The document discusses religious changes in Europe during the Protestant Reformation. It notes that Martin Luther wrote 95 theses criticizing the Catholic Church for indulgences and clergy wealth and privileges. Luther's ideas led to the formation of Lutheranism. Lutheranism then spread rapidly through Germany with the support of German nobles seeking to take lands from the Catholic Church. The document also briefly discusses the formation and spread of Calvinism under John Calvin and Anglicanism after Henry VIII separated from the Catholic Church. It concludes by outlining aspects of the Counter-Reformation undertaken by the Catholic Church to respond to the Protestant Reformation.

1. The Religious Change
Some people were very critical of the Catholic Church. They believed that upper clergy,
like bishops and cardinals enjoyed a life of luxury. Another cause of scandal were the
indulgences , documents that Pope gave to pardon sins for money . In addition , many
ecclesiastic positions were bought by people who only wanted the privileges and finally
the clergy had little education and did not do their pastoral work correctly
Martin Luther wrote 95
Theses(tesis) in which he 1- People can only be saved by their faith and not by
strongly criticized the works
Pope. From Luther´s ideas 2-You can connect directly with God by prayer. You don´t
appeared Lutheranism. need any priest as a mediato
3-The interpretation of the bible is free
Lutheranism spread
rapidly through 4-Only two sacraments are true : Baptism and Eucharist
Germany. 5-The cult of Virgin and saints have to be prohibited
German nobles saw it
as a chance to take 6-pope doesn´t have any authority
lands away from the 7-Clergy has to live in poverty and without wealth
catholic Church

2. Lutheranism
• It spread rapidly through Germany
Calvinism
• It was founded by john Calvin.
• His doctrine was based on predestination, people are condemned
or saved before they are born
Anglicism
• King Henry VIII Tudor wanted to divorce his wife Catherine of
Aragon , the Pope didn´t grant him a divorce and he separated
from Catholic Church and named himself the head of the
Anglican Church

3. The COUNTER-REFORMATION(La
Contrarreforma)
1-The doctrine which had been written by the catholic church for centuries
was accepted t he true sense of sacraments ….
Seminars were created to get better priests
New means of propaganda were used to spread the catholic doctrine among society.
“La compañía de Jesús” founded by San Ignacio de Loyola in 1540 was one of them.