers, primary health centers (one per 30,000 people in plains), and community health centers. The primary focus is on maternal and child health, immunization, and other basic services.
The document provides an overview of India's health care delivery system, including its organizational framework at the national, state, district, and local levels. It describes the key components of primary health care in India such as primary health centers (PHCs), sub centers, and community health centers (CHCs). The document also outlines some of India's major health problems including communicable diseases, nutritional issues, and environmental sanitation challenges.
The document provides an overview of India's health care delivery system. It discusses three main levels: central, state, and district/local levels. At the central level, the key organizations are the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare and the Directorate General of Health Services, which are responsible for policymaking, planning, and coordination. At the state level, each state has its own independent health care system. At the district/local level, primary health care is delivered through a three-tiered rural system of sub-centers, primary health centers (PHC), and community health centers (CHC) based on population thresholds. The PHCs act as the first point of contact between communities and medical officers.
The document discusses India's health care delivery system. It outlines the objectives of providing universal access to preventative, curative, and restorative care. The system has three levels - primary, secondary, and tertiary. The primary level includes sub-centers and primary health centers staffed by health workers, assistants, and medical officers. They provide basic services. Secondary levels include community health centers with specialists and diagnostic services. Tertiary levels have district and specialty hospitals. The system also involves private providers, indigenous medicine, and national health programs.
North miami beach community healthcare centerSchool RN BCPS
Nursing Leadership and Management Project. Combined BSN-MSN ARNP program for Foreign Educated Physicians. at FIU. Biscayne Bay Campus . North Miami. Dec. 2013.
Medical officers Role in Educational InstitutionsEHTISHAM MANZOOR
A Medical Officer for a student is a complete guide,counsellor and a good friend with whom he can share his abilities and disabilities. In every educational institution there was a need, there is a need and there will always be a need of a MEDICAL OFFICER.
Determinants of delivery of health services by community health workers a cas...Alexander Decker
1) The document examines the determinants of health service delivery by community health workers (CHWs) in Embu District, Kenya.
2) It finds that CHWs provide vital health services at the community level, including referrals, community meetings, and health education. However, household visits are low.
3) The main factors influencing health service delivery are the availability of income, supplies, refresher training, number of days working, feedback, and disease knowledge. Older and younger CHWs and male CHWs were more active than others.
This document discusses various topics related to health care planning, including identifying sources of health care plans and types of coverage provided. It describes major provisions of plans and policies, as well as the purpose of disability income insurance. The document provides tips for reducing personal health care costs through prevention. It also discusses health insurance as financial protection and as part of risk management. Various types of health care providers, coverage, and policies are defined.
The document outlines the role and objectives of school health services, which involves conducting regular medical inspections of school children to detect defects early and minimize the spread of communicable diseases. The school health team consists of a school medical officer, nurse, and attendant. The medical officer is responsible for routine medical examinations, immunizations, advising parents and teachers, inspecting facilities, and educating teachers on first aid and recognizing common student ailments. The overall goal is to provide a healthy environment and protect students' physical and mental health.
1) The health care delivery system in India is organized in a tiered structure from the national level down to village level primary health centers and sub-centers.
2) At the national level, the Union Ministry of Health and Family Welfare oversees health programs and institutions while state governments administer health services at the state, district, block and village levels.
3) The primary health care system aims to provide basic health services to rural populations through a network of sub-centers, primary health centers, and community health centers covering populations of 3,000 to 120,000 people.
The document summarizes the organization of health services in India from the central, state, district, and block levels. At the central level, the Union Ministry of Health and Family Welfare oversees departments that deal with health, family welfare, and Ayush systems. It coordinates with states and oversees national health programs. States have their own health directorates responsible for implementing central policies and programs. Districts are headed by Chief Medical Officers of Health. At the block level, a three-tier structure consists of Community Health Centers, Primary Health Centers, and Sub Centers serving populations of varying sizes.
The document outlines the infrastructure, staffing, services, and equipment requirements for Indian community health centres. Key requirements include:
- 30 indoor beds, an operation theatre, labour room, X-ray and laboratory facilities.
- Staff including doctors, nurses, paramedical staff, and administrative staff totaling 46-52 people.
- Services such as OPD clinics, routine and emergency surgery/medicine care, maternal and child health services, family planning, and national health programs.
- Diagnostic services, equipment, drugs, and transportation for referrals.
Communities, it is not about you. It is about themRick Mans
You cannot create a community, however there are still a lot you can do to connect with you fans. Keep in mind: social media is not about you, it is about the,
Commissioner Choucair presenting on Healthy Chicago and how it addresses the social determinants of health within Healthy Chicago, how the leadership at the top worked to accomplish Healthy Chicago, and a review of Healthy Chicago.
People think they know what wellness is ... but do they have the full picture? Wellness is a lot more than being healthy. It’s a lot more than the absence of disease. Find out the 8 dimensions of wellness and how you can live a healthy, happy, resilient life.
Using social media and digital tools to create community in traditional sectors requires a careful understanding of who you are trying to reach. Twitter, Linkedin, and Facebook are not always the tool to use.
Healthy People is a set of 10-year national objectives designed to improve health and reduce health disparities. Healthy People 2020 includes over 1,200 objectives across 42 topic areas and emphasizes health equity, social determinants of health, and life-long health. It provides measurable benchmarks to guide national health promotion and disease prevention efforts through collaboration across government agencies and sectors. The goals are to attain high-quality, long lives free of preventable disease; achieve health equity; create environments that promote good health; and promote healthy behaviors across all life stages.
The document discusses tobacco use in Wisconsin. It states that 19.9% of Wisconsin adults smoke cigarettes, and 12.2% of youth aged 12-17 smoke. About 7,200 adults aged 35+ die from tobacco-related causes each year in Wisconsin. The costs of healthcare and lost productivity from tobacco are $2.2 billion and $1.6 billion per year respectively. Smoking is more prevalent in low socioeconomic groups. Objectives for 2020 include strengthening data on tobacco-related disparities and building local coalition capacity to address such disparities.
Strategic Marketing Program for Healthcare DivisionAbel Ahing
Strategic Marketing Program for KMI Healthcare Division. This outlines a 3-track marketing program building brand equity and patient experience culture for a healthcare provider, Kumpulan Medi Iman (KMI). KMI owns specialist hospitals serving the community where each hospital operates.
