Eubacteria_and_Archaebacteria.ppt
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This document discusses different types of bacteria. It describes archaebacteria and eubacteria as the two main groups of bacteria. Archaebacteria emerged over 3.5 billion years ago and live in extreme environments like heat and acid. They differ from eubacteria in their cell structures and ribosomal RNA. Eubacteria are more commonly known as bacteria and usually live in neutral environments like the human body. While some eubacteria can cause illnesses, others play beneficial roles like aiding digestion and breaking down waste.
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The document provides information about taxonomy and the classification of organisms into domains and kingdoms. It defines key terms like prokaryote, eukaryote, heterotroph, autotroph, unicellular, and multicellular. It describes the six kingdoms - Archaea, Bacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia - and provides examples and characteristics of organisms from each kingdom. The document also discusses how classification is an evolving field as new discoveries are made.
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This document discusses the classification of organisms from Aristotle's early attempts through the current five kingdom system. It provides details on each kingdom, including:
- Aristotle initially classified organisms based on their blood and plant/animal distinctions.
- Linnaeus established the two kingdom system dividing organisms into plants and animals.
- Whittaker's five kingdom system divided organisms into Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia based on several characteristics.
- The document focuses on bacteria in the Monera kingdom, outlining their structure, diversity of forms, modes of nutrition, and impact on human activities.
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1. Protozoa are unicellular eukaryotes that are found in both aquatic and terrestrial environments. They display a wide diversity of shapes and methods of nutrition, locomotion, and reproduction.
2. The earliest protozoa evolved over 1.5 billion years ago from ancient archaea. They are divided into multiple phyla based on features like nucleus type and locomotion.
3. Important protozoan groups include the SAR supergroup, apicomplexans, ciliates, and dinoflagellates. Many protozoa are free-living but some are parasitic and can cause serious diseases in humans and other
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The document discusses the kingdoms used in biological classification systems. It describes:
1) The five kingdom system proposed by Whittaker which divides organisms into the kingdoms Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia based on characteristics like cell structure, nutrition, and phylogeny.
2) The key characteristics of each kingdom, including that Monera contains prokaryotic bacteria and archaea, Protista contains unicellular eukaryotes, Fungi are heterotrophic and absorb nutrients, Plantae are autotrophic and contain chloroplasts, and Animalia are heterotrophic and motile.
3) Previous classification systems like Aristotle's which
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This document discusses the classification of organisms from Aristotle's early attempts to the five kingdom system proposed by Whittaker. It provides details on each kingdom:
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- The five kingdom system separates organisms into Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia based on cell structure, nutrition, and phylogeny. It overcomes limitations of the two kingdom system.
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This document summarizes the key differences between the old 5 kingdom and new 3 domain systems of classification for living organisms. It explains that the new system reflects a greater understanding of evolution and molecular evidence, and places all organisms into the three domains of Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya. Within these domains, prokaryotes are divided into Bacteria and Archaea, while eukaryotes include protists, plants, fungi and animals. The document then provides details on bacterial structure, diversity, metabolism, genetic variation, roles as pathogens and benefits to other organisms.
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Thematic analysis in qualitative research is a time-consuming and systematic task, typically done using teams. Team members must ground their activities on common understandings of the major concepts underlying the thematic analysis, and define criteria for its development. However, conceptual misunderstandings, equivocations, and lack of adherence to criteria are challenges to the quality and speed of this process. Given the distributed and uncertain nature of this process, we wondered if the tasks in thematic analysis could be supported by readily available artificial intelligence chatbots. Our early efforts point to potential benefits: not just saving time in the coding process but better adherence to criteria and grounding, by increasing triangulation between humans and artificial intelligence. This tutorial will provide a description and demonstration of the process we followed, as two academic researchers, to develop a custom ChatGPT to assist with qualitative coding in the thematic data analysis process of immersive learning accounts in a survey of the academic literature: QUAL-E Immersive Learning Thematic Analysis Helper. In the hands-on time, participants will try out QUAL-E and develop their ideas for their own qualitative coding ChatGPT. Participants that have the paid ChatGPT Plus subscription can create a draft of their assistants. The organizers will provide course materials and slide deck that participants will be able to utilize to continue development of their custom GPT. The paid subscription to ChatGPT Plus is not required to participate in this workshop, just for trying out personal GPTs during it.
Randomised Optimisation Algorithms in DAPHNE
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Randomised Optimisation Algorithms in DAPHNE .
Austrian-Slovenian HPC Meeting 2024 – ASHPC24, Seeblickhotel Grundlsee in Austria, 10–13 June 2024
https://ashpc.eu/
Micronuclei test.M.sc.zoology.fisheries.
Current Ms word generated power point presentation covers major details about the micronuclei test. It's significance and assays to conduct it. It is used to detect the micronuclei formation inside the cells of nearly every multicellular organism. It's formation takes place during chromosomal sepration at metaphase.
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
With increasing population, people need to rely on packaged food stuffs. Packaging of food materials requires the preservation of food. There are various methods for the treatment of food to preserve them and irradiation treatment of food is one of them. It is the most common and the most harmless method for the food preservation as it does not alter the necessary micronutrients of food materials. Although irradiated food doesn’t cause any harm to the human health but still the quality assessment of food is required to provide consumers with necessary information about the food. ESR spectroscopy is the most sophisticated way to investigate the quality of the food and the free radicals induced during the processing of the food. ESR spin trapping technique is useful for the detection of highly unstable radicals in the food. The antioxidant capability of liquid food and beverages in mainly performed by spin trapping technique.
The cost of acquiring information by natural selection
This is a short talk that I gave at the Banff International Research Station workshop on Modeling and Theory in Population Biology. The idea is to try to understand how the burden of natural selection relates to the amount of information that selection puts into the genome.
