Ethernet
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Bob Metcalfe designed the first Ethernet network at Xerox PARC in 1973 to connect computers and printers. Ethernet uses CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection) where devices share a cable and can detect if two devices transmit at the same time causing a collision. The standard has since expanded and faster versions include Fast Ethernet that operates at 100 Mbps and Gigabit Ethernet at 1 Gbps. Switched Ethernet uses switches to connect devices and avoids collisions by routing traffic through separate ports or an onboard backplane when devices on the same switch need to communicate.
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![<br /> ETHERNET<br /> -BY 09BIT059<br /> (MIHIKA SHAH)<br />,[object Object], In 1973, at Xerox Corporation’s Palo Alto Research Centre (more commonly known as PARC), researcher Bob Metcalfe designed and tested the first Ethernet network. While working on a way to link Xerox’s quot;
Altoquot;
computer to a printer, Metcalfe developed the physical method of cabling that connected devices on the Ethernet as well as the standards that governed communication on the cable. Ethernet has since become the most popular and most widely deployed network technology in the world. Many of the issues involved with Ethernet are common to many network technologies, and understanding how Ethernet addressed these issues can provide a foundation that will improve your understanding of networking in general.<br />The Ethernet standard has grown to encompass new technologies as computer networking has matured, but the mechanics of operation for every Ethernet network today stem from Metcalfe’s original design. The original Ethernet described communication over a single cable shared by all devices on the network. Once a device attached to this cable, it had the ability to communicate with any other attached device. This allows the network to expand to accommodate new devices without requiring any modification to those devices already on the network. It is known as DIX ethernet. It uses manchester encoding .IEEE has standardized it as 802.3.<br />TYPES OF ETHERNET<br />18078454293870<br />,[object Object]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/ethernet-111006081043-phpapp01/85/Ethernet-1-320.jpg)
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Ethernet is a family of networking technologies commonly used in LANs, MANs and WANs. It was first standardized in 1983 at 10 Mbps and has since been updated to support higher speeds up to 10 Gbps. Fast Ethernet runs at 100 Mbps using the same frame format as standard Ethernet. Gigabit Ethernet runs at 1 Gbps while maintaining compatibility. Ten-Gigabit Ethernet operates at 10 Gbps while keeping the same frame format as prior standards.
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The document discusses the history and technical details of Ethernet networking. It describes how the original Ethernet standard was established in 1980 and details the physical media and frame sizes used. It also explains how Ethernet addresses devices using unique 48-bit MAC addresses for unicast, multicast using addresses starting with 01-00-5E, and broadcast using all ones. The document also briefly mentions CSMA/CD and how Ethernet has expanded beyond local area networks up to 1 Gbps.
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Ethernet is a family of computer networking technologies for local area networks (LANs) and metropolitan area networks (MANs). It was commercially introduced in 1980 and first standardized in 1983 as IEEE 802.3, and has since been refined to support higher bit rates and longer link distances.
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THIS IS AN EFFORT TO TELL SOME INFORMATION ABOUT THE ORIGIN AND MEANING OF THE TERM ETHERNET. MANY COLLEGE STUDENTS LIKE THIS PPT.
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Ethernet is a family of networking technologies used for local area networks (LANs). It was introduced in 1980 and standardized in 1985, providing data link layer services divided into logical link control and media access control sublayers. Ethernet has evolved to support higher data rates up to 10 Gbps while maintaining compatibility through consistent frame formats and addressing. Fiber optic and twisted pair cable implementations allow Ethernet to scale from campus to wide area networks.
Ethernet
Ethernet is a widely used networking protocol for local area networks (LANs). It uses cables to connect multiple computers together to allow them to send data to each other. Common cable types are thick coaxial cable, thin coaxial cable, and twisted pair cables. Ethernet uses encoding schemes like Manchester encoding and differential Manchester encoding to transmit data over the cables. Ethernet has evolved over time to support higher speeds through standards like Fast Ethernet that supports 100 Mbps and Gigabit Ethernet that supports 1 Gbps, while maintaining compatibility with previous versions.