My presentation for a panel at ESOF - Euroscience Open Forum 2012 in Dublin, Ireland in July 2012. More info here: http://nordicworlds.net/2012/06/28/panel-at-esof-the-virtual-future-of-healthcare/.
1) The document summarizes the 2013 annual business and technical conference of the WHO European Healthy Cities Network held in Izmir, Turkey from September 20-22, 2013.
2) The conference focused on implementing the WHO's Health 2020 strategy and healthy cities as a vehicle for action.
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The document summarizes the health care delivery system in India at various levels from national to community. It describes the administrative and organizational structure at each level, including the roles of different government bodies and private organizations. The national level is led by the Union Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. States have their own health departments and are divided further into regional, district, subdivision, and community levels. Primary health centers, sub-centers, and community health centers deliver services at the community level. Both public and private sectors provide health care across this multi-level system in India.
The document discusses India's health care delivery system at different levels from central to state to district and community. It outlines the organization and functions of the system including the roles of various ministries, directorates, and centers. It also discusses the philosophy, goals, principles and functions of the health care delivery system. Current issues and challenges facing the system are also summarized such as gaps in infrastructure and manpower as well as the increasing burden of communicable and non-communicable diseases.
The health care delivery system in India has three main levels: central, state, and district. At the central level, the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare is responsible for policymaking, planning, and coordinating health services. States each have their own health care systems overseen by state health directors. Districts are divided into subdivisions, blocks, municipalities, and villages served by primary health centers, community health centers, and hospitals. The system aims to provide comprehensive, accessible, affordable, and community-participatory health care through primary, secondary, and tertiary levels.
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The health care system in India consists of organizations at the central, state, and local levels. At the central level, the key organizations are the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, the Directorate General of Health Services, and the Central Council of Health and Family Welfare. The Ministry has three departments and is responsible for policymaking, planning, and coordinating nationwide health programs. It is supported by the Directorate General of Health Services, which provides technical guidance. States have their own health systems and are responsible for implementation, while districts and local levels provide services. Healthcare spending in India was about 5% of GDP in 2013 and is growing rapidly driven by increases in public and private expenditures.
This document provides an overview of India's health system, including its historical evolution, key components, goals, and models of health care delivery. It discusses the health system at the central, state, and local levels in India. At the central level, the main organizations are the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare and the Directorate General of Health Services, which are responsible for policymaking, planning, and coordinating health programs and services. Implementation occurs at the state level through state health ministries and departments. Health care services are then delivered through a three-tiered system at the district, block, and village levels. The document also examines concepts of health systems, methods of financing, and challenges faced.
The document provides an overview of India's health care delivery system, describing its organization at national, state, district, block and village levels. It explains the key components at each level, including the national Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, state health departments, and primary care facilities like sub-centers, PHCs and CHCs. The document also outlines the functions and manpower of these primary care facilities, and discusses national health policies, programs and the concept of universal health coverage in India.
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The document provides an overview of India's health care delivery system. It begins by introducing the system, which includes hospitals, clinics, health centers, and special health programs. It is enhanced through linkages between various subsystems.
It then discusses the various organizations involved in health care at the national, state, district, and block levels. At the national level, the key organizations are the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, the Directorate General of Health Services, and the Central Council of Health and Family Welfare. The Ministry has departments for health and family welfare that work to regulate medical education and practice, establish drug standards, and organize national health programs.
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The document summarizes the health system in India at the central, state, and district levels. At the central level, the key organizations are the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Directorate General of Health Services, and Central Council of Health. The Ministry oversees policymaking while DGHS provides technical guidance. States each have their own health administration led by a health ministry and directorate. Districts are the primary administrative units and deliver health services under state control.
The document provides an introduction to social pharmacy, describing its scope as focusing on the role, provision, regulation and use of medicines in society from social, scientific and humanistic perspectives. It discusses key concepts like health, national health policy in India, and goals like the Millennium Development Goals, Sustainable Development Goals, and FIP Development Goals. The roles and objectives of India's public and private healthcare systems are also summarized.
The document discusses the concepts of community health and development, primary health care, and the role of community health nursing. It provides definitions and principles of primary health care and community health nursing according to global organizations. The key points are:
- Primary health care aims to provide basic health services universally and affordably through community participation.
- Community health nursing focuses on health promotion, prevention and rehabilitation by considering various social, economic and environmental factors that influence health.
- The principles of primary health care and strategies of community health nursing emphasize accessibility, community involvement, self-reliance and addressing health's relationship with development.
The document discusses the concepts of community health and development, primary health care, and the role of community health nursing. It provides definitions and principles of primary health care and community health nursing according to global organizations. The three key points are: 1) Primary health care aims to provide basic health services universally and affordably through community participation and self-reliance. 2) Community health nursing focuses on health promotion, prevention and rehabilitation through collaboration with communities and populations. 3) Community health and development are influenced by social, economic, political and environmental factors and require multisectoral collaboration.
The document provides an overview of health policy and the health system in India. It discusses the history of public health in India from traditional Ayurvedic approaches to modern Western influences. The health system is described as having a complex mix of public and private sectors. Key aspects covered include the administrative structure from central to local levels, service delivery network from sub-centers to hospitals, and health financing relying heavily on out-of-pocket payments. While India produces many medical professionals and medicines, health indicators remain poor and inequitable across socioeconomic groups.
1. HEALTH CARE DELIVERY SYSTEM IN INDIA
Introduction
Health is the birth right of every individual. Today health is considered more than a
basic human right; it has become a matter of public concern, national priority and political
action. Our health system has traditionally been a disease-oriented system but the current
trend is to emphasize health and its promotion.
Definition
Health:
WHO: defined health as “a state of complete physical, mental, social and spiritual well being
not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.”
WEBSTER: defined health as “ a quality of life resulting from total functioning of the
individual that empower him to achieve personally satisfying and socially useful life.”
H.S HAYMAN: defined health as “ a state of feeling sound in body, mind, and spirit with
sense of reserve power.”
Health care services:
It is defined as multitude of services rendered to individuals, families or communities
by the agents of the health services or professions for the purpose of promoting, maintaining,
monitoring or restoring health.
Definitions of health care delivery:
Health care delivery system refers to the totality of resources that a population or
society distributes in the organization and delivery of health population services. It
also includes all personal and public services performed by individuals or institutions
for the purpose of maintaining or restoring health. -Stanhope(2001)
It implies the organization, delivery of staffing regulation and quality control.
