Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus surrounded by a nuclear membrane, contain organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts, and are generally larger than prokaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and most organelles, have only a single chromosome, and are generally unicellular. Key differences include eukaryotic cells having a nucleus with a nuclear membrane, multiple chromosomes, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts, and being generally larger and multicellular compared to prokaryotic cells which lack most organelles and a nucleus.

1. Difference between Eukaryotic cell and prokaryotic cell
Eukaryotic cell Prokaryotic cell
Nucleus Present Absent
Numbers of
chromosomes
More than one
(multiple)
One (but not true
chromosome)
Cell type Usually multicellular Usually unicellular
True membrane
bound nucleus
Present Absent
Genetic
recombination
Meiosis and fusion of gametes Partial, unidirectional
transfers DNA
Lysosomes and
peroxisomes
Present Absent
Microtubules Present Absent or rare
Endoplasmic
reticulum
Present Absent
Mitochondria Present Absent
Cytoskeleton Present May be absent
Ribosomes Larger (80s) Smaller(70s)
Vesicles Present Present
Golgi apparatus Present Absent
Chloroplast Present in plants Absent;chlorophyll
scattered in th cytoplasm
Flagella Microscopic in size;
membrane bound
Submicroscopic in size;
composed of only 1fibre
Permeability of
nuclear
membrane
Selective Not present
Plasma
membrane with
steroid
Yes Usually no
Cell wall Only in plant cells and fungi Usually chemically
complexed
Vacuoles Present Present
Cell size 10-100um 1-10um
Example Animals and plants bacteria