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Ethernet uses CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detect) to allow devices on a network to share bandwidth without collisions. CSMA/CD works by having devices check if the network medium is clear before transmitting. If it's clear, the device can transmit; if not, it must wait. Full-duplex Ethernet uses two wire pairs to allow simultaneous transmission and reception, preventing collisions. At the data link layer, Ethernet is responsible for framing packets and using MAC addresses for addressing. MAC addresses are unique 48-bit identifiers burned into network adapters.
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THIS IS AN EFFORT TO TELL SOME INFORMATION ABOUT THE ORIGIN AND MEANING OF THE TERM ETHERNET. MANY COLLEGE STUDENTS LIKE THIS PPT.
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Ethernet is a family of networking technologies used for local area networks (LANs). It was introduced in 1980 and standardized in 1985, providing data link layer services divided into logical link control and media access control sublayers. Ethernet has evolved to support higher data rates up to 10 Gbps while maintaining compatibility through consistent frame formats and addressing. Fiber optic and twisted pair cable implementations allow Ethernet to scale from campus to wide area networks.
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Ethernet is a widely used networking protocol for local area networks (LANs). It uses cables to connect multiple computers together to allow them to send data to each other. Common cable types are thick coaxial cable, thin coaxial cable, and twisted pair cables. Ethernet uses encoding schemes like Manchester encoding and differential Manchester encoding to transmit data over the cables. Ethernet has evolved over time to support higher speeds through standards like Fast Ethernet that supports 100 Mbps and Gigabit Ethernet that supports 1 Gbps, while maintaining compatibility with previous versions.
Ethernet networking
Ethernet uses CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detect) to allow devices on a network to share bandwidth without collisions. CSMA/CD works by having devices check if the network medium is clear before transmitting. If it's clear, the device can transmit; if not, it must wait. Full-duplex Ethernet uses two wire pairs to allow simultaneous transmission and reception, preventing collisions. At the data link layer, Ethernet is responsible for framing packets and using MAC addresses for addressing. MAC addresses are unique 48-bit identifiers burned into network adapters.
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The Ethernet frame has a standard structure that defines fields like the destination address, source address, and optional Q-Tag for VLAN tagging. It began as defined in the DIX standard and was later modified by IEEE 802.3, with the key change being whether the type/length field defined type or length. The frame structure allows interfaces to read frames by destination address and ignore unwanted traffic. The preamble provides synchronization and the addresses define unicast, multicast, or broadcast traffic with the first bits of each address field.
SWITCHED LAN, FAST ETHERNET, FAST ETHERNET AND LAYER MODEL
- LAN switching operates at layers 2, 3, and 4 of the OSI model. Layer 2 switching provides hardware-based bridging and low latency. Layer 3 switching determines paths based on logical addressing. Layer 4 switching allows prioritizing data traffic by application for quality of service.
- Fast Ethernet provides data transmission at 100 megabits per second, compared to regular Ethernet which transmits at 10 megabits per second. Fast Ethernet uses category 5 or higher cables and a switch architecture.
- Ethernet operates at the data link and physical layers of the OSI model. The MAC sublayer prepares data for transmission and the LLC sublayer provides independence from physical hardware and communicates with upper layers.
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Ethernet is the traditional technology for connecting wired local area networks (LANs).
this slide describes ethernet its types and other aspects as well as its features
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Gigabit Ethernet
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Fast ethernet
Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet provide higher speeds over Ethernet networks. Fast Ethernet operates at 100 Mbps using various physical layer encoding schemes like 100BASE-T4 over twisted pair cables. Gigabit Ethernet provides 1 Gbps speeds using different cabling options like fiber optics or twisted pair. It utilizes 8B/10B encoding and builds upon Fast Ethernet and Ethernet standards to achieve higher throughput while maintaining compatibility. Gigabit Ethernet was developed to meet increasing bandwidth demands and leverage existing Ethernet infrastructure.
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Outlines:
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WORKING
ADDRESSING SCHEME
SCOPE
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1) The document provides a history of computer networking, beginning in the 1940s with remote access to mainframe computers and the development of timesharing in the 1960s.
2) It describes the key developments in Ethernet standards, including the first specification in 1976 supporting data transfer rates of 2.94 megabits per second using coaxial cable.