Philosophy of Health Care Delivery System:
Everyone from birth to death is part of the market potential for health care services.
The consumer of health care services is a client and not a customer.
Consumers are less informed about health services than anything else they purchase.
Health care system is unique because it is not a competitive market
Restricted entry in to the health care system.
2. Goals/Objectives of Health Care Delivery System:
1) To improve the health status of population and the clinical outcomes of care.
2) To improve the experience of care of patients families and communities.
3) To reduce the total economic burden of care and illness.
4) To improve social justice equity in the health status of the population.
Principles of Health Care Delivery System:
1. Supports a coordinated, cohesive health-care delivery system.
2. Opposes the concept that fee-for-practice.
3. Supports the concept of prepaid group practice
4. Supports the establishment of community based, community controlled health-care system.
5. Urges an emphasis be placed on development of primary care
6. Emphasizes on quality assurance of the care
7. Supports health care as basic human right for all people.
8. Opposes the accrual of profits by health-care-related industries.
Functions of Health Care Delivery System:
1) To provide health services.
2) To raise and pool the resources accessible to pay for health care.
3) To generate human and physical sources that makes the delivery service possible.
4) To set and enforce rules of the game and provide strategic direction for all the different
players involved.
Characters of Health Care Delivery System
1) Orientation towards health.
2) Population perspectives.
3) Intensive use of information.
4) Focus on consumer.
5) Knowledge of treatment outcome.
6) Constrained resources
3. HEALTH CARE DELIVERY SYSTEM IN INDIA
In India it is represented by five major sectors or agencies which differ from each other
by health technology applied and by the source of fund available. These are:
I. PUBLIC HEALTH SECTOR
A. Primary Health Care
Primary Health Centres, Sub- Centres.
B. Hospital/Health Centres
Community Health Centres, Rural Health Centres, District Hospitals/ District Health
Centre, Specialist Hospitals, Teaching Hospitals.
C. Health Insurance Schemes
Employees State Insurance
Central Government Health Scheme
D. Other Agencies
Defence services, Railways.
II. PRIVATE SECTOR
A. Private Hospitals, Polyclinics, Nursing Homes and Dispensaries.
B. General Practitioners and Clinics.
III. INDIGENOUS SYSTEMS OF MEDICINE
Ayurveda
Sidda
Unani
Homeopathy
Naturopathy
Yoga
Unregistered practioners
IV. VOLUNTARY HEALTH AGENCIES
V. NATIONAL HEALTH PROGRAMMES
4. India is a union of 31 states and 7 Union territories. Under the constitution states are
largely independent in matters relating to the delivery of health care to the people. Each State,
therefore, as developed its own system of health care delivery, independent of the Central
Government.
Health system in India has 3 links
1. Central level. 2. State level 3. District level
Synoptic view of the health system in India
Community Health
Centres
PHCs
Village Health Guide,
ASHAs, Trained Dais,
Anganwadi Workers
People/ Community/
Society/ Villages
National level
State and Union Territories
District Health Organization and Basic Specialities Hospitals
Sub- District / Taluk Hospital
Sub – Centres
5. Health administration at the central level
The official organs of the health system at the national level consist of 3 units:
1. Union Ministry of Health and Family Welfare.
2. The Directorate General of Health Services.
3. The Central Council of Health and Family Welfare.
I. Union Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Organisation
The Union Ministry of Health and Family Welfare is headed by a Cabinet Minister, a
Minister of State, and a Deputy Health Minister. These are political appointment and have
dual role to serve political as well as administrative responsibilities for health. Currently the
union health ministry has the following departments:
1. Department of Health
2. Department of Family Welfare
3. Department of Indian System of Medicine and Homoeopathy
a. Department of Health
It is headed by a secretary to the Government of India as its executive head, assisted by
joint secretaries, deputy secretaries, and a large administrative staff.
Functions
This includes the Union list and the Concurrent list. (Article 246 of the Constitution of India)
Union list
1. International health relations and administration of port-quarantine
2. Administration of central health institutes such as All India Institute of Hygiene and Public
Health, Kolkata; National Institute for Control of Communicable Diseases, Delhi, etc.
3. Promotion of research through research centres and other bodies.
4. Regulation and development of medical, nursing and other allied health professions.
5. Establishment and maintenance of drug standards.
6. Census, and collection and publication of other statistical data.
6. 7. Immigration and emigration.
8. Regulation of labour in the working of mines and oil fields.
Concurrent list
The functions listed under the concurrent list are the responsibility of both the union
and state governments. The centre and states have simultaneous powers of legislation. They
are as follows:
1. Prevention of extension of communicable diseases from one unit to another.
2. Prevention of adulteration of food stuffs.
3. Control of drugs and poisons.
4. Vital statistics.
5. Labour welfare.
6. Ports other than major.
7. Economic and social health planning
8. Population control and family planning.
Department of Family Welfare
It was created in 1966 within the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. The secretary
to the Government of India in the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare is in overall charge
of the Department of Family Welfare. He is assisted by an additional secretary and
commissioner, and one joint secretary.
The following divisions are functioning in the department of family welfare.
1. Programme appraisal and special scheme
2. Technical operations: looks after all components of the technical programme viz.
Sterilization/IUD/Nirodh, post partum, maternal and child health, UPI, etc.
3. Maternal and child health
4. Evaluation and intelligence: helps in planning, monitoring and evaluating the programme
performance and coordinates demographic research.
5. Nirodh marketing supply/ distribution.
7. Functions
a. To organize family welfare programme through family welfare centres.
b. To create an atmosphere of social acceptance of the programme and to support all
voluntary organizations interested in the programme.
c. To educate every individual to develop a conviction that a small family size is valuable
and to popularize appropriate and acceptable method of family planning
d. To disseminate the knowledge on the practice of family planning as widely as possible
and to provide service agencies nearest to the community
8. ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE OF THE HEALTH AND SERVICES
AT CENTRAL LEVEL
ADNL. DIR. A.V ADNL. DIR. (P) ADNL. DIR. (PH) ADNL. DIR. (M)
DDA(C&B) DD (CBHI) DDG(P) DDG(M)
DDA(G) DDG(RH) ADG(M)
ADMIN SECTION DDG(PH) DG(NCD)
ADMN.STAFF DDA(CGHS)
ADG(ME)
DDA(C&B)
NSG ADV
DY.DIR(LIB)
ADG(OPTH)
DIR(CGHS)
ADG(CGHS)
DDA(CGHS)
CHIEFARCHT
DDG(STORES)
MINISTRY OF HEALTH AND
FAMILY WELFARE
CENTRAL COUNCIL OF HEALTH
CABINET MINISTERS
POLICY MAKING AND
LEGISLATION
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH DEPARTMENT OF FAMILY
WELFARE
SECRETARYTO GOVERNMENT
DIRECTOR GENERAL OF HEALTH SERVICE
9. DIRECTOR A.V - Director Audio-Visual Aids.
DDG (P) - Deputy director general planning.