It's based on the first part of this research paper:
The cost of information acquisition by natural selection
Ryan Seamus McGee, Olivia Kosterlitz, Artem Kaznatcheev, Benjamin Kerr, Carl T. Bergstrom
bioRxiv 2022.07.02.498577; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.02.498577
快速办理(UAM毕业证书)马德里自治大学毕业证学位证一模一样
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Farming systems analysis: what have we learnt?.pptx
Presentation given at the official farewell of Prof Ken Gillet at Wageningen on 13 June 2024
Direct Seeded Rice - Climate Smart Agriculture
Direct Seeded Rice - Climate Smart AgricultureInternational Food Policy Research Institute- South Asia Office
PPT on Direct Seeded Rice presented at the three-day 'Training and Validation Workshop on Modules of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Technologies in South Asia' workshop on April 22, 2024.
Gadgets for management of stored product pests_Dr.UPR.pdf
Insectsplayamajorroleinthedeteriorationoffoodgrainscausingbothquantitativeandqualitativelosses
Wellprovedthatnogranariescanbefilledwithgrainswithoutinsectsastheharvestedproducecontainegg(or)larvae(or)pupae(or)adultinsectinthembecauseoffieldcarryoverinfestationwhichcannotbeavoidedindevelopingcountrieslikeIndia
Simpletechnologiesfortimelydetectionofinsectsinthestoredproduceandtherebyplantimelycontrolmeasures
8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
Isolation of pure culture, its various method.
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...
Current descriptions of immersive learning cases are often difficult or impossible to compare. This is due to a myriad of different options on what details to include, which aspects are relevant, and on the descriptive approaches employed. Also, these aspects often combine very specific details with more general guidelines or indicate intents and rationales without clarifying their implementation. In this paper we provide a method to describe immersive learning cases that is structured to enable comparisons, yet flexible enough to allow researchers and practitioners to decide which aspects to include. This method leverages a taxonomy that classifies educational aspects at three levels (uses, practices, and strategies) and then utilizes two frameworks, the Immersive Learning Brain and the Immersion Cube, to enable a structured description and interpretation of immersive learning cases. The method is then demonstrated on a published immersive learning case on training for wind turbine maintenance using virtual reality. Applying the method results in a structured artifact, the Immersive Learning Case Sheet, that tags the case with its proximal uses, practices, and strategies, and refines the free text case description to ensure that matching details are included. This contribution is thus a case description method in support of future comparative research of immersive learning cases. We then discuss how the resulting description and interpretation can be leveraged to change immersion learning cases, by enriching them (considering low-effort changes or additions) or innovating (exploring more challenging avenues of transformation). The method holds significant promise to support better-grounded research in immersive learning.
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aziz sancar nobel prize winner: from mardin to nobel
aziz sancar nobel prize winner: from mardin to nobel
Mending Clothing to Support Sustainable Fashion_CIMaR 2024.pdf
Mending Clothing to Support Sustainable Fashion_CIMaR 2024.pdf
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
The cost of acquiring information by natural selection
The cost of acquiring information by natural selection
Basics of crystallography, crystal systems, classes and different forms
Basics of crystallography, crystal systems, classes and different forms
Farming systems analysis: what have we learnt?.pptx
Farming systems analysis: what have we learnt?.pptx
Gadgets for management of stored product pests_Dr.UPR.pdf
Gadgets for management of stored product pests_Dr.UPR.pdf
8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...
Eubacteria_and_Archaebacteria.ppt
- 2. What are bacteria? ►Bacteria are prokaryotes (no membrane bound nucleus) ►Smallest living known cells ►Found Everywhere Bacteria in dental plaque microbeworld.org ►Did you know… there are over 80 species of bacteria in our mouth!
- 3. Characteristics of Bacteria ►Cell Wall ►Cell (plasma) Membrane ►Pili ►Flagella ►Cytoplasm ►Ribosomes ►DNA Refer to colored picture in NB for functions
- 4. Archaebacteria ► Emerged at least 3.5 billion years ago ► Live in environments that resemble conditions existing when the earth was young ► Don’t like oxygen, love acid and heat ► Differ from Eubacteria bases in ribosomal RNA different composition of plasma membranes and cell walls are different ► Three major known phyla (groups) Methanogens Halophiles Thermophiles
- 5. Methanogens ►Anaerobic (do not need oxygen to survive) ►Produce methane gas ►Marshes, sewage treatment plants, intestinal tracts of humans and some animals (cows).
- 6. Halophiles ►Aerobic ► High saline/salty environments usually 10 times the saline/salt content of normal ocean Salt lakes (Great Salt Lake, Dead Sea), pools, sea water
- 7. Thermophiles ►Love heat (can survive 230 degrees Fahrenheit) ►Use sulfur and iron for respiration ►Extremely acidic conditions pH below 2 ►Hot Springs and Thermal Vents Acid-Sulfur Spring Yellow Stone National park
- 8. Eubacteria ►“true bacteria” ►Usually what we refer to as “bacteria” ►Usually Neutral conditions Ex: body, food, moist places
- 9. Eubacteria- The Bad? ►Can cause problems for human health Streptococci bacteria cause strep throat E.coli and Salmonella are sometimes found in undercooked meat and eggs and can make people sick Anthrax Bacillus anthracis E. coli Salmonella
- 10. Eubacteria- The Good? ► Other bacteria are beneficial to human health: Fermentation: ►Yogurt, grapes, milk, cheese Breakdown waste (wastewater treatment plants + septic systems) ►Lactobacillus acidophilus found to have health benefits. Naturally found in mouth, intestinal track, yogurt. Used in yogurt fermentation