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Europe & Christianity
This document covers the history of Christianity in Europe from its origins to the Middle Ages. It discusses the establishment of the early Christian church and its organization. As Christianity spread across Europe, the church grew in power and influence over political leaders. This led to conflicts between the church and kings over issues like who had the authority to appoint bishops. The document also examines the reforms of the Catholic Church during this period and the beginnings of constitutional government.
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- 7. Why was Jesusput to death? What did the Romans do to the Jews? How was the church organized?
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- 28. disrupts trade and government Effects of Invasions and Warfare decline of learning concept of government changes church power increases Germans held together by family ties
- 30. Charlemagne protects Pope Pope crowns Charlemagne “Roman Emperor”
- 31. Germanic power heritage of Roman Empire Church
- 38. Mutual obligation betweenlord and serf under the manor system • • Why did serfs rarely leave their manor? • • Why did serfs accept their economic hardship? • •
- 40. DARK KNIGHT JEDIKNIGHT
- 41.
- 47. Pope bans layinvestiture King orders pope to resign Pope excommunicates king King goes to Italy to beg for forgiveness Pope forgives king, but problem is not solved What message does this story show?
- 48. The wedding couple If local priests can get married against the orders of the Pope, who is in charge of the Church?
- 49. Patterns How mightthe purpose of the design of gothic cathedrals in Christianity share a pattern with the Hajj in Islam?
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- 56. Europe & Christianity,part 4
- 57. Innovations in military technology can help countries win wars.
- 58. Countries seek newor improved weapons to give themselves an advantage in war.
- 59. Effects of modernweapons have been far different from the effects of medieval weapons.
- 64.
- 66. The feudalsystem declines as agriculture, trade, finance, towns, and universities develop. Climate warms New technology Horses plow 3x as much as oxen Three-field system
- 71. In 1215English nobles force King John to sign Magna Carta Limits king’s power and guarantees basic political rights English people argue the laws and rights are for all people, not just nobles
- 72. Pope asserts authority over France’s king, king has pope imprisoned; pope dies soon after Two popes chosen — one in Rome, one in France, each declares the other false, causing split called Great Schism
- 73. The MuslimConnection Christian scholars read translations of Greek works made by Muslims Crusaders return with Muslim knowledge of navigation, ships, weapons Written works not in Latin but in vernacular — everyday language
- 74. Englishman Wycliffe argues Jesus is head of the Church, not pope Hus teaches that Bible is final authority excommunicated, heretic, burned at stake
- 75. The Catholic Churchundergoes reform and launches Crusades against Muslims
- 76. Problems • SomeChurch officials marry even though the Church objects • Simony: selling religious offices • Kings use lay investiture to appoint bishops. Reformers believe only the Church should appoint bishops Reforms • Starting in 1100s, popes reorganize Church like a kingdom • Pope’s advisors make Church laws; diplomats travel • Church collects tithes; uses money to care for sick, poor, build church power
- 77. The reform ofthe Catholic church during this time explains Christianity today. The Crusades left a legacy of distrust between Christians and Muslims. The conflict between balancing the power of government and church continues today. The foundations for constitutional government began in this time.
- 79. Clergy: religious officials Canon law: Church rules • marriages and religious practices • Popes have power over political leaders through threat of excommunication: banishment from Church, denial of salvation • Kings expected to obey pope’s commands
Editor's Notes
- #9 In A.D. 66, a band of Jews rebelled against Rome. In A.D. 70, the Romans stormed Jerusalem and destroyed the Temple complex. All that remained was a western portion of the wall, which today is the holiest Jewish shrine. About a half million Jews were killed in the course of this rebellion. The Jews made another attempt to break free of the Romans in A.D. 132. Another half-million Jews died in three years of fighting. Although the Jewish religion survived, the Jewish political state ceased to exist for more than 1,800 years. Most Jews were driven from their homeland into exile. This dispersal of the Jews is called the Diaspora.
- #29 Fighting disrupts trade and government; people abandon cities The Decline of Learning As cities are abandoned, level of learning declines Knowledge of Greek language and culture is almost completely lost Loss of a Common Language Introduction of German language changes Latin; dialects develop The Germans held together by family ties and loyalty, not government Small communities are governed by unwritten rules and traditions Germanic warriors pledge loyalty to their chief Monasteries & Convents Church builds monasteries — where monks live to study and serve God Monks establish schools, preserve learning through libraries
- #37 The lord’s estate, a manor, has an economic system Serfs/peasants maintain the lord’s estate, give grain The lord provides housing, farmland, protection from bandits Manors include lord’s house, church, workshops, village Manors cover a few square miles of land, are largely self-sufficient (they don’t need trade).
- #44 http://youtu.be/I2u2UFsXrNg
- #62 http://youtu.be/UXaQKj5hr-0
- #68 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2XzFNLJIpUQ&safe=active