ADNL.DIR. (PH) - Additional Director Public Health.
ADNL.DIR. (M) - Additional Director Medicine.
DDA (C&B) - Deputy director in administration communication and
Broad casting.
DDA (G) - Deputy Director in Administration General.
ADMIN - Administration.
DIR (CBHI) - Director of Central Bureau of Health Institute.
DDG (RH) - Deputy Director General Rural Health.
DDG (PH) - Deputy Director General Public Health.
DDG (M) - Deputy Director General Medicine.
ADG (M) - Additional Deputy General Medicine.
DG (NCD) - Director General National Communicable Diseases.
DDA (CGHS) - Deputy Director of Administrative Central
Government Health Service.
ADG (ME) - Additional Director General Medical Education.
NSG ADV - Nursing Advisor.
DY.DIR (LIB) - Deputy Director in Library Science.
ADG (OPTH) - Additional Director General Opthalmology.
CHIEF ARCHT - Chief Architect.
10. UNION MINISTRY OF HEALTH AND FAMILY WELFARE
CABINET MINISTER
HEADED BY MINISTER OF STATE
DEPUTY HEALTH MINISTER
UNIONMINISTRYOF HEALTH AND FAMILYWELFARE
DEPARTEMENT OF HEALTH DEPARTEMENT OF FAMILY
WELFARE
SECRETARY TO GOVT. OF INDIA
( EXECUTIVE HEAD)
SECRETARY TO GOVT. OF INDIA
(MINISTRY OF HEALTH AND FAMILY
WELFARE)
JOINT SECRETARIES
ADDITIONAL SECRETARY AND
COMMISSIONER (FAMILY WELFARE)
DEPUTY SECRETARIES
JOINT SECRETARY - 1
LARGE ADMINISTRATIVE
STAFF
DEPUTY SECRETARIES
LARGE ADMINISTRATIVE
STAFF
DEPARTMENT OF ISM& H
SECRETARY TO GOVT. OF
INDIA
JOINT SECRETARIES
DEPUTY SECRETARIES
LARGE
ADMINISTRATIVE
STAFF
11. 3. The department of Indian system of medicine and homeopathy
It was established in March 1995 and had continued to make steady progress.
Emphasis was on implementation of the various schemes introduced such as education,
standardization of drugs, enhancement of availability of raw materials, research and
development, information, education and communication and involvement of ISM and
Homeopathy in national health care.
Most of the functions of this ministry are implemented through an autonomous
organization called DGHS.
II. Directorate General of Health Services Organisation
The DGHS is the principal adviser to the Union Government in both medical and public
health matters. He is assisted by a team of deputies and a large administrative staff. The
Directorate comprises of three main units:
i. Medical care and hospitals
ii. Public health
iii. General administration
Functions
General functions:
1. The general functions are surveys, planning, coordination, programming and
appraisal of all health matters in the country.
Specific functions
1. International health relations and quarantine
All the major ports in the country and international airports are directly controlled by
Directorate General of Health Services. All matters relating to obtaining assistance
from International agencies and the coordination of their activities in the country are
undertaken by Directorate General of Health Services.
2. Control of drug standards
The Drugs Control Organization is a part of DGHS. Its primary function is to lay
down and enforce standards and control of the manufacture and distribution of drugs
through both Central and State Government Officers. It also has the powers to test the
quality of the imported drugs.
3. Medical store depot
12. The union government runs medical store depots at Mumbai, Chennai, and Kolkata
etc. These depots supply the civil medical requirements of the Central and State
Governments. The Medical Stores Organization endeavour to ensure the highest
quality, cheaper bargain and prompt supplies.
4. Post graduate training
The DGHS is responsible for the administration of the national institutes. Such as All
India Institute of Hygiene and Public Health at Kolkata, National Institute of Mental
Health Science at Bangalore etc.
5. Medical education
The DGHS is directly in charge of the following medical colleges in India; the Lady
Hardinge, the Maulana Azad and the medical colleges at Pondicherry and Goa and
many medical colleges in country are guided and supported by the centre.
6. Medical research
The council plays a significant role in aiding, promoting and coordinating scientific
research on human diseases, their causation, prevention and cure. The research work
is done through the councils several permanent research institutes, research units,
field surveys etc. It maintains Cancer Research Centre, Tuberculosis Chemotherapy
Centre at Chennai.
7. Central government health scheme
8. National health programmes
The various health programmes for the eradication of the malaria and for the control
of tuberculosis, filaria, leprosy, AIDS and other communicable diseases are going on.
The DGHS plays a very important role in planning, guiding and coordinating all the
national health programmes in the country.
9. Central health education bureau
An outstanding activity of bureau is the preparation of education material for creating
health awareness among the people.
10. Health statistics
The DGHS is responsible for maintenance of statistics regarding health.
11. National medical library
The central medical library of DGHS was started in 1966, to help in advancement of
medical health and related sciences by collection, dissemination, and exchange of
information.
13. DIRECTORATE GENERAL OF HEALTH SERVICES (DGHS)
Organization:
PRINCIPALADVISER TO UNION GOVERNMENT
DIRECTORATE GENERAL OF HEALTH SERVICES
DIRECTOR GENERAL OF HEALTH SERVICES
ADDITIONAL DIRECTOR GENERAL OF HEALTH SERVICE
TEAM OF DEPUTIES
LARGE ADMINISTRATIVE STAFFS
MEDICAL AND PUBLIC
HEALTH MATTERS
14. III. Central Council of Health
The Central Council of Health was set up by a Presidential Order on August 9, 1952,
under Article 263 of the Constitution of India for promoting coordinated and concerted action
between the centre and the states in the implementation of all the programmes and measures
pertaining to the health of the nation. The Union Health Minister is the chairman and the state
health ministers are the members.
Functions
1. To consider and recommend broad outlines of policy in regard to matters concerning
health in all its aspects such as the provision of remedial and preventive care,
environmental hygiene, nutrition, health education and the promotion of facilities for
training and research.
2. To make proposals for legislation in fields of activity related to medical and public health
matters and to lay down the pattern of development for the country as a whole.
3. To make recommendations to the Central Government regarding distribution of available
grants-in-aid for health purposes to the states and to review periodically the work
accomplished in different areas through the utilisation of these grants-in-aid.
4. To establish any organisation or organisations invested with appropriate functions for
promoting and maintaining cooperation between the Central and State Health
administrations.
15. AT THE STATE LEVEL
Historically, the first milestone in the state health administration was the year 1919,
when the states (provinces) obtained autonomy, under the Montague-Chelmsford reforms,
from the central Government in matters of public health. By 1921-22, all the states had
created some form of public health organisation. The Government of India Act, 1935 gave
further autonomy to the states. The state is the ultimate authority responsible for health
services operating within its jurisdiction.
State health administration
At present there are 31 states in India, with each state having its own health
administration. In all the states, the management sector comprises the state ministry of Health
and a Directorate of Health.
1. State Ministry of Health
The State Ministry of Health is headed by a Minister of Health and FW and a Deputy
Minister of Health and FW. In some states, the Health Minister is also in charge of other
portfolios. The Health secretariat is the official organ of the State Ministry of Health and is
headed by a Secretary who is assisted by Deputy Secretaries, and a large administrative staff.
The major functions which are performed by the secretariat which includes the following
Formulation, review, and modification of policy outlines.
Execution of policies programmes etc.
Coordination with government of India and other state governments.
Control of smooth and efficient functioning of administrative machinery.
16. ORGANIZATION PATTERN AT STATE LEVEL
M.of H&FW M. of M.E
H. SECRETARY M.E SECRETARY
STATE HEALTH COUNCIL
H.COMMISSIONER STATE POLICY MAKING
LEGISLATION&RECORDING
DSIH&FW DH&FWS D ofH.S
(CMD)
AUTO INS. DME RGUHS
AD RCH AD CMD AD AIDS AD PHC
LOGISTIC
OFFICER
JD FW RCH
R
R
JD
CMD
JD
HET
JD
TB
JD
H&P
JD
LEP
JD
M
DD
TB
DD
H&P
DD
LEP
HFW
TC(5)
DTC(24) DD FW
LHV
TC(4)
TC
ANM
TC(24)
ADNS(2)
MC(5)
TH(14)
DC(1)
Nsg.C(4)
Nsg.S(11)
PMB(1)
JD
LAB
DD
M
DD
PHA
17. M .of H&FW - Ministry of Health and Family Welfare.
M.E - Medical Education.
DSIH - Director of State Institute of Health.
DH&FWS - Director of Health and Family Welfare Service.
DHS (CMD) - Director Health System Communicable Diseases.
HFW TC - Health and Family Welfare Training Centres.
DTC - District Training Centres.
AD - Additional Director.
JD - Joint Director.
RCH - Reproductive and Child Health.
CMD - Communicable Diseases.
AIDS - Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome.
PHC - Primary Health Centre.
HET - Health Education Training.
AUTO INS - Autonomous Institutions.
RGUHS - Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences.
MC - Medical Colleges.
TH - Teaching Hospitals.
DC - Dental Colleges.
PMB - Para Medical Board.
ADNS - Additional Director of Nursing Services.
LHV - Lady Health Visitor.
18. 2. State Health Directorate
The Director of Health Services is the chief technical adviser to the state Government on all
matters relating to medicine and public health. He is also responsible for the organization and
direction of all health activities. The Director of Health and Family Welfare is assisted by a suitable
number of deputies and assistants. The Deputy and Assistant Directors of Health may be of two
types –
Regional
Functional.
The regional directors inspect all the branches of public health within their
jurisdiction, irrespective of their specialty. The functional directors are usually specialists in a
particular branch of public health such as mother and child health, family planning, nutrition,
tuberculosis, leprosy, health education, etc.
Responsibilities
1. It studies in depth the health problems and needs in the state and plans schemes to solve
them.
2. Provide curative and preventive services.
3. Provision for control of milk and food sanitation.
4. Assumes total responsibility for taking steps in prevention of outbreak of communicable
diseases.
5. Establishment and maintenance of central laboratories for preparation of vaccines.
6. Promotion of health education.
7. Promotion of health programmes such as family planning and school health.
8. Recruitment of personnel for rural health services.
9. Planning and carrying out surveys in relation to nutrition, health education etc.
10. Collection, tabulation and publication of vital statistics.
11. Establishing training courses for health personnel and formulating job descriptions.
Eg; for health worker, sanitary inspector.
12. Coordination of all health services with other ministeries of state such as minister of
education, agriculture with the central health ministry and voluntary agencies.
19. AT THE DISTRICT LEVEL
The district is the most crucial level in the administration and implementation of
medical /health services. At the district level there is a district medical and health officer or
CMO who is overall Subdivisions
i. Tehsils (talukas)
ii. Community development blocks
iii. Municipalities and corporations
iv. Villages
v. Panchayaths
Most of the districts in India are divided into two or more subdivisions, each in
charge of an assistant collector or sub-collector. Each division is again divided into tehsils in
charge of a Tehsildar. A tehsil usually comprises between 200 and 600 villages. Finally, there
are the village panchayaths, which are institutions of rural local self-government. The urban
areas of the district are organised into the following local self-government:
o Town area committee – 5,000 – 10,000
o Municipal boards – 10,000 – 2,00,000
o Corporations – population above 2,00,000.
The town area committees are like panchayaths. They provide sanitary services.
The municipal boards are headed by a chairman/president, elected usually by the members.
Corporations are headed by mayors. The councilors are elected from different wards of the city.
The executive agency includes the commissioner, the secretary, the engineer, and the health officer.
The activities are similar to those of the municipalities but on a much wider scale.
20. HEALTH ORGANIZATION AT DISRICT LEVEL
HEALTH MINSTER
HEALTH SECRETARY
DIRECTOR OF H&FW
DISTRICT COMMISSIONER
DFWO
DISTRICT H.O
DISTRICT M.SDISTRICT H.O
DNO
NO
PHN
SENIOR HA M&F
JUNIOR HA M&F
TD/CHV/AWW
DLO DMO
NSG SUPNT
WARD SISTER
STAFF NURSES
ANM
DTO
21. DHO - District Health Officer.
DMS - District Medical Superintendent.
DFWO - District Family Welfare Officer.
DLO - District Leprosy Officer.
DMO - District Medical Officer.
DTO - District Tuberculosis Officer.
DNO - District Nursing Officer.
PHN - District Public Health Nurse.
HA M&F - Health Assistant Male and Female.
TD - Trained Dias.
CHV - Community Health Visitor.
AWW - Anganwadi Workers.
ASHA - Accredited Social Health Activitist.
ANM - Auxillary Nurse Midwives.
NSG SUPNT - Nursing Superintendent.
22. PANCHAYATHI RAJ
The panchayath Raj is a 3-tier structure of rural local self-government in India
linking the villages to the district. The three institutions are:
a. Panchayath – at the village level.
b. Panchayath samithi – at the block level.
c. Zilla parishad – at the district level.
The panchayathi Raj institutions are accepted as agencies of public welfare. All
development programmes are channelled through these bodies. The panchayathi Raj institutions
strengthen democracy at its root and ensure more effective and better participation of the people in
the government.
At the village level
The panchayathi Raj at the village level consists of:
1. The gram sabha
2. The gram panchayath
3. The nyaya panchayath
Gram sabha: It is the assembly of all the adults of the village,which meets atleast twice a
year. It considers proposals for taxation, discusses the annual programme and elects members
of the gram panchayat.
Gram panchayat: it is an executive organ of the gram sabha, and an agency for planning and
development at the village level. Its strength varies from 15 to 30 and covers 5000 and 15,000
population and more. Members of panchayat hold office for a period of 3 to 4 years.every
panchayat has an elected president(sarpanch), a vice president, and a panchayat secretary.
The power of panchayat secretary cover the entire field of civic administration, including
sanitation and public health and social and economic development of village.
Nyaya panchayat: it consists of 5 members from the panchayat. Its functions includesolving
of disputes between two groups, two parties etc.
23. At the block level
The panchayathi raj agency at the block level is the panchayath samithi. The
panchayathi samithi consists of all sarpanchs of the village panchayaths in the block. The block
development officer is the ex-officio secretary of the panchayath samithi.
The prime function of the panchayat samiti is the execution of the community development
programme in the block.
The block development officer and his staff give technical assistance and guidance to the
village panchayaths engaged in the development work.
At the district level
The zilla parishad is the agency of rural local self-government at the district level. The
members of the zilla parishad include all leaders of the panchayath samithis in the district, MPs,
MLAs of the district, representatives of SC, SD and women, and 2 persons of experience in
administration. The collector of the district is a non-voting member. Thus, the membership of the
zilla parishad is fairly large varying from 40 to 70.
The zilla parishad is primarily supervisory and coordinating body. Its functions and
powers vary from state to state. In some states, the zilla parishads are vested with the administrative
functions.
24. Healthcare systems
The healthcare system is intended to deliver the healthcare services. It constitutes the
management sector and involves the organisational matters. It operates in the context of the
socioeconomic and political framework of the country. In India, it is represented by five
major sectors and agencies which differ from each other by the health technology applied and
by the source of funds for the operation.
i. Public health sector
ii. Private sectors
iii. Indigenous system of medicine
iv. Voluntary health agencies
v. National health programmes
Primary healthcare in India
It is a three-tier system of healthcare delivery in rural areas based on the
recommendations of the Shrivastav Committee in 1975.
1. Village level: The following schemes are operational at the village level:
a. Village health guides scheme
b. Training of local dais
c. ICDS scheme
2. Sub-centre level:
This is the peripheral outpost of the existing health delivery system in rural areas.
They are being established on the basis of one sub-centre for every 5000 population in
general and one for every 3000 population in hilly tribal and backward areas. Each sub-
centre is manned by one male and one female multipurpose health worker.
Functions
a. Mother and child healthcare
b. Family planning
c. Immunization
d. IUD insertion
e. Simple laboratory investigations
25. 3. Primary health centre level:
The Bhore committee in 1946 gave the concept of a primary health centre as a basic
health unit to provide as close to the people as possible. The Bhore committee aimed at
having a health centre to serve a population of 10,000 to 20,000. The national health plan,
1983 proposed reorganization of primary health centres on the basis of one PHC for every
30,000 rural population in the plains, and one PHC for every 20,000 population in hilly, tribal
and backward areas for more effective coverage.
Functions of the PHC
a. Medical care.
b. MCH including family planning.
c. Safe water supply and basic sanitation.
d. Prevention and control of locally endemic diseases.
e. Collection and reporting of vital statistics.
f. Education about health.
g. National health programmes as relevant.
h. Referral services.
i. Training of health guides, health workers, local dais, and health assistants.
j. Basic laboratory services.
STAFFING PATTERN:
Population in hilly tribal areas : 20,000
Population in rural areas(plain): 30,000
MAIN PHC
Medical officers - 2 Pharmacist – 1
Block extension educator – 1 Lab technichian – 1
Community health nurse – 1 Opthalmic assistant – 1
Staff nurse -3 Siddha pharmacist -1
Jr. Health assistant - 6 Group D workers – 4
26. ADDITIONAL PHC
Medical officer - 1
Staff nurse -3
Community health nurse/LHV - 1
Male health assistant -1
Auxillary nurse mid-wife – 6
Jr. Health assistant -3
Pharmacist - 1
SDA/ Computer operator - 1
Driver - 1
Group D worker - 4
27. ORGANIZATION CHART OF PRIMARY HEALTH CENTER
MINISTER OF HEALTH AND FAMILY WELFARE
DIRECTOR OF HEALTH AND FAMILY WELFARE SERVICES
ZILLA PARISHAD
DISTRICT HEALTH OFFICER
TALUK HEALTH OFFICER
MEDICAL OFFICER FOR HEALTH LADY MEDICAL OFFICER
Sr. HAM Sr. HAF BHEO
Jr. HAM Jr. HAf
LAB
TECHNICIAN
(1)
REFRACTION
IST(1)
PHARMACIST
(1)
FDA
(1)
SDA (1)
DRIVER(1)
GROUP D
OFFICIALS(4)
28. Sr. HAM : Senior Health Assistant Male
Sr. HAF : Senior Health Assistant Female
BHEO : Block Extension Officer
FDA : First Division Assistant
SDA : Second Division Assistant
RESPONSIBILITIES OF MALE HEALTH ASSISTANT
1. Conduct survey of the sub centre area and maintain records of all families.
2. Maintain information of all vital events.
3. Participate in malaria control programme.
4. Participate in leprosy control programme.
5. Participate in family planning services by keeping list of eligible couples, provide
information on the family planning method and follow up of family planning
acceptors.