3) The document outlines standards that enabled faster Ethernet connections over cheaper cabling materials, including 10BaseT and 100BaseT, which support speeds of 10 and 100 megabits per second over twisted pair cable. These standards, along with Gigabit Ethernet, are described as suitable for modern home and small office networking.
Local Area Network – Wired LAN
A local area network (LAN) uses wired connections to connect devices within a limited geographic area like a building or campus. Ethernet became the dominant wired LAN technology using carrier sense multiple access with collision detection (CSMA/CD) to regulate shared access to the transmission medium. Ethernet has evolved from 10 Mbps to 100 Mbps to 1 Gbps standards to meet increasing bandwidth demands. Key components of wired LANs include network adapters, cabling, connectors, switches/hubs, and software protocols. Other historical wired LAN technologies like Token Ring and Token Bus used token passing for medium access but have been largely replaced by Ethernet.
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this slide describes ethernet its types and other aspects as well as its features
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The document discusses the evolution of Ethernet standards over four generations from its creation in 1976. It describes the IEEE 802 project which established standards for LAN communication. The original Ethernet standard defined the data link layer to consist of logical link control (LLC) and media access control (MAC) sublayers. It also established physical layer standards and frame formats for early Ethernet implementations using thick and thin coaxial cable and twisted pair wiring in bus and star topologies. Later changes like bridging and switching increased bandwidth and separated collision domains to support higher data rates.
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This document provides an overview of advances in Ethernet technology. It discusses the evolution of Ethernet beyond its original use as a LAN technology. It describes different standards body views of Ethernet and key Ethernet concepts like frames, addressing, clients, and link layer control protocols. The document also outlines modern Ethernet features like VLANs, Ethernet services, QoS, link aggregation, and OAM functions.
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Ethernet refers to local area network technologies that operate at speeds of 10 Mbps, 100 Mbps, or 1000 Mbps over twisted pair or optical cables. Ethernet devices implement the bottom two layers of the OSI model and are installed as network interface cards. Interface cards are identified by names indicating the speed and physical medium, such as 10Base-T for 10 Mbps over twisted pair. Gigabit Ethernet standards define 1000Base-T for twisted pair copper cables and 1000Base-X for twisted pair copper or single-mode/multi-mode optical fiber.
5 IEEE standards
The IEEE 802 is a family of IEEE standards dealing with Local Area Networks and Metropolitan Area Networks. The IEEE 802 family of standards is maintained by the IEEE 802 LAN/MAN Standards Committee (LMSC).
The most widely used standards are for the Bridging and Virtual Bridged LANs (802.1), Ethernet family (802.3), Token Ring (802.5) and Wireless LAN (802.11).
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The document describes the various Ethernet standards developed by IEEE 802.3 over time, starting from 1973 with experimental Ethernet up to the most recent standards from 2012. Key standards included 10 Mbit/s Ethernet in 1983, 100 Mbit/s Fast Ethernet in 1995, 1 Gbit/s Gigabit Ethernet in 1998, 10 Gbit/s Ethernet in 2003, and 40/100 Gbit/s Ethernet standards in 2010. The standards define various physical layer specifications for Ethernet over different cable types including coaxial cable, twisted pair, and fiber optic cable.
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Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet provide higher speeds over Ethernet networks. Fast Ethernet operates at 100 Mbps using various physical layer encoding schemes like 100BASE-T4 over twisted pair cables. Gigabit Ethernet provides 1 Gbps speeds using different cabling options like fiber optics or twisted pair. It utilizes 8B/10B encoding and builds upon Fast Ethernet and Ethernet standards to achieve higher throughput while maintaining compatibility. Gigabit Ethernet was developed to meet increasing bandwidth demands and leverage existing Ethernet infrastructure.
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Ethernet is a widely used local area network technology that operates at the Physical and Data Link layers of the OSI model. It uses CSMA/CD access method to share the transmission medium and detect collisions. Key Ethernet standards include 10Base-T, 100Base-TX, 1000Base-T, and 10GBase-T for copper cable, as well as 100Base-FX and 1000Base-LX for fiber-optic cable. Switches help improve network performance by segmenting collision domains and enabling full-duplex transmissions.
