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Eukaryotes
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- 2. A eukaryote isan organism with complex cells, or a single cell with a complex structures and have a nucleus enclosed within a nuclear envelope.
- 3. STRUCTURE • Eukaryotic cellsare much larger in size when compared with prokaryotic cells. • Eukaryotic cells are formed of a number of membrane-bound organelles.
- 4. CELL WALL • Cellwalls provide support and help cells resist mechanical pressures. • Cell walls are not selective devices, as plasma membranes are. • The cell wall is present in some protists, fungal and plant cells.
- 5. CELL MEMBRANE • Thecell membrane in eukaryotic cells is present inside the cell wall. • The plasma membrane is made up of phospholipid bilayer with integral proteins embedded between the two layers.
- 6. CYTOPLASM • The cytoplasmis a fluid-filled space that accommodates all internal cell organelles and other molecules. • The cytoplasm consists of a jelly-like cytosol.
- 7. NUCLEUS • The nucleusis surrounded by a nuclear membrane. • Inside the nucleus, the DNA molecules are arranged in chromosomes which are linear and more organized.
- 8. ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM • SomeER is studded with ribosomes. This type of ER is called rough ER and is the site of protein synthesis. • Another, where are no ribosomes are called smooth ER and is responsible for producing lipids.
- 9. MITOCHONDRIA &PLASTIDS • Mitochondriahas a double membrane and consists of cristae and matrix. • Plastid is a double membrane structure that contains chlorophyll and provide color to the cell. • Both have an extrachromosomal DNA that regulates the functions of the organelles.
- 10. FLAGELLA & CILIA •Flagella and cilia are involved in movement, feeding, and sensation of these cells. • These structures are mainly composed of tubulin proteins supported by microfilaments and microtubules.
- 11. REPRODUCTION Some eukaryotic cellscan divide only by asexual means while other eukaryotic cells divide both sexually as well as asexually. • ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION:-
- 12. Sexual reproduction • Inthis method, the cell divided meiotically to form four daughter cells, each with half the number of chromosomes to their parent cell.
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