6. Identifying and reporting of all communicable diseases.
7. Co ordinate the activities with health workers and the block staff.
8. Maintaining records.
RESPONSIBILITIES OF FEMALE HEALTH ASSISTANT
1. Registration and care of prenatal, intranatal, and postnatal mothers and children at
home.
2. Registration and follow up of all eligible couples.
3. Conduct and supervise deliveries conducted by dais.
4. Immunize pregnant mother and children.
5. Refer mother and children at the time of need to hospitals and follow up them after
discharge.
6. Carry out family planning services including the distribution of contraceptives.
7. Treatment for minor ailments.
8. Prevent communicable diseases.
9. Maintenance of records and registrs of all the services provided and also of vital
events such as births and deaths.
29. SUB CENTRE
The Sub Centre is the peripheral outpost of the existing health care delivery system in rural
areas. They are being established on the basis of one Sub Centre for every 5000 population in
plains and one for every 3000 population in hilly, tribal and backward areas.
STAFFING PATTERN:
Population in hilly tribal areas - 3000.
Population in rural area (plains) - 5000.
M.P.H.W/ V.H.N - 1
M.P.H.W/ H.W(M) – 1
Village health guide – 1
Traditional health attendant – 1
VILLAGE LEVEL
1. Village health guides scheme.
2. Local dias.
3. Anganwadi worker.
4. ASHA workers.
The above schemes are in operation for universal coverage and equitable distribution of
health resources so that health care must penetrate into the farthest reaches of rural areas
1. VILLAGE HEALTH GUIDES.
They are from the same community and serve as a link between community and
governmental infrastructure. They undergo training in primary health centre, subcentre for
knowledge regarding primary health care. The national target is to achieve one health guide
for each village or 1000 rural population. Guidelines for selection include three months
training with stipend rupees 200 per month.
The guidelines include:
They should be permanent residents of the local community.
They should be able to read and write, minimum sixth standard education.
30. They should be acceptable to all sections of the community.
They should be able to spare at least two to three hours per day for community health
work.
2. LOCAL DAIS (TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANTS)
Under rural health scheme training is given for all local dais in the country to improve
their knowledge in the elementary concepts of maternal and child health and sterilization,
besides obstetric skills. Training is given for 30 days with stipend of rupees 300. Training
is given at PHC, sub centre, or MCH centre. During training each dai is required to
conduct at least two deliveries under guidance and supervision of health worker female,
ANM or health assistant female. They should practice asepsis. On successful completion
of training each dais is provided a delivery kit and a certificate. They should propagate
small family norm needs. The national target is to train one local dais in each village.
3. ANGANWADI WORKERS
Angan literally means a courtyard. Under integrated child developmental service, there is
an anganwadi worker for a population of 1000. The anganwadi worker is selected from
the community she is expected to serve. She under goes training in various aspects of
health, nutrition, and child development for four months. She must have passed SSLC.
OBJECTIVES:
To improve health status of under five children.
To reduce incidence of mortality, malnutrition, school drop outs.
To promote maternal education and training for child care and child rearing.
FUNCTIONS:
1. Non formal preschool education for 3 to 6 years age children.
2. Immunization.
3. Maintenance of growth chart.
4. Health and nutrition education of women and children.
5. Supplementary and therapeutic nutrition to under five, pregnant mothers, and lactating
mothers.
6. Growth monitoring and referral services.
31. BENEFICIARIES:
Nursing mothers
Pregnant women
Other women(15 to 45 years)
Children below the age of 6 years
Adolescent girls
4. ASHA WORKERS UNDER NRHM
National rural health mission aims to provide accessible, affordable, accountable,
effective, and reliable primary health care and bridging gap in rural health care
through Accredited social health activist (ASHA). ASHA must be the resident of the
village – a woman preferably in the age group of 25 to 45 years with formal education
up to eighth class, having communication skills and leadership qualities. The general
norm of selection will be one ASHA for 1000 population. In tribal, hilly and desert
areas the norm could be relaxed to one ASHA per habitation. Target is to select and
train at least 40 percentage of ASHA in one year.
Community health centres
As on 31st March 2003, 3076 community health centres were established by upgrading
the primary health centres, each CHC covering a population of 80,000 to 1.20 lakh with 30 beds
and specialist in surgery, medicine, obstetrics and gynecology, and pediatrics‘ with x-ray and
laboratory facilities.
Functions
1. Care of routine and emergency cases in surgery.
2. Care of routine and emergency cases in medicine.
3. 24-hour delivery services including normal and assisted deliveries.
4. Essential and emergency obstetric cases including surgical interventions.
5. Full range of family planning services including laparoscopic services.
6. Safe abortion services.
7. Newborn care.
32. 8. Routine and emergency care of sick children.
9. Other management including nasal packing, tracheostomy, foreign body removal, etc.
10. All national health programmes should be delivered.
11. Blood shortage facility.
12. Essential laboratory services
13. Referral services.
JOB DESCRIPTION OF NURSING PERSONNEL
PUBLIC HEALTH NURSE
Essential qualification
B.Sc degree in nursing from any university or institute or certificate in Public Health
Nursing from any recognised institution.
Professional qualification
Experience of working with rural communities.
Pay scales
The pay scale should be the same as prescribed by State Government for similar
categories of personnel under them.
Membership
The Public Health Nurse should be a member of the District Health and Family
Welfare Team in the District Health Organization and will enjoy the status equivalent to that
of the District Mass E ducation and the Information Officer.
Duties and functions
To help in the organization of Maternal and Child Health Programme as a whole.
To promote health and nutrition education activities through the Lady Health Visitors
and Auxillary Nurse Midwives by providing them with printed material produced by
various agencies.
To ensure that the LHVs/ANMs/Female Multipurpose Workers, etc. Integrated
MCH/FP and Health and Nutrition/Education in their day to day activities.
33. To help in developing school health programme in the district.
To ensure regular supply of equipments, records, registers, drugs, vaccines and other
sundries necessary for MCH work.
To ensure the maintenance of prescribed records and submission of periodical
progress of MCH/FP/Nutrition work activities.
To help the Statistical Officer in the District Family Welfare Bereau in compiling the
periodic progress report of MCH activities.
to provide continuing education for the female MCH/FO/functionaries in the district
through short in-service training sources.
To work together with the functionaries of other government departments like Social
Welfare, Rural Department and Education engaged in programmes for women and
children.
To co-operate MCH/FP activities undertaken through the voluntary organization in
the district and provide health inputs to the possible extent for mothers and children
organized in balwadis, anganwadis etc.
To tour for a minimum of 15 days in a month and visit PHCs, Sub-centres, village
dais, balwadi etc. According to an advance programme duly approved by the District
Medical Officer/ District Family Welfare Officer.
NURRSING SUPERINTENDENT GRADE I
Educational qualification
General: Pre- university course/ 10+2 or equivalent exam
Professional : 3 years General Nursing/9months/6months Midwifery/Psychiatric Nursing
Diploma/certificate, recognised by INC.
OR
Revised GNM/Psychiatric Nursing Diploma/certificate, recognised by INC.
OR
Basic B.Sc Nursing from recognosed university according to INC norms.
Registration : Registered with the Karnataka State Nursing Council/INC
34. Experience: Should have experience as NS grade II.
Standard norms
There should be one NS grade I for 200 bedded hospital, one NS grade I for 2-4 NS grade II.
Job summary
NS is responsible to the Medical Superintendent, in a hospital having 200 or above bed
strength. She is accountable for the safe and efficient running of the various nursing
department in the hospital. She is assisted in carrying out her duties by DNS/ANS, ward
supervisor and clerical, linen room and domestic staff.
General and office duties
Maintain necessary records concerning the nursing staff, student, confidential report
and health records etc.
Submit annual report of nursing service department of Medical Superintendent, INC
and Nurses Registration Council.
Participate in professional and community activities.
Maintain cordial relation with public and voluntary workers.
Nursing Services
Participate in the formulation of philosophy of the hospital in general and those
specific to nursing service.
Determines goals, aims, objectives and policies of the nursing services.
Implement hospital policies and rules through various nursing unit.
Decide and recommend personnel and material requirement in nursing service
department.
Interview and recruit nursing staff.
Assist in student selection and recruitment
Ensure safe and efficient nursing care.
Make regular visit in hospital and wards.
Take hospital rounds with Medical Superintendent.
Select and secure proper equipment needed for hospital.
Look after the welfare of patients, their relatives and nursing staff.
Prepare budget for nursing service department.
35. Function as a member of the condemnation for linen and other nursing home
equipment.
Prepares duty roster and plan staff leave.
Give guidance and counselling to the subordinate staff.
Maintain discipline among nurses and other auxiliary staff.
Enforces implementation of hospital rules, regulations and policies.
Participate in hospital and inter-hospital meeting.
Investigate complaints and take necessary action.
Evaluate confidential staff report and recommends for promotion
Plan staff development programme and arrange for in-service education.
Inspect hospital kitchen and dietary services of the hospital.
Arranges students clinical experiences.
Initiate and participate in nursing research.
NURRSING SUPERINTENDENT GRADE II
Educational qualification
General: Pre- university course/ 10+2 or equivalent exam
Professional : 3 years General Nursing/9months/6months Midwifery/Psychiatric Nursing
Diploma/certificate, recognised by INC.
OR
Revised GNM/Psychiatric Nursing Diploma/certificate, recognised by INC.
OR
Basic B.Sc Nursing from recognised university according to INC norms.
Registration : Registered with the Karnataka State Nursing Council/INC
Experience: Should have experience as senior staff nurse.
36. Standard Norms
Since it is the second level nursing supervisory role, it needs at least the Nursing
Superintendent group II for three senior staff nurse (1:3).
Job Summary
She/he is responsible for developing and supervising nursing service of a department or a
floor consisting of two or more wards or units managed by the senior staff nurses. These units
may be in-patient wards, out-patient department clinics, operatio theatres, obstetric unit,
CSSD etc. She/he is responsible to the NS Gr I.
Patient care and ward/ unit management
Organises and plan the nursing care activities of the department.
Plan staffing pattern and necessary requirement for his/her department.
Complies and submit nursing statistics to the concerned authorities.
Conduct and attend to the departmental and inter-departmental meeting.
Make regular rounds of her/his department.
Look in to general comfort of patients and their relatives.
Receive report from the Night Supervisors of his/her department.
Evaluate nature and quantum of care required in each unit.
Make rotation plan for nursing staff and domestic staff under his/her jurisdiction.
Plan ward management with each ward.
Reinforces the principles of good management in the ward.
Supervises the proper use and care of equipment.
Act as the public relation officer of the unit and deal with the problem faced by the
ward supervisor.
Officiate in the absence of NS Gr I.
Educational function
Arrange classes and clinical teaching of nursing students in the department related to
the speciality experiences
Implement the ward teaching programme and clinical experience of the students with
the help of doctors and nurses.
Does counselling and guidance of staff and the students.
37. Arrange and conduct staff development programmes.
Assist in planning for and participation in the training of auxiliary personnel.
General
Escorts NS Gr I, Medical Superintendent and special visitors for hospital rounds.
Acts as a Liaison officer between the nursing department and higher hospital
authoriyies.
Carried out any other duties delegated by the NS Gr I.
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1. Park K. Preventive and social medicine. Banasridas bhanot publications; 20TH ed.
2009, p 776-815
2. Basvanthappa. B.T, Nursing Administration (2007), Jaypee Brothers Medical
Publication. New Delhi. P 535-547.
3. Gulani. Community health nursing. Kumar medical publishers; 1ST ed. 2005. P591-
610.
4. Kasturi Sundar Rao. An introduction to community health nursing. Bi publications;
4TH ed.2004. P363-376.
5. Louis White. Foundation of skills and concepts. 1ST ed. P 72-76.
6. Jaiwanti P. TNAI. Nursing administration and management. Dhalta publications;