Network Devices
Network Devices
Contents
Introduction
Network card
1. ARC Net card
2. Ethernet card
3. Token Ring
• Network Cables
1. Coaxial cable
2. Twisted pair cable
3. Fiber optic cable
• Network Topology
1. Bus Topology
2. Star Topology
3. Ring Topology
4. Mesh Topology
• Network Connectivity Devices
1. Hub
2. Repeaters
3. Switches
4. Gateways
5. Bridges
• Conclusion
THANKS>
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EtherNet/IP is an industrial Ethernet network solution that implements the Common Industrial Protocol (CIP) using Ethernet technology. It provides a unified communication architecture for manufacturing automation applications like control, safety, and information collection. EtherNet/IP leverages the widespread adoption of Ethernet and TCP/IP protocols to provide a cost-effective networking solution for industrial devices while enabling connectivity to enterprise networks. It supports real-time I/O messaging and explicit device messaging over Ethernet using CIP.
Pub00138 r2 cip_adv_tech_series_ethernetip
EtherNet/IP is an industrial Ethernet network solution that implements the Common Industrial Protocol (CIP) using Ethernet technology. It provides a unified communication architecture for manufacturing automation applications like control, safety, and information collection. EtherNet/IP leverages the widespread adoption of Ethernet and TCP/IP protocols to provide a cost-effective, scalable networking solution while enabling connectivity to enterprise systems. As a CIP network, it supports producer-consumer messaging and flexible device configurations.
Ethernet : Notes
Ethernet is a family of networking technologies commonly used in local area networks (LANs). The original Ethernet from the 1970s used coaxial cable as a shared medium, while newer variants use twisted pair cables and fiber optics connected through switches. Over its history, Ethernet speeds have increased from 2.94 megabits per second to 400 gigabits per second. Ethernet frames contain source and destination addresses and error checking to detect damaged frames. Ethernet is widely used both in homes and industry, and forms a key part of the infrastructure of the Internet.
39 ethernet
Ethernet is a widely used local area network technology that uses various cabling media like coaxial cable, twisted pair wires, and fiber optics. Devices on an Ethernet network communicate by sending short messages called frames which include information like destination and source addresses. Ethernet networks originally had limitations in distance and number of devices due to collisions that occurred when multiple devices sent frames simultaneously. These limitations were addressed through technologies like repeaters, bridges, and routers which helped segment networks and increase their size and overall performance. Modern switched Ethernet networks provide full-duplex communication allowing simultaneous transmission and reception to avoid collisions.
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The document discusses the history and development of Ethernet and the IEEE 802.3 standard. It describes how Ethernet was initially developed by Xerox PARC in the 1970s and was later refined by DEC, Intel and Xerox to create the DIX standard. It then became the IEEE 802.3 standard in 1985. The document provides an overview of the Ethernet specifications including 10Base5, 10Base2, 10BaseT and 10BaseF and discusses the Ethernet frame format, addressing, media access with CSMA/CD, and collision detection.
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- 4. Fast Ethernet was designed to compete with LAN protocols such as FDDI (Fiber Distributed Data Interface) or Fiber Channel. IEEE created Fast Ethernet under the name 802.3u. Fast Ethernet is backward-compatible with Standard Ethernet, but it can transmit data 10 times faster at a rate of 100 Mbps. The topology used by the fast ethernet is shown in the figure.
- 8. The need for higher data rate resulted in the design of the Gigabit Ethernet (1000 Mbps). The IEEE committee calls the standard 802.3z. All configurations of gigabit Ethernet are point to point. Point-to-point, between two computers or one computer – to –switch. It supports two different modes of operation: full duplex mode and half duplex mode. Full duplex is used when computers are connected by a switch. No collision is there and so CSMA/CD is not used.
- 9. Figure 4- (a) point to point between two computers (b) point to point between switch and computer
- 10. Half duplex is used when computers are connected by a hub. Collision in hub is possible and so CSMA/CD is required. The 802.3z committee considered a radius of 25 meters to be unacceptable and added two new features to increase the radius. Carrier Extension tells the hardware to add its own padding bits after the normal frame to extend the frame to 512 bytes. Frame Bursting allows a sender to transmit a concatenated sequence of multiple frames in a single transmission. If the total burst is less than 512 bytes, the hardware pads it again.
- 11. The cables which are used by gigabit ethernet are as follows: